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Conceptual construction of global competence in education
Get PDFLa competencia global como objetivo de aprendizaje, ha tomado relevancia desde su inclusión en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de los Estudiantes (PISA), una competencia que se construye en base a distintos modelos de educación global como la educación intercultural, la educación para la ciudadanía o la educación para la democracia. Pese al creciente interés por esta competencia, son numerosas las cuestiones que requieren de una reflexión profunda, tales como ¿Qué es la competencia global? ¿Cómo se ha construido? ¿Desde qué enfoques se parte en los procesos discursivos para su construcción? y ¿Qué aporta la educación intercultural a este constructo? Para dar respuesta a estas preguntas, este artículo discute los antecedentes, las conceptualizaciones, enfoques y teorías en base a las cuales se ha construido el concepto. Se ha encontrado que en la conceptualización ha predominado el enfoque instrumentalista de eficiencia social, aunque sea de manera subyacente, frente a un enfoque de re-construccionismo social que suele aparecer en primer plano y que en muchas ocasiones la competencia global y la competencia intercultural se utilizan indistintamente debido al gran peso que esta última aporta en la competencia global, aunque la tendencia a nivel internacional es adoptar el uso de competencia global por ser más integral para afrontar los desafíos de la globalización. Por último, se destaca que existen desafíos y limitaciones conceptuales y de medición que dificultan comparar a nivel internacional e intercultural la adquisición de esta competencia y que requieren por tanto de más estudios que investiguen sistemáticamente la construcción del concepto, su desarrollo y medición.Global competence as a learning objective has become relevant since its inclusion in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite the growing interest in this competence, there are several issues requiring deep reflection, such as: What is global competence? How has it been constructed? From which approaches are the discursive processes for its construction based? and What does intercultural education contribute to this construct? To answer these questions, this paper analyses the background, conceptualisations, approaches and theories on which the concept has been built, with special emphasis on interculturality as an educational approach and model that favours inclusion. The method used is a critical review and discur-sive analysis. It has been found that the instrumentalist approach to social efficiency has predominated in the conceptualization, (at least as the underlying approach), as opposed to an approach of social re-constructionism that usually appears in the foreground. On many occasions the constructs global competence and intercultural competence are used interchangeably, although the former is more comprehensive in addressing the challenges of globalisation. Finally, it is highlighted that there are conceptual and measurement challenges and limitations that make difficult compar-ing the acquisition of this competence at an international level and that therefore require more studies that systematically investigate the construction of the concept, its development and measurement
Humidity forecasting in a potato plantation using time-series neural models
No full textIt is widely acknowledged that, under the frame of sustainable farming, using the minimum water resources is a
relevant requirement. In order to do that, precision irrigation aims at identifying the irrigation needs of plan-
tations and irrigate accordingly. Artificial intelligence is a promising solution in this field as intelligent models
are able to learn the soil moisture dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system and then generating appropriate
irrigation scheduling. This is a complex task as the phenology of plants and its water demand vary with soil
properties and weather conditions. The present research contributes to this challenging task by proposing the
application of neural networks in order to learn the time-series evolution of irrigation needs associated to a
potato plantation. Several of such models are thoroughly compared, together with different interpolation
methods, in order to find the best combination for accurately forecasting water needs. In order to predict the soil
water content in a potato field crop, in which soil humidity probes were installed at 15, 30, and 45 cm depth
during the whole cycle of a potato crop. This innovative study and its promising results provide with significant
contributions to address the problem of predicting and managing groundwater for agricultural use in a sus-
tainable way.This work was financed by a grant agreement between Lab-Ferrer (METER Group) and the UBUCOMP research group at the University of Burgos. Authors are grateful to the farmer Mr. José María Izquierdo for providing the experimental field and the monitoring of irrigation
Polímeros inteligentes para la detección rápida, sencilla y de bajo coste de nitritos en muestras de carne procesada
Get PDFLos nitritos son aditivos muy utilizados en alimentación, principalmente en productos cárnicos crudos curados y cocidos. Se emplean para prolongar su vida útil, debido a que inhiben el crecimiento de diversos patógenos, destacando su acción sobre la bacteria Clostridium botulinum. La legislación actual establece la cantidad permitida de nitritos en matrices alimentarias de origen cárnico, por lo que su cuantificación es necesaria. Sin embargo, el método de análisis de este grupo de especies resulta tedioso y supone un coste económico y de tiempo muy elevado. Por ello, en este trabajo se describe un nuevo método de análisis basado en un polímero inteligente, concretamente en un sensor colorimétrico para la detección de nitritos en muestras de carne procesada. Este material permite determinar la concentración de estos aditivos a partir del cambio de color del propio material sensor al contacto directo con la matriz alimentaria. Esta variación cromática se puede analizar de manera rápida y sencilla a partir de una simple fotografía tomada con la cámara de un teléfono al polímero sensor. Además, se ha desarrollado una aplicación para teléfonos inteligentes que facilita todo el proceso, obteniendo directamente el resultado de la concentración de nitritos que contiene el producto a partir de la mencionada fotografía. El nuevo método de análisis se ha validado comparando los resultados obtenidos con un método de referencia (ISO 2918: 1975). Esta validación se ha llevado a cabo analizando 26 muestras de productos cárnicos de diferente naturaleza y procedencia (8 de ellas corresponden a jamones cocidos de elaboración propia en las instalaciones de la Universidad de Burgos, con concentraciones conocidas de nitritos, y otras 18 son muestras comerciales de concentraciones de nitritos desconocidas, entre las que se encuentran carnes frescas envasadas, jamones y salchichas cocidos). Como resultado principal, cabe indicar que no se han observado diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los resultados obtenidos con el método de referencia de medida de nitritos y el nuevo método que se propone en este trabajo, por lo que se puede considerar como una alternativa viable que supone un ahorro significadito de costes y de tiempo
Shrinkage prediction of recycled aggregate structural concrete with alternative binders through partial correction coefficients
Get PDFEstimating the shrinkage of structural concrete is essential to calculate, at the design stage, the stresses that a
structure may experience due to this phenomenon. Nevertheless, changes in composition, as well as the use of
wastes as raw materials, alter the shrinkage behaviour of concrete and render invalid shrinkage-prediction
models from the standards. This paper shows a procedure to estimate the shrinkage of recycled aggregate
concrete made with alternative binders. This procedure is based on modifying the shrinkage estimated through
the Eurocode 2 or ACI 209.2R models by multiplying it by a partial correction coefficient for every change in
concrete composition. The application of this procedure to high-performance and self-compacting concretes
made with various contents of recycled aggregate of different maturity, reactive magnesium oxide and ground
granulated blast furnace slag showed that it is suitable for estimating long-term shrinkage with maximum deviations of ±10%. However, to obtain an adequate accuracy, it is necessary to bear in mind some tips, such as the
need to consider the prediction interactions between the factors, the usefulness of the natural logarithm of the
concrete age to improve the estimation accuracy or the convenience of introducing a concrete-age-dependent
coefficient to reach accurate shrinkage estimations at early ages. Finally, the partial correction coefficients are
found to be of a simpler nature for the ACI 209.2R model, so this model is recommended for predicting the
shrinkage of recycled aggregate concrete.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU and ERDF [grant numbers PID2020-113837RB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374; EST19/00263]. Moreover, the authors acknowledge the support of the Junta de Castilla y León [grant number UIC231]; the University of Burgos [grant number Y135. GI]; and the Foundation for Science and Technology, CERIS Research Centre and Instituto Superior Técnico
Family CEO affect and R&D investments of family firms: The moderation effect of family ownership structure
Get PDFThe last decades have seen increasing interest in the determinants of heterogeneity in family firm
innovation. In this study, we respond to recent calls to address the micro-level mechanisms
behind innovation in family firms. Specifically, we analyze the effect of family CEO affect, namely
positive and negative affective traits, on the R&D investment decisions of family firms. We also
analyze the moderating effect of family ownership structure on the influence of CEO affect on
these strategic decisions. Consistent with affect maintenance arguments, our findings of a sample
of 142 Spanish family firms show that positive family CEO affect negatively influences the R&D
investments of family firms, while negative affect positively influences these investments. The
results also show that family CEO ownership and family CEO branch ownership strengthen the
effects of family CEO affect on R&D investments, whereas ownership concentration in other
family branches weakens these effects.This work was supported by grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) ´ PID2020-120288 GB-I00
Stress-intensity factor solutions for the simulation of fish-eye fatigue crack growth in round bars subjected to tensile load
Get PDFTrabajo presentado en: The 7th International Conference on Crack Paths (CP 2021), organised by TC3 Fatigue of Engineering Materials and Structures of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS). The CP 2021 edition will take place in a virtual format (September 21st to 24th, 2021)The fatigue crack growth in round bars initiated from internal defects leads to the formation of a circular crack pattern usually so-called fish-eye. This failure mechanism is found in the current additive manufacturing techniques in which internal defects, such as pores or lack of fusion, are the main cause of fatigue crack initiation. Moreover, this fatigue mechanism becomes the predominant failure mode in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime. With the aim of adequately studying these fatigue crack situations, this paper presents a set of solutions for the stress-intensity factor calculation for embedded elliptical cracks in a round bar subjected to tensile load. The stress-intensity factors (SIF) are presented in a tabulated form and were obtained from three-dimensional finite-element analyses. The SIF solutions are provided as a function of three dimensionless parameters that include the crack size, the crack aspect ratio, and its relative position in the cross section. After that, a sequential methodology for fatigue crack growth simulation is presented, and a comparison with experimental results of fatigue crack propagation initiated from internal defects in round bars is also presented. Finally, by varying the initial crack position and the initial crack aspect ratio, several aspects related to the evolution of the fatigue crack shape in this geometry are analyzed.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Junta de Castilla y Leon (Spain) through grant BU-002-P20, co-financed by FEDER funds
Metodologías activas y uso de las short stories ítalo canadienses en el aula universitaria
No full textEn la actualidad, en el espacio europeo de educación superior y, con respecto al aprendizaje
de lenguas y culturas extranjeras, el aula invertida se considera una de las metodologías más
adecuadas en cuanto responsabiliza al estudiante y fomenta su independencia en la
adquisición de conocimientos nuevos y su progresiva asimilación
The Impact of Socrative Exit Tickets on Initial Teacher Training
No full textThe purpose of this research is to investigate the opinions of future teachers on theirexperience using Socrative exit tickets in the university classroom. For this purpose, theSocrative program was implemented as a learning tool within the education programs oftwo large universities in Spain, and a questionnaire was created by adapting instrumentsfrom previous research. The results show that the use of exit tickets improves the participants’reported attention and perceived abilities to reflect on, synthesize and analyze the coursecontent. In addition, the use of Socrative facilitates instructors in identifying the degree ofunderstanding or difficulties of students