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Modul III.1. Oštećenje mozga u djetinjstvu
No full textEn este tema III. 1 se ha abordado el concepto de daño cerebral en la población infantil y se han revisado los diferentes tipos de daño cerebral más prevalentes en la población infantil. Se ha revisado la función neuropsicológica de las estructuras neuroanatómicas y neurobiológicas implicadas, así como sus alteraciones más frecuentes en el daño cerebral, para conocer el posible impacto asociado a la lesión en un cerebro en desarrollo.In this item III. 1 The concept of brain damage in children has been addressed and the
different types of brain damage most prevalent in the child population have been
reviewed. The neuropsychological function of the neuroanatomical and
neurobiological structures involved, as well as their most frequent alterations in brain
damage, has been reviewed to know the possible impact associated with the injury on
a developing brain.In questo modulo III 1 è stato affrontato il concetto di danno cerebrale nella popolazione
infantile e sono stati passati in rassegna i diversi tipi di danno cerebrale più diffusi nella
popolazione infantile. La funzione neuropsicologica delle strutture neuroanatomiche e
neurobiologiche coinvolte, così come le loro alterazioni più frequenti nel danno cerebrale,
sono state passate in rassegna per conoscere il possibile impatto associato alla lesione su
un cervello in via di sviluppo.U ovom je poglavlju opisan koncept oštećenja mozga u dječjoj populaciji i prikazani su različiti tipovi oštećenja koji prevladavaju u ovoj populaciji. Neuropsihološka funkcija uključenih neuroanatomskih i neurobioloških struktura, kao i njihove najčešće promjene kod oštećenja mozga su razrađene kako bi se prikazao mogući učinak povezan s ozljedom mozga u razvoju.“Specialized and updated training on supporting advance technologies for early childhood education and care professionals and graduates”, eEarlyCare-T, reference 2021-1-ES01-KA220-SCH-000032661, is co-financed by the European Union's Erasmus+ programme, line KA220 Strategic Partnerships Scholar associations
Gaussian Curvature Effects on Graphene Quantum Dots
Get PDFIn the last few years, much attention has been paid to the exotic properties that graphene
nanostructures exhibit, especially those emerging upon deforming the material. Here we present
a study of the mechanical and electronic properties of bent hexagonal graphene quantum dots
employing density functional theory. We explore three different kinds of surfaces with Gaussian
curvature exhibiting different shapes—spherical, cylindrical, and one-sheet hyperboloid—used to
bend the material, and several boundary conditions regarding what atoms are forced to lay on
the chosen surface. In each case, we study the curvature energy and two quantum regeneration
times (classic and revival) for different values of the curvature radius. A strong correlation between
Gaussian curvature and these regeneration times is found, and a special divergence is observed for
the revival time for the hyperboloid case, probably related to the pseudo-magnetic field generated by
this curvature being capable of causing a phase transition.This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León), by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN (grant PGC2018-097831-B-I00) and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels Linked to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2228570, rs2282679, rs10741657) in Skeletal Muscle Aging in Institutionalized Elderly Men Not Supplemented with Vitamin D
Get PDFSarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging that results in
an involution of muscle function and strength. Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem
worldwide, especially among the elderly, and hypovitaminosis D leads to musculoskeletal disorders.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact and presence of a possible linkage between Single
Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs2282679), and VDR (rs2228570),
serum 25-OH/D concentrations and the link with the degree of sarcopenia in 19 institutionalized
elderly men not supplemented with vitamin D. Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were quantified with
a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and 3 SNPs were genotyped with KASPar
assays. Significant differences in 25-OH/D concentration were determined between the bi-allelic
combinations of rs228679 and rs228570. We detected statistically significant weak positive correlations
between the AA (rs10741657 and rs228570) and TT (rs228679) and alleles and 25-OH/D and the
probability of having higher 25-OH/D concentrations was 2- to 3-fold higher. However, the GG
alleles of the 3 SNPs showed that the probability of having optimal 25-0H/D concentrations decreases
by 32% for rs10741657, 38% for rs228679, and 74% for rs228570, showing a strong negative correlation
between the degree of sarcopenia and 25-OH/D levels. Allelic variations in CYP2R1 (rs10741657),
GC (rs2282679), and VDR (rs10741657) affect vitamin D levels and decisively influence the degree of
sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly people.This research has been funded by the Chair of Knowledge and Innovation “Caja Rural de Soria” University of Valladolid Campus de Soria, Soria (Spain) in the call for funding research projects with project number SO-1-2020. D.F.-L. and J.M.-A. were members of the research team
Paper-Based Probes with Visual Response to Vapors from Nitroaromatic Explosives: Polyfluorenes and Tertiary Amines
Get PDFAlthough it is well-known that nitroaromatic compounds quench the fluorescence of
different conjugated polymers and form colored Meisenheimer complexes with proper nucleophiles,
the potential of paper as a substrate for those macromolecules can be further developed. This work
undertakes this task, impregnating paper strips with a fluorene-phenylene copolymer with quaternary
ammonium groups, a bisfluorene-based cationic polyelectrolyte, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl
methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). Cationic groups make the aforementioned polyfluorenes attachable
to paper, whose surface possesses a slightly negative charge and avoid interference from cationic
quenchers. While conjugated polymers had their fluorescence quenched with nitroaromatic vapors
in a non-selective way, polyDMAEMA-coated papers had a visual response that was selective to
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and that could be easily identified, and even quantified, under natural
light. Far from implying that polyfluorenes should be ruled out, it must be taken into account that
TNT-filled mines emit vapors from 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dinitrobenzene isomers, which
are more volatile than TNT itself. Atmospheres with only 790 ppbv TNT or 277 ppbv DNT were
enough to trigger a distinguishable response, although the requirement for certain exposure times is
an important limitation.This work was carried out under the Project inpactus—innovative products and technologies from eucalyptus, Project No. 21874 funded by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 No. 246/AXIS II/2017. Finantial support from the Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), which is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the programs UID/QUI/00313/2020 and COMPETE is gratefully acknowledged
Predictors of Moderate or Severe Cognitive Impairment at Six Months of the Hip Fracture in the Surgical Patient over 65 Years of Age
Get PDFCognitive impairment is known to be very common in patients with hip
fractures, but studies are needed to help understand the relationship between both events. Our
goal was to determine the relationship between moderate or severe cognitive impairment and hip
fractures during the six months following that episode
Land Vulnerability, Risk Zoning, and Ecological Protection in the Protection Forest of Pagaibamba (Peru)
Get PDFThe protection of natural areas is considered an essential strategy for environment conservation. The objective of this work was to determine the level of vulnerability, considering the
characterization and identification of the risk zones and ecological protection of the Pagaibamba
Protection Forest (PPF, Peru). To determine the vulnerable areas, Landsat ETM satellite images,
topographic, geological, ecological, and vegetation cover maps were used. Geological, physiographic,
edaphological, vegetation cover, and land use potential characteristics, were analyzed. Three Ecological Protection and Risk Zones were identified, with the largest extension of the PPF corresponding to
lands of very high and high vulnerability and high ecological risk, which include >85% of Protected
Natural Areas (PNA) and 54% of the Buffer Zone (BZ). Moderate risk areas represent 30% of the
Buffer Zone (BZ) and 13% of the PNA, and the low-risk areas (represent 15% of the BZ and 2% of the
PNA). Biogeographically, the PPF was related to the Cloudy Montane Forests Ecoregion of the Andes
Mountains, standing out the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) and the Tropical Lower Montane
Cloud Forest (TLMCF). These forests are a global conservation priority due to their great biodiversity,
high level of endemicity of flora and fauna, and the crucial hydrological function they fulfill
Classical and Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms to SARS-CoV-2: Biotechnological Strategies and Genomic Variants
No full textSeveral coronaviruses (CoVs) have been identified as human pathogens, including the
α-CoVs strains HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 and the β-CoVs strains HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43.
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are also classified as β-coronavirus. New SARS-CoV-2 spike
genomic variants are responsible for human-to-human and interspecies transmissibility, consequences
of adaptations of strains from animals to humans. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2
binds to receptor ACE2 in humans and animal species with high affinity, suggesting there have been
adaptive genomic variants. New genomic variants including the incorporation, replacement, or
deletion of the amino acids at a variety of positions in the S protein have been documented and
are associated with the emergence of new strains adapted to different hosts. Interactions between
mutated residues and RBD have been demonstrated by structural modelling of variants including
D614G, B.1.1.7, B1.351, P.1, P2; other genomic variants allow escape from antibodies generated by
vaccines. Epidemiological and molecular tools are being used for real-time tracking of pathogen
evolution and particularly new SARS-CoV-2 variants. COVID-19 vaccines obtained from classical and
next-generation vaccine production platforms have entered clinicals trials. Biotechnology strategies
of the first generation (attenuated and inactivated virus–CoronaVac, CoVaxin; BBIBP-CorV), second
generation (replicating-incompetent vector vaccines–ChAdOx-1; Ad5-nCoV; Sputnik V; JNJ-78436735
vaccine-replicating-competent vector, protein subunits, virus-like particles–NVX-CoV2373 vaccine),
and third generation (nucleic-acid vaccines–INO-4800 (DNA); mRNA-1273 and BNT 162b (RNA
vaccines) have been used. Additionally, dendritic cells (LV-SMENP-DC) and artificial antigenpresenting (aAPC) cells modified with lentiviral vector have also been developed to inhibit viral
activity. Recombinant vaccines against COVID-19 are continuously being applied, and new clinical
trials have been tested by interchangeability studies of viral vaccines developed by classical and
next-generation platforms
Multifunctional Territorialized Agri-Food Systems, Geographical Quality Marks and Agricultural Landscapes: The Case of Vineyards
Get PDFIn contrast to the industrial agricultural systems aimed at producing unlabeled origin foods without unique characteristics, Multifunctional and Territorialized Agri-food Systems (MTAS) claim their identity in productions whose singularity comes from specific environmental conditions and distinctive knowhow—factors often linked to tradition. Their systemic complexity goes beyond the agri-food production function (high quality, sustainable, and differentiated by origin) because the territories gain cohesion and viability from the positive effects resulting therefrom: environmental quality—in the context of sustainable agriculture based on practices that respect the environment and the local productive vocation of the territories—, landscape value, greater economic diversification by stimulating integrated production chains, tourism potential, etc. In this context, the MTAS finds in the geographical indication one of the most expressive quality reference formulas for the identification of agri-food products. This paper delves into the regulatory nature of the main territorial indications (PDO, PGI) and explores their configuration and regulatory evolution, particularly focusing on the wine geographical indications—the first and most common ones. The Spanish indications are taken as the object of analysis, whose operational maturity reveals their solidity, but also their inadequacies, with the demand for adjustments for greater flexibility in the regulatory framework that identifies them as collective marks. Along the same lines, emphasis is placed on the recent advance of individualistic PDO figures, which call into question the very collective basis of the territorial trademark. These conceptual adaptations of geographical indications provide future lines of research necessary to interpret the coherence of these figures with the sustainable development of the territories, whose name they adopt to gain distinction and market competition.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Project: Multifunctional and territorialized agri-food systems in Spain. Analysis of cases in Castilla y León. Grant: PID2020-113162RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
