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La gestión de conflictos ambientales a la luz de las posibilidades de aplicación de la mediación. Un análisis de la aplicabilidad de la mediación administrativa
No full textLa preocupación referente a la gestión de conflictos ambientales y la búsqueda por tutela jurídica suficiente es uno de los retos de la sociedad del siglo XXI que mira el ODS 16, de la Agenda 2030, referente a promover la paz en la sociedad, estimular iniciativas del desarrollo sostenible y facilitar herramientas para acceder a la justicia ambiental a partir de instituciones públicas y privadas sólidas. Con la premisa de la crisis ambiental aun no superada, el sistema judicial difícilmente es capaz de dar una respuesta a los conflictos ambientales. La Tesis Doctoral tiene el objetivo de investigar la posibilidad de la utilización de la mediación aplicada a los conflictos ambientales, como una herramienta de los Métodos Adecuados de resolución de Conflictos, en el orden administrativo y del procedimiento Contencioso-Administrativa, como método complementario de los sistemas de justicia con la finalidad de suplantar el problema principal de la investigación referente a insuficiente tutela jurídica medioambiental. Partiendo de la experiencia habida en cuanto a la mediación en asuntos civiles y mercantiles, es posible diseñar algunas líneas maestras de las claves a considerar para valorar, en su caso, una normativa específica de mediación administrativa. Por estas razones y premisas jurídicas, la Tesis doctoral examinará la utilización de la mediación en vía administrativa como herramienta efectiva que el ciudadano y la Administración Pública podrán utilizar para resolver controversias de modo complementario al sistema de justicia. La tutela jurídica ambiental resulta insuficiente para dar respuesta activa a la crisis del derecho y del medio ambiente, promoviendo soluciones consensuadas del ciudadano con la Administración Pública, con el objetivo de lograr una mayor eficiencia (de tiempo y de costes económicos), así como lograr una mayor cercanía al ciudadano demandante, eficiente y eficaz en las resoluciones de los procesos administrativos y judiciales. La inminente aprobación del Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de eficiencia procesal del Servicio Público de Justicia, actualmente en fase de debate, excluye la mediación relacionada con el sector público. En la propia Exposición de Motivos del Proyecto de Ley se indica que se desarrollará una ley posterior específica de mediación administrativa. Mientras tanto, experiencias piloto en diversos Juzgados ponen de manifiesto las posibilidades de resolución mediada de conflictos ambientales del ciudadano con la Administración, como también de conflictos entre dos o más Administraciones Públicas.The concern regarding the management of environmental conflicts and the search for
sufficient legal protection is one of the challenges of 21st century society, which is addressed
by SDG 16 of the 2030 Agenda, which refers to promoting peace in society, stimulating
sustainable development initiatives and providing tools to access environmental justice from
solid public and private institutions. Given the premise that the environmental crisis has not
yet been overcome, the judicial system is hardly capable of providing a response to
environmental conflicts. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the possibility of
using mediation applied to environmental conflicts as a tool of the Appropriate Methods of
Conflict Resolution, in the administrative order and in the Contentious-Administrative
procedure, as a complementary method of the justice systems with the aim of replacing the
main problem of research regarding insufficient environmental legal protection. Based on the
experience gained in mediation in civil and commercial matters, it is possible to design some
main lines of the keys to consider in order to assess, where appropriate, specific regulations
for administrative mediation. For these reasons and legal premises, the doctoral thesis will
examine the use of mediation in administrative proceedings as an effective tool that citizens
and the Public Administration can use to resolve disputes in a complementary way to the
justice system. Environmental legal protection is insufficient to actively respond to the crisis
of law and the environment, promoting consensual solutions between citizens and the Public
Administration, with the aim of achieving greater efficiency (in terms of time and economic
costs), as well as achieving greater proximity to the plaintiff citizen, efficient and effective in
the resolutions of administrative and judicial processes. The imminent approval of the
Organic Law Project on procedural efficiency of the Public Service of Justice, currently in the
debate phase, excludes mediation related to the public sector. In the Statement of Reasons of
the Bill itself, it is indicated that a subsequent specific law on administrative mediation will be
developed. Meanwhile, pilot experiences in various Courts demonstrate the possibilities of
mediated resolution of environmental conflicts between citizens and the Administration, as
well as conflicts between two or more Public Administrations.La preoccupazione riguardante la gestione dei conflitti ambientali e la ricerca di una
protezione giuridica sufficiente è una delle sfide della società del 21° secolo che guarda
all’SDG 16 dell’Agenda 2030, riferendosi alla promozione della pace nella società, alla
stimolazione delle iniziative sociali e all’offerta strumenti per accedere alla giustizia
ambientale da parte di solide istituzioni pubbliche e private. Con la premessa della crisi
ambientale non ancora superata, il sistema giudiziario difficilmente è in grado di fornire una
risposta ai conflitti ambientali. La Tesi di Dottorato ha l'obiettivo di indagare la possibilità di
utilizzare la mediazione applicata ai conflitti ambientali, come strumento dei Metodi
Appropriati di Risoluzione dei Conflitti, nell'ordinamento amministrativo e nel Procedimento
Contenzioso-Amministrativo, come metodo complementare dei sistemi giudiziari con la
scopo di soppiantare il problema principale dell’indagine riguardante l’insufficiente tutela
giuridica ambientale. Sulla base dell’esperienza maturata in materia di mediazione in materia
civile e commerciale, è possibile disegnare alcune linee guida delle chiavi da considerare per
valutare, ove opportuno, una specifica regolamentazione della mediazione amministrativa. Per
queste ragioni e premesse giuridiche, la tesi di dottorato esaminerà l'utilizzo della mediazione
amministrativa come strumento efficace di cui i cittadini e la Pubblica Amministrazione
possono avvalersi per risolvere le controversie in modo complementare al sistema giudiziario.
La tutela giuridica ambientale è insufficiente per fornire una risposta attiva alla crisi del diritto
e dell’ambiente, promuovendo soluzioni consensuali tra cittadini e Pubblica
Amministrazione, con l’obiettivo di conseguire maggiore efficienza (in termini di tempi e
costi economici), nonché di conseguire maggiore vicinanza al cittadino attore, efficiente ed
efficace nelle risoluzioni dei processi amministrativi e giudiziari. L'imminente approvazione
del Progetto di Legge Organica sull'efficienza procedurale del Servizio della Giustizia
Pubblica, attualmente in fase di dibattito, esclude la mediazione relativa al settore pubblico.
Nella motivazione del disegno di legge stesso si indica che verrà elaborata una successiva
legge specifica sulla mediazione amministrativa. Nel frattempo, esperienze pilota in vari
Tribunali rivelano le possibilità di risoluzione mediata dei conflitti ambientali tra cittadini e
Amministrazione, nonché dei conflitti tra due o più Pubbliche Amministrazioni.Doctorado en Ciencias Jurídicas, Económicas y Sociale
El camino del cambio: Desentrañando los factores que mantienen la violencia y dificultan la transformación en perpetradores de violencia de género
No full textEsta tesis investiga los múltiples factores que influyen en la perpetración de violencia de género
(VG) y el proceso de cambio en los agresores. Utilizando el marco de tres niveles de prevención
(primaria, secundaria y terciaria), la investigación emplea un enfoque de métodos mixtos.
En cuanto a la prevención primaria, dos meta-análisis exploraron el papel predictivo del poder
(control y dominación) y los celos en la VG. El control emergió como un predictor más fuerte
(Zr= .43) que la dominación (Zr= .25), lo que destaca la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones
dirigidas a trabajar este control. La influencia de los celos varió según su componente (los
componentes cognitivo (Zr= .42) y conductual (Zr= .44) mostraron asociaciones más fuertes con
la violencia que los aspectos emocionales (Zr= .27), lo que resalta la importancia de considerar
estos matices en los esfuerzos de prevención.
En cuanto a la prevención primaria y secundaria se llevó a cabo un estudio basado en una
muestra comunitaria de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes (N= 786) que exploró la relación entre
el poder, la afectividad y la supresión de la expresión emocional en la violencia en el noviazgo
(VN), mostrando un "efecto boomerang" de la supresión emocional, particularmente entre los
adultos jóvenes. Los intentos de controlar las emociones negativas relacionadas con los
desequilibrios de poder percibidos aumentaron paradójicamente la probabilidad de recurrir a la
violencia, lo que subraya la necesidad de promover estrategias de regulación emocional
adaptativas en las intervenciones dirigidas a estos jóvenes.
Finalmente, en lo relativo a la prevención terciaria se realizaron dos estudios empíricos que
examinaron los factores que dificultan el cambio en los perpetradores condenados por VG. El
primero (N= 89) identificó los predictores psicosociales y culturales de la etapa de
precontemplación, mostrando la relación entre esta etapa y la adhesión a la cultura del honor,
la presencia de distorsiones cognitivas y la dominación. El segundo (N= 139), enmarcado en la
Teoría de la Interdependencia (I3), examinó las relaciones entre la dominación, la afectividad
positiva y negativa y el autocontrol a lo largo de las etapas de cambio. Siguiendo el modelo I3,
nuestros resultados mostraron el papel crucial del intercambio equitativo de recursos en la
dinámica de las relaciones. Cuestionar las creencias que apoyan la dominación y fomentar la
afectividad positiva se constituyen como factores fundamentales para lograr intercambios
equilibrados. El patrón inconsistente del autocontrol a lo largo de las etapas de cambio pone de
manifiesto la necesidad de abordar otras estrategias compensatorias de regulación emocional.This thesis investigates the multifaceted factors influencing intimate partner violence
against women (IPVAW) perpetration and the process of change in perpetrators.
Adopting the three-level prevention framework (primary, secondary, tertiary), the
research employs a mixed-methods approach.
In terms of primary prevention, two meta-analyses explored the predictive roles of power
(control and dominance) and jealousy in IPVAW were conducted. Control emerged as a
stronger predictor (Zr=.43) than dominance (Zr=.25), emphasizing the need for
interventions targeting coercive control. Jealousy's influence varied depending on its
component (cognitive (Zr=.42) and behavioral (Zr=.44) components showed stronger
associations with violence than emotional (Zr=.27) aspects), highlighting the importance
of considering these nuances in prevention efforts.
Related to primary and secondary prevention a study with a community sample of
adolescents and young adults (N=786) explored the interaction of power, affectivity, and
emotional suppression in dating violence (VN), revealing a "boomerang effect" of
emotional suppression, particularly among young adults. The attempts to control negative
emotions linked to perceived power imbalances paradoxically increased the likelihood of
violent behavior, underscoring the critical need to promote adaptive emotional regulation
strategies in interventions.
Finally, with regard to tertiary prevention two empirical studies which examined factors
hindering change in convicted IPVAW perpetrators were conducted. The first one (N=89)
identified psychosocial and cultural predictors of pre-contemplation, revealing
associations with adherence to honor culture, cognitive distortions and dominance. The
second one (N=139), utilizing the Interdependence Theory (I3), examined the
relationships between dominance, positive and negative affect, and self-control across
stages of change. Following the I3 model our results showed the crucial role of equitable
resource exchange in relationship dynamics. Challenging dominance-supporting beliefs
and enhancing positive affect were key to achieving balanced exchanges. The inconsistent
pattern of self-control across the stages of change remarks the need to address other
compensatory emotional regulation strategies.
Conclusion: This thesis contributes a comprehensive understanding of IPVAW from a
relational perspective, emphasizing the importance of: (1) Addressing coercive control
and promoting equitable relationships; (2) Targeting the emotional regulation and
cognitive distortions in both dating violence and IPVAW perpetrators; (3) Utilizing the
Transtheoretical Model of Change to tailor interventions to individual needs and stages
of change. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach to prevention and
intervention, recognizing the interplay of individual, relational, and sociocultural factors.Doctorado en Educació
Inclusion and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in primary teachers training programme
No full textEl presente estudio aborda los retos en la formación inicial de maestros de
Educación Primaria para abordar la inclusión y aplicar el Diseño Universal para el
Aprendizaje (DUA). Se empleó un enfoque metodológico mixto, utilizando
instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se diseñó y validó la escala PEI-FIMEP,
aplicada a una muestra de 362 estudiantes universitarios, 42 docentes
universitarios y 49 maestros de Educación Primaria. Los estudiantes valoraron la
teoría, aunque se sintieron poco preparados para aplicar lo aprendido en contextos
reales. Los docentes universitarios admitieron que existía una brecha entre teoría y
práctica, mientras que los maestros en activo expresaron sentirse sobrecargados y
con pocos recursos para atender a la diversidad. El currículo fue percibido como
desigual y con una integración superficial de los principios inclusivos. Existe la
necesidad de fortalecer la formación inclusiva, mejorar la colaboración entre
actores educativos y avanzar hacia una educación más equitativa para todos.This study addresses the challenges of the initial training of primary school teachers in relation to inclusive education and Universal Design for Learning (UDL), focusing on the development of inclusive competencies in future teachers. A mixed methodological approach was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative instruments. The PEI-FIMEP scale was designed, validated, and applied to a sample of 362 university students, 42 university teachers, and 49 Primary Education teachers selected by means of intentional sampling. Data was collected through surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed similarities and discrepancies between the three groups. The students valued their theoretical training in inclusion and UDL positively but expressed insecurity regarding their practical preparation and ability to meet specific educational needs. The university teachers highlighted the disconnection between theory and practice in the training. Primary school teachers expressed feeling overburdened and had limited resources to address diversity. The curriculum was perceived as uneven, with a superficial integration of inclusion. All three educational agents agreed on the need to strengthen their inclusive competencies. Despite facing challenges such as insecurity, resistance to change, and emotional baggage, a common commitment to inclusion was evident based on planning and collaborative work within the educational community.Doctorado en Educació
Situations of privilege and the rule "ignorantia uiris nocet"(ignorantia iuris non excusat)
No full textDesde el ordenamiento jurídico romano hasta la actualidad se ha mantenido como
un principio incuestionable que el derecho debe ser siempre aplicado, incluso aunque se
desconozca la norma que regula los actos jurídicos que se concluyen. Se trata de la intemporal
regla jurídica por la que la ignorancia de la ley no excusa de su cumplimiento. Pero este
principio tuvo una serie de excepciones para determinadas categorías de personas -menores,
rustici, mujeres y soldados-, ya desaparecidas en el derecho vigente, y cuyo origen y
evolución -como verdaderos privilegios-, son el objeto de estudio en este trabajoFrom the Roman legal system to the present day, it has remained an
unquestionable principle that the law must always be applied, even if the rule governing the
legal acts being concluded is unknown. It is the timeless legal rule that ignorance of the law
does not excuse compliance with it. But this principle had a series of exceptions for certain
categories of persons - minors, rustici, women and soldiers - which have now disappeared in
current law, and whose origin and evolution - as true privileges - are the object of study in
this work
Born digital: How native digital status shapes ethical behavior and consumer dissonance
No full textThis chapter examines the impact of digital nativeness and generational identity on ethical values and responsible consumption behaviours in Spain. Through a data-driven analysis of six generational cohorts, the findings reveal significant intergenerational differences in both the strength of ethical values and the consistency of ethical behaviour. Notably, digital immigrants demonstrate higher ethical commitment and more responsible consumption than digital natives. Accordingly, the former presents a stronger coherence between intention and behaviour, although there is no cognitive dissonance on any of the groups. The study validates key ethical consumption theories and introduces the DAS BIE scale as a novel tool for assessing generational differences. Practical implications highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives, ethical marketing strategies, and digital tools that align values with actions. This research underscores the need of a people-centred digital transformation to bridge generational disparities and foster a more sustainable, ethically engaged society
Concepción Sainz-Amor Alonso de Celada: historia de vida de una maestra innovadora, pedagoga, escritora y traductora burgalesa con proyección internacional
No full textEsta tesis doctoral analiza la trayectoria vital y profesional de Concepción Sainz-Amor Alonso de Celada (1897–1994), maestra burgalesa cuya aportación pedagógica resultó decisiva en la renovación educativa española del siglo XX. A partir de un enfoque cronológico y contextual, se examinan sus aportaciones en ámbitos como la educación rural, la innovación metodológica, la formación docente y la difusión pedagógica. Su vinculación con la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios, su participación en la Nueva Educación y su labor en las Misiones Pedagógicas evidencian su compromiso con una educación pública, laica y moderna. Pese a la depuración tras la Guerra Civil Española, continuó su actividad académica, culminando con el doctorado y la docencia universitaria. Su producción escrita, traducciones y adopción de nuevas corrientes, como la psicología proyectiva, consolidan su figura como referente pedagógico. El estudio contribuye a visibilizar el papel de las mujeres en la historia de la educación en España.This doctoral thesis explores the life and work of Concepción Sainz-Amor Alonso de Celada, a teacher from Burgos whose personal and professional career had a significant impact on the field of pedagogy in Spain. The research not only seeks to give visibility to her legacy, but also to highlight the importance of including women's history in academia in order to achieve a more equitable and complete understanding of the past. It also aims to facilitate access to their work, raise awareness of their relevance, especially among the people of Burgos, and promote tangible tributes that recognize their contributions. Through a chronological approach, the study contextualizes her life within the sociohistorical frameworks of her time, beginning with an introduction to the educational landscape of Spain and Europe, and the challenges and opportunities for women of that time. The social, cultural and educational influences that marked her training and performance as a teacher are analyzed, providing a comprehensive understanding of her exceptional contribution to the educational field. The story begins with her childhood in a rural environment and her training at the Escuela Normal de Maestras de Burgos, placing her achievements in the context of the social and educational changes that marked the first half of the 20th century. She entered the teaching profession in the rural schools of La Rioja, where she developed her pedagogical and writing vocation, beginning to write articles and establishing links with the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (JAEIC). Her participation in international movements such as the New Education had a significant influence on her pedagogical approach.Doctorado en Educació
Ischemic Preconditioning on Secondary Arterial and Venous Ischemia in Pedicled Axial Flaps in Wistar Rats
No full textBackground: Microvascular complications, particularly secondary arterial and venous ischemia, pose significant challenges in reconstructive surgery. This study investigates the potential protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on flap survival, anatomopathological alterations, and immunological responses in pedicled axial flaps subjected to secondary ischemia.
Methods: Adult male Wistar rats underwent arterial or venous ischemia, with and without ischemic preconditioning. Histological assessments, immunohistochemistry studies, and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of ischemic preconditioning on inflammatory processes and tissue damage.
Results: Ischemic preconditioning demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in histological lesions, with reductions of 56% in arterial and 47% in venous ischemia, mainly associated with a reduction of inflammatory changes and necrosis processes. Immunological analyses revealed a significant reduction in IgM levels induced by venous ischemia, and a consistent decrease in inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in both arterial and venous ischemia following preconditioning. Furthermore, F2-isoprostane levels indicated a lower production of oxidative stress markers in preconditioned flaps.
Conclusion: This study highlights the beneficial impact of ischemic preconditioning on flap viability, providing robust evidence of reduced histological lesions, inflammation, and oxidative stress in both arterial and venous secondary ischemia scenarios. These findings support the potential clinical relevance of incorporating ischemic preconditioning strategies to improve outcomes in microvascular reconstructive surgery
Isolation, Optimization, and Structural Characterization of Melanoidins Obtained from Bread Industry By-products as Bioactive Compounds
No full textMelanoidins are bioactive compounds that have an impact on food properties and have effects on health. Due to the high content of melanoidins in bread crust, it can be used as a source of these compounds. Their recovery from bakery by-products can reduce environmental pollution and provide added value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ultrafiltration to obtain melanoidin extracts from crust of common and soft bread obtained as industrial by-products and to compare their structure and antioxidant and chelating activity. The high-molecular-weight (HMW > 10 kDa) melanoidin extract was obtained by ultrafiltration conditions optimized to ensure minimum fouling and to obtain a melanoidin extract with a minimum content of low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds that could be toxic. FTIR spectroscopy revealed significant similarities between both melanoidin samples, but differences were observed with their LMW fractions. Melanoidins, which are melanoproteins, exhibited higher carbohydrate levels in the extract from soft bread, whereas the extract from common bread contained more proteins and polyphenolic compounds. Despite having a lower browning index and K420, the melanoidin from soft bread exhibited higher antiradical and chelating properties. In conclusion, this study provides our understanding of the structural and functional aspects of bread melanoidins.Open access funding provided by FEDER European Funds and the Junta de Castilla y León under the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) of Castilla y León 2021-2027. The authors acknowledge financial support of Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish State Research Agency and European Regional Development Fund (TED201 - 132195B-I00
Keys and main challenges of the “Informal City”
No full textTrabajo presentado en: V Diálogos Académicos Brasil-España, celebrados en Burgos y Madrid (España), del 6 al 9 de octubre de 2025El presente trabajo de investigación compendia y estudia las claves másimportantes de la “Ciudad Informal”, que se concretan en su delimitación conceptualfrente a la “Ciudad Oficial”, en su génesis y evolución hasta el presente, así como en lascausas que han propiciado su surgimiento, para, partiendo de las mismas, analizar losprincipales retos a los que se enfrenta aquella, los cuales, no son otros, que reconducir la“Ciudad Informal” hacia la “Ciudad Oficial”, implementar el desarrollo sostenible ygarantizar los derechos humanos a cuantos habitan en ella.Este trabalho de investigação resume e estuda as chaves mais importantes
da “Cidade Informal”, que se especificam na sua delimitação conceptual face à “Cidade
Oficial”, na sua génese e evolução até ao presente, bem como nas causas que
fomentaram seu surgimento, para, a partir deles, analisar os principais desafios que
enfrenta, que nada mais são do que redirecionar a “Cidade Informal” para a “Cidade
Oficial”, implementando o desenvolvimento sustentável e garantindo os direitos
humanos a quem nela viveThis research work summarizes and studies the most important keys of the
“Informal City”, which are concretized in its conceptual delimitation in front of the “Official City”, in its origin and evolution until the present, as well as in the causes that
have propitiated its emergence, in order to, starting from them, analyze the main
challenges that it faces, which are none other than to redirect the “Informal City”
towards the “Official City”, implement sustainable development and guarantee human
rights to all those who live in it
Social sustainability in public procurement: between european strategy and national practise
No full textLa contratación pública ha dejado de concebirse exclusivamente como un mecanismo de aprovisionamiento para convertirse en un instrumento estratégico capaz de orientarse hacia objetivos de interés general. Este trabajo examina la evolución del marco normativo y jurisprudencial europeo y español en materia de cláusulas sociales, identificando los principales obstáculos que dificultan su implementación efectiva –entre ellos, la interpretación restrictiva del vínculo con el objeto del contrato, la falta de uniformidad en la aplicación de la normativa y la ausencia de mecanismos de supervisión en la fase de ejecución–. Asimismo, se proponen reformas orientadas a fortalecer la dimensión social de la contratación pública en la próxima revisión de las Directivas europeas, destacando la necesidad de incorporar la obligatoriedad del cumplimiento de las normas sociales y laborales, en particular los convenios de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, y de avanzar hacia una contratación pública ética que promueva el trabajo decente.Public procurement has increasingly evolved from a purely administrative and economic mechanism for the acquisition of goods and services to a key strategic instrument for promoting broader public policy objectives. This article analyzes the integration of social sustainability into public procurement as part of the European and Spanish regulatory and jurisprudential framework, emphasizing its potential role in advancing decent work, social inclusion, and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the European Pillar of Social Rights.Esta contribución se enmarca dentro de las actividades del Proyecto de investigación PID2023-150327NB-I00: Hacia la buena administración desde la contratación pública en el contexto de la Unión Europea de la Salud