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Analysis of the competition between land, energy and food using the TERRA module of WILIAM System Dynamics IAM
No full textIntegrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are computational tools used to explore energy futures and sustainable transitions. This paper presents the WILIAM-TERRA model, a novel platform for analyzing the interactions between land, food, energy and the environment. WILIAM-TERRA is integrated in the Within Limits Integrated Assessment Model (WILIAM), a new open-source model that has been designed to address several limitations of existing IAMs.
WILIAM-TERRA explores the energy transitions, both from the point of view of the sinks (climate change) and from the point of view of the resources (biofuels, forests and solar electricity). Additionally, is focuses on the ecological transition of the food system including dietary changes, sustainable agriculture and regional food exchanges. These features provide a broader scope than the traditional emissions-based approach of most IAMs, enabling a more systemic analysis.
Some results of the interaction of diet policies with forest and cropland expansion, of the effect of wood extraction in forests integrity and of the carbon capture in grasslands have been presented. These results represent only a small sample of what can be analysed with WILIAM-TERRA and should be further explored in the future.This work has also been partially developed under the LOCOMOTION project, (grant agreement no. 821105), RethinkAction project (grant agreement No 101037104), NEVERMORE project (grant agreement No 101056858) and IAM COMPACT project (gran Agreement no. 101056306) all of under the EU Commision research and innovation programme
Influence of a Measurement Procedure and Evaluation of Transflectance Sensing System for Quantifying Sunflower Oil Adulterations in Olive Oil. A Proof of Concept
No full textThe development of NIR instruments and/or their modification to adapt the measurements for each problem and improve its performance are crucial steps for the optimal measurement procedures. In this work, it is presented the development of an accessory for cuvettes designed to have the possibility to collect NIR spectra in transflectance mode. In that sense, it is aimed to investigate how different factors in the measurement procedure using this accessory influence both the NIR spectra and the subsequent calibration models for detecting adulterations with sunflower oil in olive oil. The purpose is to show how a proof of concept can be developed using chemometric tools. For that, every measurement condition influencing the spectra was evaluated with ASCA, visualizing how the use of different NIR devices, the sensor arrangement regarding the cuvette, the activation of the internal compensation system of temperature of the sensor, or the concentration levels of the adulterant affected the resulting spectra. Afterwards, every possible combination of the factors was explored through eight different PLS calibration models and their validation to examine if the factors also influenced the calibration models built for quantifying the sunflower oil present in the olive oil. It was found that not only were all factors significant regarding NIR measurements but also when quantifying adulterants. The best results of this proof of concept were obtained by arranging the sensor in a horizontal disposition regarding the cuvette and activating the internal compensation system of temperature. The capability of detection of the method for the particular oils used was 1.4% for probabilities of false positive and false negative of 0.05
El concepto de «competidor» en la publicidad comparativa digital: Comentario a la STJUE de 8 de mayo de 2025 (C-697/23)
No full textLa Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) de 8 de mayo de 2025, asunto C-697/23, representa una aportación significativa a la doctrina sobre publicidad comparativa en el entorno digital. El fallo delimita con claridad el concepto de «competidor» en el sentido del artículo 2, letra c), de la Directiva 2006/114/CE, excluyendo a los prestadores de servicios de comparación que no comercializan directamente los productos o servicios comparados. El presente trabajo analiza los antecedentes normativos y jurisprudenciales, así como la ratio decidendi de la sentencia, su coherencia con la jurisprudencia previa del TJUE, y sus implicaciones prácticas y teóricas para el Derecho de la competencia y la regulación de la publicidad digital.The Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of 8 May 2025, Case C-697/23, represents a significant contribution to the doctrine on comparative advertising in the digital environment. The ruling clearly delimits the concept of «competitor» within the meaning of Article 2(c) of Directive 2006/114/EC, excluding comparison service providers that do not directly market the compared products or services. This paper analyzes the regulatory and case law background, as well as the ratio decidendi of the judgment, its consistency with previous CJEU case law, and its practical and theoretical implications for competition law and the regulation of digital advertising
Prefabricados de cemento aligerados con residuos poliméricos industriales
No full textEsta Tesis Doctoral evalúa la viabilidad técnica y ambiental de la reutilización de residuos
industriales de poliuretano, específicamente provenientes de paneles aislantes para techos como
sustituto parcial del árido en la producción de prefabricados de cemento, centrándose en
adoquines, baldosas para solados y bloques estructurales.
El estudio se estructura en una fase experimental en la que se caracterizan las materias primas,
se diseñan mezclas con distintas proporciones de sustitución y se fabrican prototipos bajo
normativas europeas. Se han analizado propiedades físico-mecánicas como densidad aparente,
resistencia a compresión y flexión, permeabilidad, comportamiento hídrico, reacción al fuego y
resistencia al desgaste, así como ensayos de envejecimiento acelerado frente a ciclos de hielodeshielo y cristalización salina.
Desde un enfoque ambiental, el Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) ha evidenciado una reducción
significativa en la huella de carbono y en el consumo energético asociado a la producción de
estos materiales. Para la validación en condiciones reales, se ha llevado a cabo la instalación de
un demostrador y una prueba piloto de industrialización en fábrica, obteniendo resultados
favorables en términos de resistencia mecánica, durabilidad y desempeño estructural.
Los hallazgos de esta investigación refuerzan la viabilidad de la valorización de residuos
poliméricos en la construcción, promoviendo la economía circular y la sostenibilidad del sector.Doctorado en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Industrial, Informática y Civi
Circular economy from macro to micro: National impact, corporate strategies and digital engagement
No full textThis PhD thesis analyzes the effects of the circular economy (CE) on sustainable development (SD),
environmental performance and corporate reputation. The research employs a multi-level approach,
analyzing CE at macroeconomic, meso-economic, and microeconomic levels using both well-known
indicators and novel data sources such as social media analytics.
Chapter 1 evaluates the relationship between CE strategies—renewable energy, reuse and sharing,
repair and remanufacturing, and recycling—and their effects on SD in 25 European countries from
2010 to 2019. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and panel data methodology, the study finds
that CE strategies correlate with lower unemployment (social dimension), reduced greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions (environmental dimension), and higher GDP per capita (economic dimension).
However, the effects vary: renewable energy and reuse/sharing significantly reduce environmental
impact, while recycling has negligible effects, and repair activities unexpectedly increase emissions.
Chapter 2 assesses CE relevance in German companies through LinkedIn data. The study tracks CErelated company profiles across Germany’s 16 federal states, revealing a 36.34% increase in CE-active
firms within one year. The analysis highlights that industries such as environmental services,
management consulting, and IT play a crucial role in CE adoption. However, a predominant focus on
recycling emerges, despite its limited macroeconomic impact.
Chapter 3 extends the LinkedIn analysis to CE professionals across Austria, Cyprus, Germany, and
Greece. A dataset of 3,245 profiles provides insights into demographic characteristics, specializations,
job positions, and employers. The findings show that men tend to use more keywords in their profiles,
correlating with higher follower counts. Additionally, over 500 unique job titles related to CE are
identified, with key employers including BASF (Germany) and the Circular Economy Alliance
(Cyprus).
Chapter 4 explores the microeconomic effects of CE strategies on corporate environmental
performance and reputation. Based on a panel dataset of 67 multinational companies across 12
countries from 2015 to 2023, the results show that renewable energy adoption enhances both
environmental performance (lower emissions, reduced energy consumption) and corporate reputation.
In contrast, recycling improves energy efficiency but does not significantly impact emissions or
reputation. The study also highlights the risks of sustainability policies that fail to yield tangible
environmental benefits while strengthening corporate reputation, underscoring the potential for
greenwashing.
This thesis contributes to CE and business research by integrating macro-, meso-, and micro-level
analyses. It provides empirical evidence that CE can drive sustainable development but emphasizes the
need for a holistic approach beyond recycling. The research also offers practical implications for
companies and policymakers, advocating for stricter sustainability regulations and more
comprehensive CE strategies to maximize economic, environmental, and reputational benefits.Doctorado en Ciencias Jurídicas, Económicas y Sociale
Aplicación de dispositivos de control cerebral para la mejora de calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad
No full textEste proyecto se centra en la aplicación del dispositivo Emotiv
Insight, que es una herramienta BCI comercial de EEG de 5 canales.
Es un dispositivo no invasivo diseñado para capturar ondas cerebrales
de distintos tipos, que son procesadas mediante algoritmos que detectan diferentes estados mentales, como estrés, relajación, atención o
la intención de realizar una tarea determinada.
La iniciativa surge de la preocupación por la realidad que enfrentan las personas afectadas con ELA y otras discapacidades, con el
objetivo de contribuir a mejorar su calidad de vida mediante el uso
de tecnologías accesibles e innovadoras como son los dispositivos de
Emotiv.
Para ello, se ha integrado el dispositivo Emotiv Insight con aplicaciones como PsychoPy, un software de código abierto para ejecutar
experimentos de psicología en Python, y Node-RED, un software de
programación basada en flujo low-code para aplicaciones basadas en
eventos en JavaScript.
A través de la combinación de estas herramientas y el dispositivo
Emotiv Insight se busca ofrecer una ayuda que, por pequeña que sea,
marque una diferencia positiva en la vida diaria de las personas con
discapacidad. Con este proyecto se ha demostrado el potencial de
esta tecnología EEG para continuar aplicando mejoras en diferentes
ámbitos.This project focuses on the implementation of the Emotiv Insight
device, which is a commercial 5-channel EEG BCI device. It is a
non-invasive device designed to capture brain waves of different types,
which are processed by algorithms that detect different mental states,
such as stress, relaxation, attention or the intention to perform a
certain task.
The initiative arises from the concern for the reality faced by
people affected by ALS and other disabilities, with the aim of contributing to the improvement of their quality of life through the use of
accessible and innovative technologies such as Emotiv devices.
For that purpose, the Emotiv Insight device has been integrated
with applications such as PsychoPy, open source software for running
psychology experiments in Python, and Node-RED, which is a lowcode flow-based programming software for event-driven applications.
Through the combination of these tools and the Emotiv Insight
device, the aim is to offer help that, although modest, can make a
positive difference in the daily lives of people with disabilities. This
project has demonstrated the potential of this EEG technology to
drive improvements in different areas
Red-Edge (725nm) Monochrome Imaging of Vine Leaves Treated with Antifungal Products
No full textThe dataset contains all raw data of the work "Red-Edge (725nm) Monochrome Imaging of Vine Leaves Treated with Antifungal Products"This dataset is part of the project TED2021-131551B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRT
Deformational and energy-absorption performance of low-strength structural concrete with joint additions of raw-crushed wind-turbine blade and coarse recycled aggregate
No full textRaw-Crushed Wind-Turbine Blade (RCWTB) is yielded through non-selective cutting and crushing of wind-turbine blades,
which has a high content of fiberglass-composite fibers. These fibers can potentially increase the energy-absorption capacity and ductility of concrete, and even partially compensate for the higher brittleness because of the addition of Coarse
Recycled Aggregate (CRA). This paper therefore analyzes the behavior under monotonic compressive and bending loading of low-strength structural concrete (target compressive strength of 25 MPa) produced with CRA amounts of 50% and
100% and RCWTB contents of 0% and 10%. Both the under-bending load-deflection curves and the under-compression
stress-strain curves in both the longitudinal and transverse directions showed that RCWTB increased concrete deformability. Thus, it decreased the elastic stiffness and increased the fracture and peak strains and deflections, improving
the load-bearing capacity. Compressive and flexural strengths were not adversely affected by RCWTB, so that a higher
deformability augmented the absorbed energy. This gain was as high as 469% when a bending load was applied to lowstrength concrete with 50% CRA. The pre-failure beneficial effect of RCWTB was more noticeable for a CRA content of
100% in the under-compression longitudinal stress-strain performance, due to the higher tensile stress supported by the
RCWTB fibers prior to failure. However, the most suitable CRA content in the under-bending load-deflection performance
and the under-compression stress-strain behavior in the transverse direction was 50%, which limited the micro-cracking of
the cementitious matrix. The interaction between both wastes was statistically key to define the deformational and energyabsorption behavior of the low-strength structural concrete made with CRA and RCWTB simultaneously.This research work was supported by MICIU, AEI, EU, ERDF and NextGenerationEU/PRTR [grant numbers PID2020-113837RB-I00; PID2023-146642OB-I00; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033; TED2021-129715B-I00; FPU21/04364]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant number UIC-231; BU033P23; BU066-22]; and, finally, the University of Burgos [grant number SUCONS, Y135.GI]