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El orden sucesorio "ab intestato": de Roma al derecho contemporáneo
Get PDFLa sucesión ab intestato tiene lugar cuando no existe testamento, cuando este ha sido
revocado o declarado nulo, o en el caso de que el heredero testamentario no haya aceptado
la herencia. En tales circunstancias es preciso que la voluntas testatoris sea suplida, y eso lo
hace la ley, el legislador, estableciendo un orden de llamamientos que trata de sustituir la
ausencia de voluntad del finado, pero intentando acercarse lo más posible a aquélla que
hubiera sido su última voluntad. Pues bien, dicha sucesión intestada, también llamada
sucesión legítima, sufrió una profunda transformación a lo largo de su historia, consecuencia
del cambio del parentesco agnaticio, - criterio parental utilizado por el ius civile romano
durante mucho tiempo para la vocación hereditaria-, por el cognaticio, parentesco de sangre,
que termina por imponerse en el derecho justinianeo, estableciéndose así un nuevo sistema
de llamada hereditaria intestada que en sus líneas fundamentales ha pasado a las legislaciones
modernas.Intestate (ab intestato) succession takes place when there is no will, when it has been revoked,
or declared null and void, or in cases where the testamentary heir has declined the inheritance.
Under such circumstances, it is necessary to supplant the will of the testator (voluntas
testatoris), which is what the Law and the legislator do, establishing an order of succession
in an attempt to substitute the absence of a will of the deceased, while trying in so far as may
be possible to approximate what might have been his last will and testament. That being so,
the aforementioned intestate succession, also referred to as legitimate succession, underwent
a profound transformation throughout its history, a consequence of the change from agnatic
bloodlines, -a parental criterion used under Roman civil law (ius civile) during some time for
hereditary vocation-, to cognate kinship, the blood relative, which was finally imposed in
Justinian law, thereby establishing a new system of intestate hereditary succession, the
fundamental lines of which have been passed down into modern legislation
“When writing, I see myself as a drone”: an Interview with Jan Carson
Get PDFNorthern Irish author Jan Carson was invited writer at the 20th International Conference of the Spanish Association for Irish Studies (AEDEI), organized by the Universidad de Burgos in 2022. There, she kindly talked about herself as a writer, about the intricacies of her creative work, and about the sensitive issues underlying the plot of The Raptures, her last novel. Violence, religion, rurality and death, are filtered through Hannah’s eyes, a young girl for whom reality and magic mingle inextricably.La escritora norirlandesa Jan Carson asistió como invitada al XX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Estudios Irlandeses (AEDEI) que tuvo lugar en 2022 en la Universidad de Burgos. Allí habló de su trabajo como escritora, de la complejidad de su actividad creativa y de los temas controvertidos que subyacen en The Raptures, su última novela. Violencia, religión, ruralidad y muerte se presentan a través de los ojos de Hanna, una niña para quien realidad y magia son todo uno
The role of digitalization in business and management: a systematic literature review
Get PDFArtículo de revisiónDigitalization is a powerful engine for economic growth in the world. In 2018, digitally transformed firms represented 13.5 billion US dollars of global GDP and, towards the end of 2023, they are expected to represent 53.3 billion US dollars, over half of the general nominal GDP (Statista, Nominal GDP driven by digitally transformed and other enterprises worldwide 2018–2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134766/nominal-gdp-driven-by-digitally-transformed-enterprises/, 2022). The main objective of this study is to provide information (highlighting principal research topics and research agendas) from the literature on state-of-the-art digitalization within firms through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). In all, 119 review articles on the most mature functional areas of the firm are analyzed: management, marketing, and finance and accounting, published in the WOS over the period 2018-April 2022. In this study, key relevant tendencies are identified in the most mature areas of the firm, which are the impact of digital technologies on the analysis of consumer behavior; digitalization and green innovation within organizations; and blockchain technology applied to financial services. The main contributions of this work are as follows: (1) to provide the most complete and up-to-date review of digitalization from a global perspective, summarizing the current state of knowledge within an integrated framework; (2) to reduce the complexity of digitalization by offering structure and clarity; and (3) to offer links between digitalization and established points of view in the literature on management, marketing, finance, and accounting. The novelty of this paper is centered on a joint analysis of digitalization, digital transformation, and digital technologies, taking into account the most mature functional areas of the firm.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature
Smart sensory polymer for straightforward Zn(II) detection in pet food samples
Get PDFWe report on an innovative method to measure the Zn(II) concentration in commercial pet food samples, both wet and dry food. It is based on a colorimetric sensory polymer prepared from commercial monomers and 0.5 % of a synthetic monomer having a quinoline sensory core (N-(8-(2-azidoacetamido)quinolin-5-yl)methacrylamide). We obtained the sensory polymer as crosslinked films by thermally initiated bulk radical polymerization of the monomers of 100 μm thickness, which we punched into Ø6 mm sensory discs. The immersion of the discs in water solutions containing Zn(II) turned the fluorescence on, allowing for the titration of this cation using the G parameter of a digital picture taken to the discs. The limits of detection and quantification were 29 and 87 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, we measured the concentration of Zn(II) even in the presence of other cations, detecting no significant interferences. Thus, in a further step, we obtained the concentration of Zn(II) from 15 commercial pet food samples, ranging from 19 to 198 mg/kg, following a simple extraction procedure and contacting the extractant with our sensory discs. These results were contrasted with that obtained by ICP-MS as a reference method.Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (State Research Agency) (grant PID2020-113264RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
A new multi-factor multi-objective strategy based on a factorial presence-absence design to determine polymer additive residues by means of head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Get PDFA new multi-factor multi-objective strategy to approach the joint assessment of the effect of six experimental
factors in the determination by head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(HS-SPME-GC-MS) of eight different additives commonly used in the plastic packaging manufacturing is proposed in this work. Five HS-SPME experimental factors, both qualitative and quantitative, are explored: the type
of fiber, addition of salt, extraction and desorption time, and extraction temperature. The effect of these factors is
studied through a factorial presence-absence model, that include interactions, using a D-optimal design. As a
result, the number of experiments is reduced from 128, full factorial design, to 14. The effect of carrying out the
measurements in different experimental sessions is considered by including a blocking factor. The response for
each compound is estimated in the experimental domain and then the best experimental conditions are chosen by
using Pareto front. Parallel coordinates are employed to show the conflicting conditions intrinsic to a multiobjective analysis when compounds of different nature are extracted by HS-SPME. Parallel factor analysis 2
(PARAFAC2) decomposition is used because it makes the determination of target compounds in the presence of
unknown interferents possible, which enables the unequivocal identification of target compounds according to
official regulations. The developed method is applied to determine 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol (BHT),
benzophenone (BP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP),
dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The level of these
compounds found in nine types of bottled natural still and sparkling mineral waters is very low, so the compounds were not present in quantities that may be injurious to human health.The authors thank the financial support provided by Consejería de la Junta de Castilla y Leon ´ (JCyL) through project BU052P20 co-financed with European FEDER funds. Lucía Valverde-Som thanks JCyL for her postdoctoral contract through this project
La participación de los trabajadores en los resultados económicos de la empresa. Propuesta de modificación legislativa
Get PDFEn el contexto actual, de pérdida de
poder adquisitivo de los trabajadores,
se debate sobre la conveniencia de hacer
partícipes a los trabajadores de los
resultados de la empresa, especialmente
cuando un importante número de empresas
deberá elaborar el Estado de Información
No Financiera/Informe de Sostenibilidad.
En este artículo se realiza un breve recorrido
por las legislaciones laboral y mercantil
españolas, y se propone la posibilidad de
incorporar en la normativa la participación
de los trabajadores en los resultados
económicos empresariales, aproximándose
así en mayor medida hacia organizaciones
socialmente responsables mediante
la complicidad con los trabajadores
A cost-effective stereo camera-based system for measuring crack propagation in fibre-reinforced concrete
Get PDFThis paper shows a new low-cost technology for the measurement of crack propagation in quasi-fragile materials based on a stereo pair of cameras and LED light spots. The two cameras record the displacement experienced by a series of LED white lights. For each frame, the X, Y and Z 3D coordinates of all the centroids of the LED points are obtained. From this information, it is possible to determine the variation of the distance between any two of them. In this case, 2 strips of 12 LED lights each were arranged in such a way that the points of both strips coincided in pairs in height. The algorithm made it possible to monitor the increase in distance that occurred between each pair of lights at the same height. The paper shows the mathematical basis of this technological solution. A test has been carried out by installing this system in a concrete cube 150 mm side and subjected to a wedge-splitting test. The results show that it is possible to monitor the crack propagation (position of the crack front) during the test and to know the crack width too. At present, the accuracy of this technique is only limited by the camera resolution and the computer processing capability.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors are grateful for financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, with grant no. PID2019-110928RB-C32, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, project PID2020-119894GB-I0, and the Junta de Castilla y León project BU055P20; co-financed through European Union FEDER funds
Analytical quality by design using a D-optimal design and parallel factor analysis in an automatic solid phase extraction system coupled to liquid chromatography. Determination of nine PAHs in coffee samples
Get PDFOptimizing a multi-residue analysis when using an automatic SPE (solid phase extraction) system and complex matrices becomes a difficult problem because of the large number of experimental factors that can influence the recovery of the analytes. Furthermore, in most cases, the conditions of the factors that enhance the response of one analyte are in conflict with those suitable for some others.
In this work, AQbD (Analytical Quality by Design) is applied to the development of an analytical procedure based on automatic SPE coupled to HPLC-FLD in the determination of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee samples.
Focussing on the SPE, the elution volume, the dry time, and volume in the wash stage, and the organic solvent (at two, three, three, and four levels, respectively) were considered.
The first problem is to handle these four factors (control method parameters, CMPs) at different levels to optimize responses (critical quality attributes, CQAs). This task has been carried out using a D-optimal design that, starting from a full factorial design of four factors with 72 experiments, reduced this number to 19, maintaining the precision of the estimates, saving time and costs in the laboratory.
The second problem is related to the choice of CQAs to apply the AQbD methodology. A complex matrix such as coffee contains impurities that interferes with the target analytes and may even coelute in the chromatographic determination. A PARAFAC decomposition allows avoiding this problem and uses the “second order advantage” to unequivocally identify each analyte. Then, the obtained sample loadings were used as responses. Specifically, each CQA is the difference between spiked and blank coffee samples. All these CQAs must be maximized.
Once the experimental data were obtained, two alternatives were posed: on the one hand, the classical optimization based on the estimation of the effects of CMPs on the CQAs, and on the other hand, applying the AQbD methodology to construct the design space that allows to increase the knowledge of the automatic SPE system.
Because the experimental domain of CMPs is discrete and the SPE system performs differently for each analyte, it is not possible to obtain the maximum of all CQAs at the same factor levels. Therefore, the design space of the CMPs is obtaining through the Pareto front of the non-dominated values of CQAs.
The nine PAHs selected were phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLN), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), perylene (PER), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). European regulations amending foodstuff set maximum levels for BaP and the sum of the content of four compounds (PAH4): BaP, BaA, BbF and CHR.The work is financed by the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León through BU052P20 project, co-financed with European FEDER funds. L. Valverde-Som and M.M. Arce wish to thank Junta de Castilla y León for their postdoctoral contract through BU052P20 project