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Vulnerability of Package Dependency Networks
No full textSoftware reuse by importing packages from centralised repositories is an efficient and increasingly widespread way to develop software. Given the transitivity of dependencies, defects introduced in the repository can have extensive effects on the software ecosystem. Drawing from complex network theory, we define a model of repository vulnerability based on the statistically expected damage that the repository sustains from the random introduction of software defects. We test the model in stylized networks derived from real repositories, PyPI, Maven and npm, and show that the existence of a giant strongly connected component (SCC) explains most of the vulnerability. Indeed, we found that theoretical protection (immunization) of this entire component would remove almost all vulnerability from the network. Since repositories and their communities have limited resources to mitigate issues, we further model the problem of how to best apply these resources, finding sets much smaller than the giant SCC whose protection is nearly as good. Furthermore, we prove that the optimal selection of sets of given size is NP-hard but can be approached with heuristics, yielding respectable results. Our model contributes to a better understanding of software package repositories and could also be applied to other systems with a similar structure.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (excellence network RED2018-102518-T), the Spanish State Research Agency (PID2020-119894GB-I00 and PID2020-118906GBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación through BDNS 425389
Current state of electrochemical sensors in wine analysis for early diagnosis
Get PDFThe assurance of the quality of a wine, both from the point of view of tasting and food safety, and its compliance with current regulations have led to the development of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of several analytes during the last five years. On one hand, the content of glucose, alcohol, acetaldehyde, organic acids, phenolic compounds, sulphur dioxide, mercaptans, biogenic amines, food preservatives and some yeast can affect the stability and the organoleptic properties. On the other hand, some of them can cause harmful effects on the health of the consumer. So, early diagnosis is extremely important in wine samples. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors, which generally uses nanostructured materials or chemically modified electrodes to enhance both sensitivity and selectivity, have been reported with this aim. The ability of these types of sensors to be miniaturized and their ease of use make them ideal candidates for point-of-care devices.Funding from Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-117095RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
Electrochemical sensors for the determination of 4-ethylguaiacol in wine
No full textThe development of an electrochemical procedure for the determination of 4-ethylguaiacol and its application to wine analysis is described. Modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with fullerene C60 (C60) have been shown to be efficient in this kind of analysis. The developed activated C60/SPCEs (AC60/SPCEs) were adequate for the determination of 4-ethylguaicol, showing a linear range from 200 to 1000 µg/L, a reproducibility of 7.6% and a capability of detection (CCβ) value of 200 µg/L, under optimized conditions. The selectivity of the AC60/SPCE sensors was evaluated in the presence of possibly interfering compounds, and their practical applicability was demonstrated in the analysis of different wine samples obtaining recoveries ranging from 96 to 106%.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under the project code PID2020-117095RB-I00
The House of the Towers in Tembleque: history of a symbol of nobility, power and prestige in La Mancha
Get PDFLa Casa de las Torres de Tembleque es un palacio barroco construido a mediados del siglo XVIII por orden de Antonio Fernández Alejo (1707-1780), un hidalgo toledano que amasó una fortuna como comerciante de libros en el virreinato de Nueva España. El presente artículo expone la historia de esta casa solariega, que, pese a su actual situación de abandono a la espera de una pronta rehabilitación, ha sido el edificio civil más notable de la localidad durante casi tres siglos.The House of the Towers in Tembleque is a baroque palace built in the mid-18th century by order of Antonio Fernández Alejo (1707-1780), a nobleman from Toledo who amassed a fortune as a book merchant in the viceroyalty of New Spain. This article exposes the history of this ancestral house, which, despite its current state of abandonment waiting for a quick rehabilitation, has been the most notable civil building in the town for almost three centuries
From La Ribera to La Montaña: the journey of a castillian painter at the beginning of the Renaissance
Get PDFEl primer propósito de este artículo es el de reunir como obra de un mismo taller pictórico varios retablos realizados entre 1520 y 1540 que se encuentran diseminados a lo largo de un amplio territorio entre Cantabria y Castilla. Un segundo objetivo pasa por indagar sobre las razones de que este acervo haya sido estudiado de manera fragmentaria o directamente ignorado. Por último, valiéndonos de la colaboración en un mismo retablo entre este maestro y un pintor del entorno del Maestro de Ventosilla, se hará una primera aproximación a la necesaria revisión del catálogo de este anónimo maestro.The first purpose of this article is to bring together a series of altarpieces made between 1520 and 1540 that are scattered over a wide area between Cantabria and Castile as the work of the same pictorial workshop. A second objective is to investigate the reasons why this collection has been studied in a fragmentary way or ignored. Finally, taking advantage of the collaboration on the same altarpiece between this master and a painter of the environment of the Maestro de Ventosilla, we will make a first approach to the necessary revision of the catalog of this anony-mous master
Image and memory of the order of friars minor in Toro. Notes and chronicles for the study of a forgotten convent
Get PDFA pesar de la estima con que las crónicas monásticas lo califican de “unus ex totius Provinciae paecipuis”, la memoria del desaparecido convento de San Francisco de Toro, llamado el Grande, rehúye el olvido solo gracias a disgregadas notas al margen de la historia mendicante peninsular. El estudio de sus influencias durante la primera modernidad y de los ecos posteriores a su pérdida permite, no obstante, reconstruir parte de la imagen y los ecos de esta fundación bajomedieval y resituarla como hito monumental de la espiritualidad franciscana en el paisaje urbano de esta villa.Despite the high esteem monastic chronicles show for it as “unus ex totius Provinciae paecipuis”, the memory of the extinct convent of San Francisco de Toro, vulgo el Grande, escapes oblivion through scattered notes on the margins of the Iberian Mendicant Order’s History. The study of its influences during the early modern period and the analysis of the echoes after its loss, however, allows to reconstruct the image of this late medieval foundation and to reinstate it as a monumen-tal icon of Franciscan spirituality in the urban landscape of this medieval villa.El artículo ha sido financiado por la convocatoria de Ayudas para la Contratación Predoctoral de Personal Investigador de la Junta de Castilla y León, cofinanciadas por el Fondo Social Europeo (PR-2020)
Analyzing the Relationship between Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity in Concrete with Ladle Furnace Slag
No full textThe addition of Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) to concrete modifies its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity and consequently impacts their relationship. This research evaluated both properties at 28, 90, and 180 days in concrete mixes produced with 5%, 10%, and 20% of two LFS types, both stabilized and non-stabilized. The relationship between them was then analyzed through these experimental results by adopting a statistical approach. A three-way analysis of variance revealed that both properties were affected by LFS differently. Thus, the effect of each LFS content on both features varied depending on its composition and pre-treatment. Furthermore, the effect of the LFS content on the compressive strength was also influenced by the age of the concrete. These facets implied that when analyzing the relationship between both mechanical properties, the monotonic correlations were stronger than the linear ones, reaching values between 0.90 and 1.00. Therefore, the double reciprocal regression models were the most precise ones for expressing the modulus of elasticity as a function of compressive strength. The model accuracy was further enhanced when discriminating based on the LFS type and introducing concrete age as a predictive variable. With all these considerations, the average deviations between the estimated and experimental values of 1–3% and the maximum deviations of 4–7% were reached, as well as R2 coefficients of up to 97%. These aspects are central to the further development of LFS concrete models.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICIN, AEI, EU, ERDF, and NextGenerationEU/PRTR, grant numbers PID2020-113837RB-I00, 10.13039/501100011033, and TED2021-129715B-I00; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF, grant number UIC-231, and BU033P23; and the University of Burgos, grant numbers SUCONS, Y135.GI
Relationship between time management and class attendance in university students: clustering techniques for detection of profiles
No full textLow class attendance by university students is one of the factors that may be related to abandonment ratios, which constitute a serious socio-economic issue. The aim of this work is to confront the influence of the time management capacity of first-year students with their class attendance. With a factorial analysis of a survey carried out, four factors emerged: the students' perception of how they manage their time, the time they spend on less productive tasks, the ability to finish tasks on time and the use of time management tools. Moreover, with classification trees it was seen that students who are able to finish the tasks on time, have a greater capacity for concentration and spend less time on trivial tasks, have higher class attendance. With these profiles identified, it is expected to guide them to improve their time management, increase their class attendance and, as a consequence, decrease dropout rates
Age and gender in indie video games: The Cat Lady
No full textIntroducción. Los videojuegos, al igual que otros medios, han representado a los personajes femeninos según los estereotipos tradicionales de género. Sin embargo, en la última década las demandas por parte de las comunidades de jugadoras, han impulsado una evolución en este tipo de personajes haciéndolos más diversos y más complejos, con mayor peso y agencia en la acción. El videojuego The Cat Lady (Harvester Games, 2012), protagonizado por una mujer de mediana edad con problemas de salud mental, es uno de los juegos indies que lo reflejan. Metodología. En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis cualitativo centrado en el diseño del videojuego (Modelo MDA) a partir de la metodología GEB (Gaming Educational Balance) y cuyo horizonte teórico se sitúa en los Game Studies y los Gender Studies. Objetivos. El objetivo es dilucidar hasta qué punto los juegos alejados del mainstream proponen nuevas representaciones de género, de forma que el estudio revela que The Cat Lady no sólo articula una protagonista interesante y alejada físicamente de la normatividad, sino que pone sobre la mesa temáticas eminentemente femeninas como los roles de género, la violencia machista, el feminicidio e, incluso, cuestiones de clase como la precariedad laboral. Resultados y conclusiones. The Cat Lady presenta un mundo hostil para las mujeres, donde los varones son una amenaza en tanto son ejecutores de una violencia extrema. La sororidad, entendida como alianza entre mujeres, se establece como estrategia para ganar. El videojuego funciona como un relato sobre la depresión como proceso, sobre ayudar y dejarse ayudar, dejar el pasado atrás y encontrar voluntad para vivir.Summary: Introduction. Video games, like other media, have represented female characters according to traditional gender stereotypes. However, in the last decade, demands from the female gaming community have driven an evolution in these characters, making them more diverse and complex, with greater weight and agency in the action. The video game The Cat Lady (Harvester Games, 2012), starring a middle-aged woman with mental health problems, is one of the indie games that reflect this. Methodology. This article carries out a qualitative analysis focused on the design of the video game (MDA Model) based on the GEB (Gaming Educational Balance) methodology and whose theoretical horizon is located in Game Studies and Gender Studies. Objectives. The aim is to elucidate the extent to which games far from the mainstream propose new representations of gender, in such a way that the study reveals that The Cat Lady not only articulates an interesting protagonist who is physically far from the norm, but also raises eminently feminine issues such as gender roles, male violence, feminicide and even class issues such as job insecurity. Results and conclusions. The Cat Lady presents a hostile world for women, where men are a threat as perpetrators of extreme violence. Sorority, understood as an alliance between women, is established as a strategy to win. The video game functions as a story about depression as a process, about helping and being helped, leaving the past behind and finding the will to live