9300 research outputs found
Sort by
Corrosion of materials from a teaching point of view
Get PDFPonencia presentada en: 17th International Technology, Education and Development Conference,
Valencia, Spain. 6-8 March, 2023.Corrosion can be defined as the deterioration of metallic components due to electrochemical reactions with the metal and its environment. In the fight against corrosion, research and new technological developments are oriented towards minimizing the effects of this phenomenon in order to delay its 'unavoidable appearance'.
Currently, the most common lines of research in this area focus on the knowledge of corrosion mechanisms and material protection systems. At the teaching level, in the Material Science area, theoretical knowledge about corrosion is well-documented but, is it correctly transmitted to the new generations of students taking into account the important economic losses caused by corrosion in the world of industry?.
There are several Standards that allow to study the behavior in service of certain materials, such as those applied to carry out corrosion studies by testing in salt spray chamber. This type of test allows to know easily, a material’s tendency towards its oxidation state. However, these type of test requires a relatively high exposure time to the aggressive environment; weeks, even months. In this respect, electrochemical techniques could take an important role since in a ‘few minutes’, material behavior could be determined in a corrosive environment. However, electrochemical corrosion tests, which are complementary to more conventional methodologies, require a much more complex analysis methodology.
In this regard, it is important contribute to the training of students, who are interested in the Material Science field, for the right implementation of this type of trials and mainly, for its appropriate analysis and data interpretation. Electrochemistry is an interdisciplinary field in which physical, chemical and mathematical knowledge is essential to accommodate the standardization of certain electrochemical tests that can complement the most conventional corrosion tests.
Definitely, at the teaching level, it is important to make students aware of the important problem that corrosion generates at the industrial level, since corrosion damage causes large economic losses, which are equivalent to 3.4% of the global GDP [1]. Are we aware of this problem?. At this point, it is essential to strengthen theoretical knowledge of corrosion through electrochemical laboratory practice, combined with the use of commercial simulation programmes, which can contribute to a better understanding of corrosion damage to try to 'mitigate' its appearance This work presents a new teaching methodology, based on the Finite Elements analysis, in order to understand corrosion problems from university teaching.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Government for the financial support received to perform the research projects PID2021-124768OB-C21 and TED2021-130413B-I00. This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU / PRTR (MR5W.P3 and MR4W.P2). L.B. Peral is grateful for his Margarita Salas Postdoctoral contract (Ref.: MU-21-UP2021-030) funded by the University of Oviedo through the Next Generation European Union
Application and challenges of eye tracking technology in Higher Education
No full textLos avances neurotecnológicos están posibilitando en los contextos educativos nuevos conocimientos sobre la forma de
aprender de cada estudiante. No obstante, su aplicación plantea retos para la docencia en contextos naturales. En este
trabajo se presenta un ejemplo de uso y aplicabilidad de la tecnología de seguimiento ocular en el ámbito de la Educación
Superior. Se trabajó con una muestra de 20 estudiantes de tres universidades (Burgos y Valladolid en España y Miño en
Portugal). Los objetivos fueron: 1) comprobar si existían diferencias significativas en indicadores de esfuerzo cognitivo (FC,
FD, SC, PD, VC) hallados con la tecnología de seguimiento ocular entre estudiantes con y sin conocimientos previos; 2)
comprobar si existían clústeres de patrones de conductas de aprendizaje entre los estudiantes; 3) analizar diferencias en la
visualización de los patrones de conducta. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental sin grupo control y un diseño descriptivo.
Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes con y sin conocimientos previos respecto de los
resultados de aprendizaje. También, se hallaron dos tipos de clústeres en los indicadores de esfuerzo cognitivo. Finalmente,
se efectuó un análisis comparativo sobre los patrones de conducta de aprendizaje en estudiantes del clúster 1 vs. clúster
2. El uso de la tecnología de seguimiento ocular posibilita el registro de un gran volumen de datos respecto del proceso de
aprendizaje. No obstante, en la actualidad su uso en contextos educativos naturales exige al profesorado conocimientos
tecnológicos y de minería de datos.Advances in neuro-technology provide new insights into how individual students learn in educational contexts. However,
applying it poses challenges for teachers in natural settings. This paper presents an example of the use and applicability of
eye-tracking technology in Higher Education. We worked with a sample of 20 students from three universities (Burgos and
Valladolid in Spain and Miño in Portugal). The objectives were: (1) to determine whether there were significant differences
in indicators of cognitive effort (FC, FD, SC, PD, VC) found with eye-tracking technology between students with and
without prior knowledge; (2) to determine whether there were clusters of learning behavior patterns among students; and
(3) to analyze differences in the visualization of behavior patterns. A quasi-experimental design without a control group and
a descriptive design were used. The results indicated significant differences in learning outcomes between students with
and without prior knowledge. In addition, two clusters were found in indicators of cognitive effort. Finally, a comparative
analysis of learning behavior patterns between students in cluster 1 vs. cluster 2 was performed. Eye-tracking technology
makes it possible to record large data about the learning process. However, using it in natural educational settings currently
requires teachers to have technological and data mining skills.Este trabajo se ha desarrollado con la ayuda a dos proyectos de investigación: Proyecto europeo SmartArt 2019-1-ES01-KA204- 095615-Coordinador 6 y «Asistentes de voz e inteligencia artificial en Moodle: un camino hacia una universidad inteligente». Convocatoria 2020 Proyectos de I+D+i - RTI Tipo B. Referencia: PID2020-117111RB-I00
BOUBU Nº 213, suplemento Relación de Puestos de Trabajo del personal docente e investigador de 2023
No full textFilm-shaped reusable smart polymer to produce lactose-free milk by simple immersion
Get PDFIn this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a highly manageable polyacrylic film material for enzyme immobilization, using β-galactosidase (β-gal) as a model enzyme. The material is based on commercially available monomers and achieves efficient immobilization of β-gal through the formation of azo linkages between amino styrene groups in the polyacrylic material and the enzyme. The immobilized enzyme demonstrates superior performance compared to free enzyme in lactose hydrolysis of UHT milk, achieving lactose concentrations below 0.1% (<1 mg/mL), indicating its potential for lactose hydrolysis in dairy products. The film-shaped material is designed for easy submersion and removal, similar to a smart card, and offers reusability, with the ability to be reused at least 10 times without loss of enzymatic activity. Characterization of the immobilized enzyme on the polymeric material was performed using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Protein release studies confirmed the stability of the immobilized enzyme during prolonged incubation in aqueous solution without significant enzyme leakage. Overall, the polyacrylic film material demonstrates promise as a simple and efficient approach for enzyme immobilization, with potential applications in various industries, including the food industry.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by all funders. This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR. Author J. M. García received grant PID2020-113264RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. A. Arnaiz received funding from Ministerio de Universidades-European Union in the frame of NextGenerationEU RD 289/2021 (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid). J. L. Vallejo-García received the grant PRE2021-09812 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. Author Saul Vallejos received grant BG22/00086 funded by Spanish Ministerio de Universidades
UV femtosecond laser cleaning of encrusted historical stained-glasses
Get PDFLaser irradiation enables the removal of unwanted surface deposits from different materials in a safe and
controllable manner. Laser parameters should be carefully selected to achieve the removal of the target
contaminants without inducing damage to the substrate. Ultra-short pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled decontamination of cultural heritage materials because the thickness of material that is affected by the laser is limited. In this study, an ultraviolet femtosecond pulsed laser was
used for the removal of unwanted encrustation formed on the surface of an historical colourless stainedglass sample from the Cuenca Cathedral in Spain. One of the sides of this glass exhibits a reddish-brown grisaille that also has to be preserved. A laser cleaning process has been designed to avoid heat accumulation while controlling the thickness of ablated material. In this context, a multi-step process was selected in order to be able to eliminate, in a controlled way, the crust layer without damaging the grisaille layer, or the glass substrate. In this case, laser irradiation in beam scanning mode with a pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz proved to be effective for the safe cleaning of the glass. The latter was analysed before and after laser cleaning by optical and confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy, confirming that the crust layer was effectively eliminated without damaging the surface.This work was supported by H2020-MSCA-ITN-EJD/ED-ARCHMAT action under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 766311. Partial support is obtained from Gobierno de Aragón (research group T54_20R). The use of Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación at the University of Zaragoza is acknowledged. This work has been performed in the framework of the Unidad Asociada de I+D+I al CSIC “Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC)”, by INMA (CSIC-University of Zaragoza) and University of Burgos
Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag
Get PDFIn this paper, the performance of ladle furnace slag (LFS), a by-product of secondary steel refning, is evaluated as a binder
to stabilize clayey soils of low bearing capacity. The aim is to defne whether additions of this by-product to clayey soil can
stabilize the soil in accordance with the technical specifcations of Spanish standards. To do so, three diferent soils stabilized
with 5% LFS were compared with the same soils stabilized with 2% lime and with no stabilization, in order to investigate
their diferent behaviors. The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of all the soil mixes were conducted using X-ray
fuorescence, X-ray difraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The Atterberg limit test was used to study the plastic
behavior of the soils, and the results of compaction, bearing capacity, unconfned compressive strength, and direct shear
strength (cohesion and friction angle) tests defned their strength characteristics. The analysis was completed with the pH
monitoring of the mixes along the curing time in order to relate the pH changes with the strength evolution. The addition
of LFS to the soils has resulted in an increase in the liquid limit and plastic limit, causing therefore a slight decrease in the
plasticity index. All the soils showed increases between 30% and 70% in their California Bearing Ratios immediately after
mixing with 5% LFS, and after 90 days of curing, improvements of 30–188% in their unconfned compressive strength were
noted in comparison with untreated soil, which were higher than the lime-stabilized soils. The cohesion of soils stabilized
with LFS at 28 days of curing obtained improvements ranging from 40 to 300% depending on the type of soil. However, the
friction angle showed a slight increase of 10% in two of the soils and zero in another. The high initial pH in LFS-stabilized
soils was maintained during the curing time, which favored the development of pozzolanic reactions that improve the soil
strength. These results confrmed that the substitution of lime with LFS is a feasible option for soil stabilization
Producto de apoyo de bajo coste: abrochabotones y subecremalleras para neuropatía multifocal, proyecto “Contigo soy capaz”
Get PDFEn el siguiente documento se presenta el caso clínico de un hombre de 89 años con
diagnóstico de neuropatía motora multifocal (NMM) con afectación de ambas manos. Como
consecuencia de su patología tiene limitaciones en ciertas actividades de la vida diaria,
especialmente en el área de autocuidado y más concretamente, en subirse la cremallera y
abrocharse el botón del pantalón. Por lo tanto, a fin de aumentar su independencia en la ABVD
del vestido se diseña un producto de apoyo; no sin antes haber llevado a cabo una evaluación
inicial del paciente, definición de objetivos e implementación de una intervención adecuada a
sus necesidades y basada en tres técnicas, aprendizaje motor orientado a la tarea (AMOT),
facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva (PNF) y Perfetti