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Traballos de Fin de Grao con perspectiva de xénero nas disciplinas CTEM
Get PDFPóster presentado na Mesa “Mulleres, ciencia e investigación” da VIII Xornada Universitaria Galega en Xénero
https://xugex.gal/gl/programa/sesion-poster/Nos últimos anos impulsouse a integración da perspectiva de xénero nos contidos da investigación e a innovación, principalmente a través do programa Horizonte 2020. Dado que o traballo de Fin de Grao é o primeiro contacto do estudantado universitario coa investigación, pretendemos coñecer cal é o nivel de implantación da perspectiva de xénero nestes traballos. Para iso revisamos os premios que conceden as tres universidades públicas galegas, centrándonos nas disciplinas CTEM (Ciencia, Tecnoloxía, Enxeñería e Matemáticas) máis masculinizadas, como por exemplo as enxeñerías. E desta análise concluímos por unha banda que a perspectiva de xénero pode aplicarse a todas as disciplinas CTEM, desde a Estatística á Enxeñería Informática. Pero tamén que hai reticencias para a súa integración nos traballos de fin de grao. Por iso, cremos que deben visibilizarse os traballos que a integran nos repositorios universitarios e tamén impulsar a súa realización con premios específicos, e recoñecementos ao profesorado e centros que os fomente
Moral disengagement and crime in adult prison population: a meta-analytic review
Get PDFLa producción científica acerca de cómo puede estar asociada la desconexión moral a perfiles delictivos adultos es
reciente, y por ello menos evaluada. En este estudio metaanalítico se plantea determinar la fuerza de la relación entre desconexión
moral y delincuencia en población penitenciaria adulta. Los resultados mostraron una relación moderada entre
desconexión moral y delincuencia, con un tamaño del efecto de r = .26 (p < .001). El análisis de variables moderadoras
(i.e., tipo de delito, sexo, edad e instrumento de medida de la desconexión moral) no presenta resultados estadísticamente
significativos en esta asociación. Finalmente, se concluye que la desconexión moral es un factor de riesgo para la comisión
de conductas delictivas, proponiéndose futuras líneas de investigaciónResearch on moral disengagement associated with adult criminal profiles is recent a recent issue and, therefore, has been
less evaluated. This meta-analytic study aims to determine the strength of the relationship between moral disengagement
and crime in the adult prison population. The results showed a moderate relationship between moral disengagement and
crime, with an effect size of r = .26 (p < .001). The analysis of moderating variables (i.e., type of offence, gender, age, and
instrument measuring moral disengagement) do not show statistically significant results in this association. Finally, it is
concluded that moral disengagement is a risk factor for criminal behaviour commission, and future lines of research are
proposedEste trabajo ha sido financiado por FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigación/_Proyecto PSI2015-65766-R; y Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: Formación del profesorado universitario (FPU17/02607)S
La ileostomía de protección en el cáncer colorrectal
No full textEl cáncer colorrectal es uno de los tumores más frecuentes y una de las
principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial. La complicación más temida de la cirugía del cáncer de recto es
la dehiscencia anastomótica. Se han empleado los estomas derivativos para prevenir las complicaciones
secundarias a dehiscencia, causando un impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, así como morbimortalidad
asociada tanto al propio estoma como a la intervención de reconstrucción del tránsito. Con esta Tesis Doctoral
evaluamos: la morbilidad relacionada con el estoma, morbilidad de la reconstrucción del tránsito y los factores
relacionados. Con los resultados obtenidos, y la evidencia científica, podemos afirmar que la ileostomía de
protección minimiza las consecuencias de la dehiscencia de la anastomosis colorrectal baja o coloanal y
disminuye la necesidad de reintervención, aunque la morbilidad es del 30%, siendo grave en el 2% de los casos.
La cirugía de la reconstrucción del tránsito no debe considerarse una intervención menor y presenta una
morbilidad asociada elevada, aunque la mortalidad es escasa
Benchmarking composting, anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation for apple vinasse management as a strategy for sustainable energy production
Get PDFLooking for renewable energy sources is one of the main targets in the transition to low-carbon economies. Bioenergy appears as an alternative with great potential, but firstly, it requires addressing all aspects that can limit its environmental viability. Stillage has been identified as an environmental concern of the bioethanol production. Thus, eco-friendly strategies for valorizing this resource should be pursued. In this work, three strategies such as composting (non-energy valorization), one-stage anaerobic digestion (with the aim of biogas production), and dark fermentation followed by anaerobic digestion (scheme under development to produce biohydrogen and biogas) were evaluated under a life-cycle perspective; and through process modeling based on literature data. The aim is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of dark fermentation for the management of apple stillage. To do this, a cradle-to-gate and attributional framework were followed, considering impact and damage perspectives. Results showed a very significant environmental load (around 99%) of composting compared to the selected energy recovery schemes, considering the added value of compost and the associated emissions versus those of biofuels. Otherwise, small differences were found between single-stage anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation (up to 16%), mainly, due to changes in chemical consumption and organic matter degradation efficiencyThe authors would like to express their gratitude the by HP-NANOBIO project (PID2019-111163RB-I00), granted by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. R.R.L. and S.G.G. would like to thanks to the project Transition to sustainable agri-food sector bundling life cycle assessment and ecosystem services approaches (ALISE) funded by the Spanish National Research Agency (TED2021-130309B-I00). S.E, R.R.L, S.G.G., M.T.M and GF belong to CRETUS and the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC ED431C-2021/37). S. Estévez also thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for financial support (Grant reference PRE2020-092074). D. Hernández acknowledges funding from FONDECYT, Chile (project Nº 11200398)S
¿Qué funciona en el tratamiento psicológico de los problemas de conducta en niños? Revisión umbrella de estudios meta-analíticos
Get PDFConduct problems (CP) constitute a major field for child clinical psychology, in terms of not only prevalence, but also developmental, social, and
clinical relevance. This study carried out an umbrella review of meta-analyses on the efficacy of treatment/indicated prevention of child CP (mean
age range up to 12 years). Following a registered protocol, several databases (i.e., Web of Science, PsycINFO, PROSPERO, and The Cochrane
Library) were searched for meta-analyses published from January 2002 to March 2022. Nine meta-analytic publications met the required criteria, and
the main characteristics and findings of the studies were systematically described. Weighted effect sizes (ESs) were calculated through RStudio
program. Analyses of heterogeneity, publication bias, quality (AMSTAR-2), and credibility were also conducted. Results indicate that parent training
has been the most studied intervention, with a weighted ES of d = -0.49 (95% CI -.67 to -.32). The reviewed studies identified several moderators
for the efficacy of parent training, including individual (severity of CP), family (financial disadvantage), and intervention (delivery format) characteristics.
Results from child-centered play therapy were also analyzed, d = -.34 (95% CI -.40 to -.28), but the reduced number of meta-analyses and
the weakness detected by quality assessment suggest the need of cautiously considering the pooled effects. In general, evidence seems to be
suggestive of the efficacy of treatment of CP, particularly for parent training. Nevertheless, efficacy seems to be moderate, heterogeneity indexes
are high, and quality assessments of meta-analyses are often suboptimal. This study suggests several avenues to strengthen knowledge in this fieldLos problemas
de conducta (PC) son un foco prioritario de atención en la psicología clínica infantil. Este estudio presenta una revisión umbrella de meta-
análisis sobre la eficacia del tratamiento/prevención indicada de los PC infantiles (rango de edad media hasta 12 años). Siguiendo un protocolo
registrado, se buscaron meta-análisis (enero 2002 a marzo 2022) en Web of Science, PsycINFO, PROSPERO y The Cochrane Library. Nueve
meta-análisis cumplieron con los criterios requeridos y sus características y hallazgos fueron descritos sistemáticamente; además, con RStudio
se calcularon los tamaños del efecto (TEs) ponderados. Se realizaron análisis de heterogeneidad, sesgo de publicación, calidad (AMSTAR-2) y
credibilidad. El entrenamiento parental fue la intervención más estudiada, con un TE medio ponderado de d = -.49 (IC del 95%: -.67 a -.32), y se
identificaron diversos moderadores de eficacia, incluyendo características individuales (gravedad de los PC), familiares (desventaja económica) y
de intervención (formato de administración). También se analizaron los resultados de la terapia de juego centrada en el niño, d = -.34 (IC del 95%:
-.40 a -.28), pero el reducido número de meta-análisis y la debilidad detectada por la evaluación de la calidad sugieren la necesidad de considerar
con cautela los efectos agrupados. En general, la evidencia es sugestiva de eficacia del tratamiento de los PC, específicamente del entrenamiento
parental. No obstante, la eficacia parece ser moderada, los índices de heterogeneidad elevados y las evaluaciones de calidad de los meta-análisis
no suelen ser óptimas. Este estudio sugiere varias vías para reforzar el conocimiento en este campoThis study was supported by grant PID2019-107897RB-I00, with funds from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033S
Avoiding acid crash: From apple pomace hydrolysate to butanol through acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation in a zero-waste approach
Get PDFApple pomace (AP) is a lignocellulosic residue from the juice and cider industries that can be valorized in a multi-product biorefinery to generate multiple value-added compounds, including biofuels such as butanol. Butanol is produced biologically by acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using bacteria of the genus Clostridium from sugar-based feedstocks. In this study, AP hydrolysate was used as a substrate for producing butanol by ABE fermentation. Various environmental factors influence the amount of butanol produced, but only under certain conditions the so-called 'acid crash', an undesirable phenomenon characterized by a total arrest of cell growth and solvent production, can be avoided. Operational parameters that may influence the prevention of acid crash occurrence, such as pH, CaCO3 concentration and culture temperature, were optimized in C. beijerinckii CECT 508 cultures applying a Box-Behnken experimental design. The mathematical model of the fermentation found the optimal conditions of pH 7, 6.8 g/L of CaCO3 and 30 °C, and this was validated in an independent experiment carried out at the optimal conditions, reaching 10.75 g/L of butanol. Also, the comparison of butanol production between the supernatant of the AP hydrolysate (10.57 g/L) and the full hydrolysate with solids (11.69 g/L) indicated that it is possible to eliminate the centrifugation step after hydrolysis, which may allow to reduce process costs and the full utilization of apple pomace, aiming a zero-waste approachThis research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2020/06), by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future” (grants RYC2018-024846-I to G.E. and RYC2018-026177-I to B.G.) and co-financed by tax funds on the basis of the budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament (SAB N° 100393946). J.B-V, I.P-A, T.L-C and G.E. belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC) ED431C-2021/37S
An automatic method for generating multiple alignment alternatives for a railway bypass
Get PDFThis paper deals with the problem of designing a bypass on a railway line. Based on a geometrical model capable of determining automatically the need of major structures (bridges, tunnels, overpasses and underpasses), the optimal design of a railway bypass is formulated in the framework of Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP), and it is solved with a numerical algorithm which provides different layout alternatives that are optimal solutions (local minima) from the economic point of view. The proposed method is tested on a case study with the aim of showing its practical usefulness as a support tool for engineers in order to accomplish the complex and time-consuming task to generate a set of initial alternatives for the design of a railway bypassThis research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) grant number TED2021-129324B-I00, and by the collaboration agreement between Xunta de Galicia (Spain) and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) which regulates the Specialization Campus “Campus Terra”. Additionally, the authors are grateful to Concello de Guitiriz (Spain) for financial support through the contract Optimal design of multiple alignment alternatives for a bypass on the railway line A Coruña-Palencia passing through Parga-Guitiriz (Lugo), ref. 2021-CP138 . Finally, third and fourth authors thank the support given by Xunta de Galicia (Spain) under research projects ref. ED341D R2016/023 and GI-1563ED431C2021/15, respectivelyS
Oxidation-labile linkers for controlled drug delivery
Get PDFThe continuous symbiosis throughout chemical biology and drug discovery has led to the design of innovative bifunctional molecules for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Among the different tools, protein-drug and peptide-drug conjugates are trend approaches to achieve targeted delivery, selectivity and efficacy. To meet the main goals of these bioconjugates, the selection of the appropriate payloads and linkers is crucial, as they must provide in vivo stability, while they may also help to achieve the therapeutic target and action. In neurodegenerative diseases or some cancer types, where oxidative stress plays an important role, linkers sensitive to oxidative conditions may be able to release the drug once the conjugate achieves the target. Considering specially this specific application, this mini-review covers the most relevant publications on oxidation-labile linkersM.J.M. thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-116076RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) for the financial support. A.C. thanks FCT for the PhD grant (2021.05149.BD)S
College students’ stereotyped beliefs
Get PDFOver recent years, socio-political discourse has been full of language aimed at reaching
gender equality. This is a complex goal that should address the underlying bases of inequality—
gender stereotypes that continue to legitimize unequal consideration and treatment. It is also a
reality that universities are not exempt from. The objective of this study was to analyze university
students’ stereotyped beliefs and look at the differences based on self-identified gender and branch
of knowledge. The analysis looked at a sample of 3433 university students (67.9% women), aged
between 17 and 56 (M = 18.95; SD = 2.35) and reported low rates of prevalence of stereotyped
beliefs, with significantly higher means in men and in engineering students. The survival of gender
stereotypes in a population who were born and raised in a legally egalitarian society points to the
importance of education programs aimed at university teachers that would give them the capacity
to incorporate a gender perspective in all disciplines, especially those disciplines reporting greater
adherence to stereotyped beliefsThis research is funded by the “Research Grants from the University of Santiago de Compostela for the implementation of projects aimed at developing measures of the State Pact against Gender Violence 2022” (Ministry of Equality, Government of Spain)S
La innovación educativa en las radios universitarias del Ecuador y su influencia en la producción radial
Get PDFLa presente investigación estudió cada radio universitaria
existente en el Ecuador, el trabajo se basó en tres aspectos
fundamentales: los contenidos, la innovación educativa y la
producción. Se conceptualizó este medio en todos los ámbitos
de la comunicación, contrastando las necesidades sociales a las
que debe responder y se determinó qué es la innovación
educativa en la universidad, así como su repercusión en el
público objetivo y cómo esta aporta a la incidencia social que
promueve la radio universitaria. Se empleó la metodología
analítica y la observación científica, para luego centrarse en el
análisis individual, reivindicando de esta manera a la radio
universitaria con su verdadera razón de ser: un medio de
comunicación alternativo y hoy día también como un
instrumento para promover la innovación educativa