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A Genome-Wide Association Study of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Get PDFIntroduction
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises 10–15% of all lung cancer cases and is the most aggressive histological type. Survival is poor and the molecular landscape of this disease is extraordinarily complex. The objective of this paper was to perform a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of this disease using a case–control study specifically designed for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Methods
Incident cases were consecutively recruited from 8 hospitals from different regions of Spain. Controls were recruited from the same hospitals using a frequency sampling based on age and sex distribution of cases. Biological samples were obtained along with detailed information on cases and controls lifestyle, including tobacco and radon exposure.
Results
We included 271 SCLC cases and 557 controls. We found evidence (p-values < 10−5) of an association in the complete dataset for several loci, while MAP4 showed a significant association in the gene-based analysis. Pathway analysis suggested that ATR, ATRIP, MCM4, MCM5, ORC4, RPA3 and CDC25A genes have a role on the onset of SCLC.
Conclusion
This study provides biological evidence for pathways related to SCLC, offering novel loci for further researchThis work was supported by PI15/01211 – ISCIII – co-financed FEDER.
This research is part of the PhD work of José Ramón Enjo-BarreiroS
Acuerdo del Consejo de Gobierno del 11-10-2023, que ratificó la modificación del Reglamento de Régimen Interno de la Facultad de Ciencias. Texto integrado
No full textDocumento en galego.
Data de publicación no taboleiro electrónico da USC o 20/10/202
Cognitive Function with PCSK9 Inhibitors: A 24-Month Follow-Up Observational Prospective Study in the Real World—MEMOGAL Study
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The cognitive safety of monoclonal antibody proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) has been established in clinical trials, but not yet in real-world observational studies. We assessed the cognitive function in patients initiating PCSK9i, and differences in cognitive function domains, to analyze subgroups by the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) achieved, and differences between alirocumab and evolocumab.
Methods
This has a multicenter, quasi-experimental design carried out in 12 Spanish hospitals from May 2020 to February 2023. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Results
Among 158 patients followed for a median of 99 weeks, 52% were taking evolocumab and 48% alirocumab; the mean change from baseline in MoCA score at follow-up was + 0.28 [95% CI (− 0.17 to 0.73; p = 0.216)]. There were no significant differences in the secondary endpoints—the visuospatial/executive domain + 0.04 (p = 0.651), naming domain − 0.01 (p = 0.671), attention/memory domain + 0.01 (p = 0.945); language domain − 0.10 (p = 0.145), abstraction domain + 0.03 (p = 0.624), and orientation domain − 0.05 (p = 0.224)—but for delayed recall memory the mean change was statistically significant (improvement) + 0.44 (p = 0.001). Neither were there any differences in the three stratified subgroups according to lowest attained LDL-C level—0–54 mg/dL, 55–69 mg/dL and ≥ 70 mg/dL; p = 0.454—or between alirocumab and evolocumab arms.
Conclusion
We did not find effect of monoclonal antibody PCSK9i on neurocognitive function over 24 months of treatment, either in global MoCA score or different cognitive domains. An improvement in delayed recall memory was shown. The study showed no differences in the cognitive function between the prespecified subgroups, even among patients who achieved very low levels of LDL-C. There were no differences between alirocumab and evolocumab.
Registration
ClinicalTtrials.gov Identifier number NCT04319081Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer NatureS
Estudio de la evolución del clon O3:K6 de Vibrio parahaemolyticus en su expansión en Sudamérica
No full textVibrio parahaemolyticus es una bacteria halófila que se encuentra
globalmente distribuida por el ecosistema marino de las regiones templadas y tropicales del planeta. La
extraordinaria capacidad de dispersión intercontinental del clon O3:K6 de V. parahaemolyticus ha constituido un
hito dentro de la historia epidemiológica de este bacilo. A lo largo de este trabajo nos centraremos en el estudio de
los brotes de infección asociados al clon O3:K6 en el continente Sudamericano estudiando su dinámica de
dispersión a través de la integración de datos oceanográficos y epidemiológicos, implementando la metodología
MLVA en un análisis genético-poblacional e infiriendo las relaciones filogeográficas de una selección de cepas de
origen clínico aisladas en los países de Perú y Chile a través de un estudio de genómica comparativa.2024-10-2
La empatía como predictor de la agresión en la infancia temprana
Get PDFTraballo de Fin de Grao en Psicoloxía. Curso 2022-2023La conducta agresiva emerge durante la infancia temprana como algo meramente evolutivo, pero esta etapa también constituye el escenario en el que pueden detectarse signos del potencial despliegue de conductas persistentes caracterizadas por la agresión, durante momentos posteriores del desarrollo. Con el fin de que este tipo de comportamientos no lleguen a estabilizarse y para evitar las consecuencias de su persistencia, se han tratado de identificar variables predictoras de los mismos en aras de abordarlos con un objetivo preventivo. En el presente estudio se investiga el valor predictivo de la empatía sobre la agresión en una muestra de 1882 niños de preescolar (Medad=4.24; DT=0.92; 48,9% niñas), siguiendo un diseño longitudinal que consta de dos momentos de recogida de datos (T1 y T2) realizados en el periodo de un año y adoptando una perspectiva de género en el análisis e interpretación de los resultados. Particularmente, se contempla la multidimensionalidad de ambos constructos para estudiar si la empatía cognitiva y/o afectiva constituyen predictores significativos de las funciones proactiva y/o reactiva del comportamiento agresivo. Se han llevado a cabo análisis de regresión jerárquica resultantes en modelos predictivos que difieren según el género, ya que en niños se ha identificado que la empatía cognitiva predice significativamente la agresión reactiva (T2) y proactiva (T2), mientras que en niñas únicamente se ha identificado la empatía afectiva como predictor significativo de la agresión reactiva (T2). Adicionalmente, se exponen las implicaciones prácticas de los resultados y sugerencias de cara a futuras investigacionesAggressive behavior emerges during early childhood as something merely evolutionary, although this stage also constitutes a scene in which signs of the potential unfolding, later in development, of persistent behaviors characterized by aggression. Aiming that these types of conducts do not become estable and in order to avoid the consequences of their persistence, attempts to identify variables to predict them have been made with a preventive purpose. The present study investigates the predictive value of empathy on aggression in a sample of 1882 preschoolers (Mage=4.24; SD= 0.92; 48,9% girls), following a longitudinal design that consists of two data collection waves (T1 and T2) over a one-year period and adopting a gender approach in the analysis and interpretation of results. In particular, the multidimensionality of both constructs is contemplated to study if cognitive and/or affective empathy constitute significant predictors of the proactive and/or reactive functions of aggressive behavior. Hierarchical regression analyses have been carried out resulting in predictive models that differ according to gender, since in boys it has been identified that cognitive empathy significantly predicts reactive (T2) and proactive aggression (T2), whereas in girls only affective empathy has been identified as a significant predictor of reactive aggression (T2). Additionally, practical implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are presente
Resolución de la Secretaría General de 20 de noviembre de 2023 por la que se modifica la resolución de la Secretaría General de 15 de octubre de 2020 de delegación de firma de la potestad de certificación de la secretaria o secretario General en determinados órganos y unidades
No full textDocumento en Galego.
Publicado no Taboleiro de Anuncios o 20-11-2023
Attributional and consequential life cycle perspectives of second-generation polylactic acid: The benefits of integrating a recycling strategy
Get PDFThe climate crisis calls for a shift from petrochemicals to bio-based products to reduce environmental consequences. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used biopolymers, due to its mechanical properties and renewable origin, to produce bio-based compostable plastic for food packaging. The objective of this study is to determine the environmental feasibility of a second-generation PLA production based on wheat straw; and the role of a chemical recycling plant on the environmental performance of a bioproduct at an early design stage. A holistic assessment was performed through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology considering both attributional and consequential perspectives, through a cradle-to-grave approach. The attributional LCA results show that lactic acid production was the main contributor due to the wheat straw pre-treatment and downstream separation and purification (DSP) processes. The integration of a recycling plant leads to a significant reduction of burdens, ranging from 1.38 to 0.44 kg CO2eq in the Global Warming category. Furthermore, consequential LCA results shows that the increased demand for substitute products for activities such as feeding, fertilisation and energy generation and the indirect emissions from land use change related to the conversion of land for the cultivation of raw materials are relevant factors in the environmental effects associated with the possible implementation of straw-based bioPLA production systemThis research is supported by the project Enhancing diversity in Mediterranean cereal farming systems (CerealMed), funded by PRIMA Programme and FEDER/Ministry of Science and Innovation– Spanish National Research Agency (PCI2020-111978) and the project Transition to sustainable agri-food sector bundling life cycle assessment and ecosystem services approaches (ALISE), funded by the Spanish National Research Agency (TED2021-130309B–I00). Rebolledo-Leiva R., Moreira, M.T., González-García, S. belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC ED431C-2021/37) and to the Cross-disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS Research Center, ED431E 2018/01)S
Quantitative titanium imaging in fish tissues exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Get PDFImaging studies by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have been successfully developed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the presence/distribution of titanium (ionic titanium and/or titanium dioxide nanoparticles) in sea bream tissues (kidney, liver, and muscle) after exposure assays with 45-nm citrate-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Laboratory-produced gelatine standards containing ionic titanium were used as a calibration strategy for obtaining laser ablation–based images using quantitative (titanium concentrations) data. The best calibration strategy consisted of using gelatine-based titanium standards (from 0.1 to 2.0 μg g−1) by placing 5.0-μL drops of the liquid gelatine standards onto microscope glass sample holders. After air drying at room temperature good homogeneity of the placed drops was obtained, which led to good repeatability of measurements (calibration slope of 4.21 × 104 ± 0.39 × 104, n = 3) and good linearity (coefficient of determination higher than 0.990). Under the optimised conditions, a limit of detection of 0.087 μg g−1 titanium was assessed. This strategy allowed to locate prominent areas of titanium in the tissues as well as to quantify the bioaccumulated titanium and a better understanding of titanium dioxide nanoparticle spatial distribution in sea bream tissuesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Authors thank funding
from European Union—Interreg POCTEP (ACUINANO, reference 07-12-ACUINANO_1_E); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FOODNANORISK, reference PID2021-125276NB-I00); and Xunta de Galicia (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva, reference ED431C 2022/029)S
Factores moleculares y ambientales que repercuten en la manifestación clínica de la sensibilización a los ácaros del polvo doméstico
Get PDFLos ácaros del polvo son importantes alérgenos responsables
de la patología respiratoria alérgica. La presente tesis doctoral
profundiza en el estudio de la prevalencia de sensibilización a
estos ácaros en la población general, el perfil de sensibilización
de los pacientes con patología respiratoria (rinitis y asma) y el
tratamiento específico de la misma
Tobacco Patterns and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFIntroduction
There is still uncertainty about which aspects of cigarette smoking influence the risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to estimate the COPD risk as related to duration of use, intensity of use, lifetime tobacco consumption, age of smoking initiation and years of abstinence.
Methods
We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study based on data from the EPISCAN-II study (n = 9092). All participants underwent a face-to-face interview and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70%. Parametric and nonparametric logistic regression models with generalized additive models were used.
Results
8819 persons were included; 858 with COPD and 7961 without COPD. The COPD risk increased with smoking duration up to ≥50 years [OR 3.5 (95% CI: 2.3–5.4)], with smoking intensity up to ≥39 cig/day [OR 10.1 (95% CI: 5.3–18.4)] and with lifetime tobacco consumption up to >29 pack-years [OR 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1–4.8)]. The COPD risk for those who started smoking at 22 or later was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.4). The risk of COPD decreased with increasing years of cessation. In comparison with both never smokers and current smokers, the lowest risk of COPD was found after 15–25 years of abstinence.
Conclusion
COPD risk increases with duration, intensity, and lifetime tobacco consumption and decreases importantly with years of abstinence. Age at smoking initiation shows no effect. After 15–25 years of cessation, COPD risk could be equal to that of a never smoker. This work suggests that the time it takes to develop COPD in a smoker is about 30 yearsThe EPISCAN II study was funded and sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline, Spain through an unrestricted grant. The EPISCAN II study is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov under registry number: NCT01122758. Dr. Ahluwalia funded in part by P20GM130414, a NIH funded Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE). The sponsors were not involved in study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, or original report writingS