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Formas específicas de Criminalidad I: apuntes materia del 3º curso académico de Grado de Criminología
No full textEnhancing Emergency Response and BLS Training for Laypeople and First Responders Through Smart Glasses: Feasibility and Impact of Video-Assisted Interventions
No full textThe global incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest (OHCA) vary significantly worldwide. Bystander actions play a crucial role in influencing the survival and outcomes of OHCA victims because when CPR was initiated by bystanders before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) resulting in a survival rate twice as high as when initiated by EMS. Unfortunately, individuals who could assist in such emergencies may lack the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and basic life support (BLS) skills, leading to up to 65% of OHCA events going unattended until ambulance arrival. Bystander intervention is also vital in other out-of-hospital emergencies, such as unplanned childbirths, which can be challenging when they occur far from healthcare facilities or suddenly in multiparous women. The 35% of the unplanned out-of-hospital childbirths receiving no medical care and being attended by family members or witnesses
A perceptive-emotional model of behavioural intention to consume food grown with nutrients recovered from wastewater
Get PDFGlobal food production is threatened by a scarcity of phosphorus, an essential component in most fertilisers. Recovering phosphorus from wastewater may be a potential solution. However, there may be social resistance to consuming food grown with these fertilisers. In this study, we propose a predictive perceptive-emotional model (PEM) that identifies the psychological factors that influence favourable behavioural intention towards the consumption of this kind of food. A total of 1,003 participants in Spain (n = 387), Sweden (n = 378) and the Netherlands (n = 238) answered an online survey. The results show that positive emotions are the main predictor of behavioural intention. Generating these emotions depends on trust in scientists, a low health risks perception and a high benefit perception. Managing these factors is key for governments and international institutions so that they are aware of how public acceptance is generated and can launch programmes to encourage the consumption of such food products.This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (No. 730285) and from the Galician Department of Education, University, and Professional Training (grant number ED431B 2019/07). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group COSOYPA (GPC2019 GI-1456), and to the Cross-Disciplinary Research Center in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS) (AGRUP2015/02). These programmes are supported by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (ERDF).S
Bioaccumulation and human risk assessment of inorganic nanoparticles in aquaculture species
Get PDFThe escalating use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in various applications raises concerns regarding their potential environmental release and subsequent bioaccumulation in the food chain, posing a risk to human health. This study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) NPs in three commercially relevant aquatic species: sea bream, sea bass, and Japanese carpet shell, and evaluate the associated human health risks through dietary exposure. Bioaccumulation patterns were evaluated in target organs (liver, kidney, and muscle) of sea bream and sea bass following dietary exposure to varying concentrations of NPs (0.25–1.5 mg kg−1) for extended durations (up to 90 days). While moderate bioaccumulation was observed in non-edible organs like kidneys and livers, no significant accumulation was detected in the muscle tissue, even at high exposure levels. Conversely, bioaccumulation of both TiO2 and Ag NPs was evident in the soft tissues of Japanese carpet shell (maximum concentrations: 2.5 × 1010 g−1 for Ag NPs and 8.0 × 106 g−1 for TiO2 NPs). In vitro studies utilizing the Caco-2 human intestinal model revealed limited transcellular transport of NPs from both fish and shellfish muscle tissue (less than 34% for TiO2 NPs in sea bream and less than 61% and 4% for TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs, respectively, in Japanese carpet shell). These findings suggest that, while bioaccumulation may occur in certain species and organs, the human health risk associated with dietary exposure to NPs from commonly consumed fish appears to be low due to limited intestinal uptake. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the long-term consequences of chronic exposure and potential health effects.Authors thank funding from Interreg (10.1339/100013276) ACUINANO, reference 07-12-ACUINANO_1_E; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13039/501100011033) FOODNANORISK, reference PID2021-125276NB-I00); and Conselleria de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria Xunta de Galicia (10.13039/501100008425) Grupo de Referencia Competitiva, reference ED431C 2022/029.S
Design of segmentation algorithms to recognize interested cells in microscopy biological images
Get PDFFish fecundity is one of the most relevant parameters for estimating reproductive potential of fish stocks used for assessing stock status to guarantee a sustainable fisheries management. Fecundity is the number of matured eggs that each female fish can spawn each year. The stereological method is the most accurate technique to estimate fecundity using histological images of fish ovaries, in which matured oocytes must be measured and counted. This thesis propose a multi-scale Canny filter (MSCF) algorihm to recognize the outlines of cells. It also develop the graphical software STERapp, which includes the MSCF algorithm and other machine learning technique to help the quantitative analysis of images in the fishering labs. STERapp saves between 40% to 70% of time in the fecundity estimation
Continuous UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/Chlorine applied to municipal secondary effluent and nanofiltration retentate: removal of contaminants of emerging concern, ecotoxicity, and reuse potential
Get PDFAs global effects of water scarcity raise concerns and environmental regulations evolve, contemporary wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face the challenge of effectively removing a diverse range of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from municipal effluents. This study focuses on the assessment of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), specifically UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/Chlorine, for the removal of 14 target CECs in municipal secondary effluent (MSE, spiked with 10 μg L−1 of each CEC) or in the subsequent MSE nanofiltration retentate (NFR, no spiking). Phototreatments were carried out in continuous mode operation, with a hydraulic retention time of 3.4 min, using a tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor. For both wastewater matrices, UV-C photolysis (3.3 kJ L−1) exhibited high efficacy in removing CECs susceptible to photolysis, although lower treatment performance was observed for NFR. In MSE, adding 10 mg L−1 of H2O2 or Cl2 enhanced treatment efficiency, with UV-C/H2O2 outperforming UV-C/Chlorine. Both UV-C/AOPs eliminated the chronic toxicity of MSE toward Chlorella vulgaris. In the NFR, not only was the degradation of target CECs diminished, but chronic toxicity to C. vulgaris persisted after both UV-C/AOPs, with UV-C/Chlorine increasing toxicity due to potential toxic by-products. Nanofiltration permeate (NFP) exhibited low CECs and microbial content. A single chlorine addition effectively controlled Escherichia coli regrowth for 3 days, proving NFP potential for safe reuse in crop irrigation (<1 CFU/100 mL for E. coli; <1 mg L−1 for free chlorine). These findings provide valuable insights into the applications and limitations of UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/Chlorine for distinct wastewater treatment scenarios.This work is financially supported by the program ERA-NET-European Research Area networks through national funds by Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P under the project SERPIC - Sustainable electrochemical reduction of contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens in WWTP effluent for irrigation of crops”, with the reference Aquatic/0002/2020 (http://doi.org/10.54499/Aquatic/0002/2020). This work was also supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): LSRE-LCM, UIDB/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/50020/2020) and UIDP/50020/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/50020/2020); and ALiCE, LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020). Authors also want to acknowledge funding provided by Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2021/06) and the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación – MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (ref. PID202-117686RB-C32). Fernando Rodrigues-Silva acknowledges the CAPES – Brazilian international mobility scholarship under the CAPES-PRINT program (001; process n. 88887.695647/2022-00). Carla S. Santos acknowledges her PhD scholarship funded by FCT (2022.1079.BD). Vítor J.P. Vilar acknowledges the FCT Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 (CEECIND/01317/2017).S
Fracaso escolar encubierto y políticas educativas en Colombia
Get PDFEl fracaso escolar encubierto en Colombia es un problema
causado por políticas educativas problemáticas y una falta de
inversión y acceso a una educación de calidad. Aunque los
índices de certificación escolar son altos, los estándares de
competencia en áreas como el lenguaje y las matemáticas son
bajos en comparación con estándares internacionales. El
objetivo de esta tesis es analizar y evaluar este problema dentro
del contexto de la política educativa colombiana. Se
utilizó una metodología de enfoque cognitivo y se identificaron
causas políticas que contribuyen al fracaso escolar.
Además, se realizaron modelos estadísticos que demostraron
que la inclusión de políticas relacionadas con la alineación
de parámetros fue la causa del aumento en los resultados de los
estudiantes, ampliando la brecha entre los resultados
Impacto de la realidad aumentada en la adquisición de competencias del grado en Enfermería
No full textLas úlceras de extremidad inferior son el tipo más común de heridas crónicas y constituyen un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial y afectan a todas las esferas del individuo, mermando su calidad de vida. Las enfermeras desempeñan un papel fundamental en su cuidado a través de intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas. La implementación de tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) ha facilitado al alumnado la adquisición de competencias relacionadas con contenidos prácticos en Ciencias de la Salud. Entre las TIC, la realidad aumentada (RA) se ha perfilado como una herramienta tecnológica prometedora en aquellos casos donde se necesite una visión tridimensional o inmersión en la práctica. Sin embargo, existen escasas experiencias que analicen su utilidad real en contenidos específicos de Enfermería
Soil Contamination and Biomarkers in Ucides cordatus in Mangroves from Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to analyze the response to exposure to pollutants (trace elements and organic pollutants) using biomarkers (micronucleated cells and glutathione S-transferase and catalase activity) in uçá crab Ucides cordatus. The study was carried out at four sites: Cacha Prego (CP) and Ponta Grossa (PG), areas with low anthropic activity; and Ilha de Maré (IM) and Pitinga (PT), areas affected by industrial activity. At each site, soil and crab samples were collected to analyze the contents of potentially toxic elements (total concentration and chemical partitioning of trace elements), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Both total concentrations and geochemical fractions of Cu, Zn, and Ni in soils were significantly higher in IM. Likewise, higher reactive Pb contents were observed in mangroves both in IM and in PG. Values above quality limits were observed for organic pollutants (PAHs) in soils from CP and PT, while PCB contents were below the maximum permissible levels. Metals in crabs also showed spatial variations, with higher Cu concentrations in all tissues in IM and PT and higher Ni concentrations in hepatopancreas in PT during the dry season. PAH values in crabs did not show spatial variations; however, crustaceans with contents above maximum limits in their muscle tissue were found in CP. Crabs from the Baia de Todos Santos showed different responses in biomarker expression, with higher enzymatic activity and greater numbers of micronucleated cells in crabs from IM, suggesting oxidative stress and genotoxicity in this mangrove forestOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was co-funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologias e Inovações do Brasil, Project titled “Desenvolvimento do Índice de Qualidade das Florestas de manguezais na Baía de Todos Santos (BTS), Bahia” (no. 441389/2017-1), and the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional-Xunta de Galicia (Axudas á consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do SUG do Plan Galego IDT, Ambiosol Group (ref. ED431C; 2022/40))S