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Distribution of gamma‐aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with other fishes
Get PDFGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Immunohistochemical techniques with specific antibodies against GABA or against its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) allowed characterizing GABAergic neurons and fibers in the CNS. However, studies on the CNS distribution of GABAergic neurons and fibers of bony fishes are scant and were done in teleost species. With the aim of understanding the early evolution of this system in bony vertebrates, we analyzed the distribution of GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) and GAD-ir neurons and fibers in the CNS of a basal ray-finned fish, the Siberian sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes), using immunohistochemical techniques. Our results revealed the presence and distribution of GABA/GAD-ir cells in different regions of the CNS such as olfactory bulbs, pallium and subpallium, hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, optic tectum, tegmentum, cerebellum, central grey, octavolateralis area, vagal lobe, rhombencephalic reticular areas, and the spinal cord. Abundant GABAergic innervation was observed in most brain regions, and GABAergic fibers were very abundant in the hypothalamic floor along the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and neurohypophysis. In addition, GABA-ir cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells were observed in the alar and basal hypothalamus, saccus vasculosus, and spinal cord central canal. The distribution of GABAergic systems in the sturgeon brain shows numerous similarities to that observed in lampreys, but also to those of teleosts and tetrapods.This work was supported by The Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad- Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant No. BFU2017-89861-P) partially financed by the European Social Fund and by Xunta de Galicia (Grant No. ED431C 2021/18). We also thank Dr. Mercedes Rivas Cascallar for technical assistance with the confocal microscope.S
Variabilidade espacial-temporal na biodisponibilização de elementos tóxicos para Ucides cordatus na Baía de Todos os Santos, (Bahia, Brasil)
Get PDFEsta tese teve como finalidade investigar o comportamento
sazonal e espacial dos componentes
e atributos do solo dos manguezais da Baía de Todos os Santos,
Bahia, Brasil, bem como o
comportamento geoquímico e a biodisponibilidade de
elementos tóxicos nestes ambientes. Os
solos estudados exibiram uma heterogeneidade espacial nos
atributos e componentes
físicoquímicos que conferiu aos manguezais estudados graus
distintos tanto no enriquecimento
como na biodisponibilização de elementos tóxicos
Aspectos relevantes de la fibrilación auricular en el paciente anciano
Get PDFLa fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia sostenida más
frecuente a nivel mundial y es especialmente relevante en
pacientes ancianos por su prevalencia y por la complejidad del
manejo debido a condicionantes específicos de la
población geriátrica. Basándonos en 2 grandes registros de
pacientes mayores de 75 años y 90 años respectivamente,
analizamos varios aspectos trascendentes. Describimos la
situación actual y el manejo de la FA en nuestro medio,
analizamos capacidad predictiva de las escalas de riesgo
hemorrágico clásicas aplicadas a pacientes ancianos,
evaluamos el impacto sobre la mortalidad tanto de los eventos
embólicos como hemorrágicos, estudiamos la seguridad y
eficacia de la anticoagulación en pacientes con pesos extremos
y analizamos la seguridad de la digoxina en
nonagenarios
Reaction Mechanisms of Single Metal Site Catalysts Supported on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Get PDFCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have become a versatile platform to immobilize a wide variety of single-atom metal catalysts. The resulting post-synthetic modified materials present a spectrum of valuable properties ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous systems, such as well-defined catalytic sites, selectivity, recyclability, and stability. In this minireview, we discuss selected contributions that provide experimental and computational details on reaction mechanisms (e. g., via EXAFS, TEM, and DFT) catalyzed by single-atom metals embedded within the COF structure. When applicable, we highlight the different behaviour between molecular (homogeneous) and COF-supported (heterogeneous) sites regarding catalytic performance. With this survey, we aim to decipher the key features that aid in seeing COFs as not merely passive supports but as active items in catalysis.This work has received financial support from MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-119116RA-I00, M.A.O.), Xunta Distinguished Researcher program (ED431H 2020/21), the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia acreditacion 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF). A.G. acknowledges the funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.101105451. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the ICIQ Foundation, the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, MCIN through Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation 2020–2023 (CEX2019-000925-S, MIC/AEI), AGAUR (2021 SGR 01260), MCIN (PID2019-110050RB-I00, J.L-F.; PDC2022-133451-I00, J.L-F., PID2022-140142OB-I00) and “la Fundación Ramón Areces“ (ElectroFuel).S
Defining the most eco-efficient vehicle paint shop in view of formaldehyde emissions performance
Get PDFThis Ph.D. thesis assesses the impact of the change in the
hazardous classification of formaldehyde in vehicle paint shops
from an environmental and economic perspective. This work
includes an evaluation of compliance with the applicable
emission limit value for formaldehyde, a proposal of options to
reduce the emissions and their economic impact, a Life
Cycle Assessment of the painting process in a real vehicle paint
shop and an eco-efficiency analysis. The outcomes of this
thesis allowed to make a proposal for the most eco-efficient
vehicle paint shop in view of formaldehyde emissions
performance
Análisis del valor pronóstico anátomo-funcional de la presencia de capas foveales internas ectópicas en la cirugía de membranas epirretinianas idiopáticas
No full textLa membrana epirretiniana (MER) es una patología relativamente frecuente que, en ocasiones,
se acompaña de síntomas que merman de manera importante la calidad de visión y, por
consiguiente, la calidad de vida del paciente. La vitrectomía pars plana (VPP) con pelado de la
MER es el tratamiento estándar. Aunque se trata de una técnica segura, no está exenta de
riesgos. A veces, aun con mejoras anatómicas, después de la intervención no se logran
resultados funcionales satisfactorios. Por ello, la identificación de biomarcadores fiables es
crucial para, en función de su valor pronóstico, mejorar los criterios de indicación quirúrgica y
optimizar los resultados. La tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) es la técnica de imagen de
referencia para la evaluación pre y posoperatoria de los ojos con esta patología. En los últimos
años se han intentado identificar en estas imágenes los cambios anatómicos que podrían
correlacionarse con el pronóstico visual después de la cirugía, con conclusiones variables.
Recientemente se ha observado que la presencia de capas internas ectópicas a nivel de la fóvea
(EIFL) podría ser un factor pronóstico significativo para las MER. Este hallazgo ha llevado a
la propuesta de un nuevo sistema de clasificación que tendría implicaciones clínicas como
herramienta para mejorar las indicaciones terapéuticas y, por consiguiente, los resultados
funcionales posquirúrgicos
Enhancing hexachlorocyclohexane solubility with surfactants and ionic liquids
Get PDFSurfactant-enhanced remediation of soil can increase the solubility of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water and improve their removal. In this study, the effect of 24 traditional surfactants and surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) on the solubility of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH) was evaluated in batch-type experiments. The combination of two different proportions of a cationic SAIL and an anionic surfactant was also assessed. The solubilisation capacity of the surfactant varied depending on its concentration and structure, but also the HCH isomer considered. In general, the anionic surfactants yielded the best results, increasing solubilisation of HCH up to 2.4 times compared to the control (pure water). α-HCH and γ-HCH isomers were more easily solubilised than β-HCH and δ-HCH regardless of the surfactant’s type. The main advantage of ionic liquids being their tunability, some clues are given for formulating surfactants to enhance the solubilisation of HCH. The combination of a traditional surfactant and a SAIL influenced the critical micelle concentration, but not the solubilisation of the contaminant. Further studies on the use of blends for this application are required. The increase of solubility achieved with the studied surfactants encourages their application in washing HCH-contaminated soils through solubility enhancement.This work was supported by the Governments of Spain (PID2019-107879RB-100) and Galicia (GRC-ED431C 2022/40), co-funded by ERDF (UE).S
Green infant formula analysis: Optimizing headspace solid-phase microextraction of carbonyl compounds associated with lipid peroxidation using GC-MS and pentafluorophenylhydrazine derivatization
Get PDFThe refinement and optimization of a method combining headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was successfully performed for the first time to determine seven carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds, including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, dimethylglyoxal, and malondialdehyde in infant formulae, related to lipid peroxidation. HS-SPME was utilized for simultaneous extraction and derivatization with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH). Critical parameters such as temperature, pH, extractive phase, and salting-out were meticulously investigated and fine-tuned by an asymmetrical 2232//9 screening design to ensure the method's efficacy and reliability. Optimal conditions included a PFPH concentration of 5 g/L, pH 5.0, head-space extraction at 60 °C within 10 min, utilizing a DVB/CAR/PDMS coating, and a 20% w/w salting-out. The analytical validation of this method, compliant with FDA guidelines, demonstrated exceptional linearity, sensitivity, specificity, precision (RSD ≤13.8%), and accuracy (84.8% ≤ recovery ≤111.5%). The metric approach AGREEprep confirms its eco-friendliness, marking a significant step towards an environmentally conscious approach in infant formula analysis. An occurrence study conducted on 25 infant formula samples revealed widespread carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds in both powdered and liquid variants. ANOVA results exhibited variations in compound concentrations among different sample groups. Clustering analyses delineated distinct groups based on carbonyl content, indicating the potential of these compounds as markers for lipid peroxidation and food quality assessment. This method serves as a valuable tool for evaluating infant formula quality, stability towards oxidation, and safety.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Project RTI2018‐096450‐B‐I00) along with FEDER founds, and by the Polish National Science Centre (Project 2023/07/X/NZ9/01113) as part of the MINIATURA-7 program.S
Developing customized fuel models for shrub and bracken communities in Galicia (NW Spain)
Get PDFGeospatial fire behaviour and fire hazard simulators, fire effects models and smoke emission software commonly use standard fuel models in order to simplify data collection and the inclusion of complex fuel scenarios. These fuel models are often mapped using remotely sensed data. However, given the great complexity of fuelbeds, with properties that vary widely in both time and space, the use of these standard fuel models can greatly limit accurate fuel mapping. This affects fuel hazard assessment, fuel reduction treatment plans, fire management decision-making and evaluation of the environmental impact of wildfire. In this study, we developed unique customized fire behaviour fuel models for shrub and bracken communities, by using k-medoids clustering analysis based on both fuel structural characteristics and potential fire behaviour. We used an original database of 722 destructive sample plots in nine different shrub and bracken communities covering the entire distribution area in Galicia (NW Spain), one of the regions in Europe most affected by forest fires. Measurements of cover, height and fuel fractions loads differentiated by size and vegetative state (live or dead) were used to estimate the potential rate of fire spread with five different models including fireline intensity, heat per unit area and the flame length for each sampling site and considering extreme environmental conditions. The optimal number of clusters was established by combining practical knowledge about the shrubland communities under study and their associated fire behaviour, with maximization of the mean value of the silhouette variable and minimization of the within-cluster sum of squares. The structural characteristics of the medoids derived from the analysis were associated with each of the proposed customized fuel models. Finally, a simple dichotomous classification based only on shrub height was developed to enable construction of spatially explicit fuel model maps based on remotely sensed data. Thus, the methodology applied allows generation of a more realistic representation of fuel distribution in the landscape, based on fuel structure measurements of natural regional ecosystems rather than on the use of standard models. We believe that the proposed methodology is generally applicable to communities composed of other shrub and fern species in different biogeographical regions.This work was supported by the projects: 1FD97-1122-C06-05; INIA-AGL2001-1242-C04-02; INIA-RTA 2009-00153-C03 (INFOCOPAS); INIA-RTA2014-00011-C06 (GEPRIF); INIA-RTA2017-00042-C05 (VIS4FIRE) and PDC 2021-120,945-C55 (APPVIS4FIRE) funded by the Spanish National Program of Research, Development and Innovation (Plan Estatal de I + D + i) co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union; also by projects: ENV4-CT96-0438 (Fuego Programme); ENV04-CT98-0763 (Fuego 2 Programme); EVG1-CT2001-00041 (FIRESTAR); EVR1-CT-2002–4002 (EUFIRELAB) and FP6-018,505 (FIRE PARADOX), funded by the Environmental Research Programs of the DGXII of the European Commission (European Union); and finally by SAFTOR project (SOE2/P2/E457) from the SUDOE Interreg IV B Program with ERDF funds. The work of Stéfano Arellano Pérez in this article was supported by grant PTQ 2021-012,150 awarded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501,100,011,033.S
The ways of biblical quotations are mysterious: change of register and snowclones in Spanish and German from a constructivist point of view
No full textThe subject of this essay is Bibleisms in German and Spanish which, in addition to their original religious and often moralizing meaning, have, over time, developed additional ironic and/ or humorous semantics. Some of them may undergo, alongside the change of register, a process of constructionalization derived from their lexical variability in discourse. In this way, a high number of anti-proverbs (Mieder 1982) can lead to the creation of patterns and the emergence of semi-schematic constructions or snowclones. Using the Sketch Engine corpora esTenTen18 (https://www.sketchengine.eu/), and deTenTen20 (https://www.sketchengine.eu/) the aim of this corpus-based study is to explore the lexical variability of the biblical quotation No solo de pan vive el hombre/ Der Mensch lebt nicht vom Brot allein (Man shall not live by bread alone) (Matthew 4:4) in Spanish and German
in order to uncover a possible phenomenon of constructionalization. Besides, it will also be explained whether the two languages display productivity to the same extent