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Seeded‐Growth of PCN‐224 onto Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Photoactive Microporous Nanocarriers
Full text linkThis study addresses the fabrication of microporous plasmonic nanocomposites (NCs) by using plasmonic nanoparticles (i.e., gold bipyramids, AuB) as seeds to grow microporous shells, specifically, metal–organic frameworks (MOF) PCN-224 of increasing thickness from 69 to 138 nm. This method is based on using a previously synthesized Zr6-oxo cluster and unfolds at room temperature. Notably, it is demonstrated that the concentration of the AuB seeds determines both the yield of NCs and the resultant thickness of the PCN-224 shell, illustrating the seeded growth mechanism. Furthermore, it is found that the thermoplasmonic response of the NCs is dominated by the thickness of the microporous shell, with thicker shells having enhanced thermal confinement properties than thinner ones. As a proof of concept, the NCs are loaded with cresyl violet (CV), a lysosomal fluorescent marker. This serves to demonstrate the thermoplasmonic-induced intracellular release of CV by the photostimulation of the AuB's plasmonic near-infrared (NIR) band. Moreover, the NCs display exceptional efficacy as photodynamic agents when photostimulated at the PCN-224's Soret band. In summary, this study offers a facile, efficient, and reproducible methodology for the fabrication of NCs with a controlled geometry while unlocking new possibilities in the field of nanoMOFs as multifunctional theranostic probes.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the MCIN/AEI (PID2020-119206RB-I00, PID2019-108624RB-I00, RYC-2019-028238-I), the Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2017/02, ED431F 2020/11, 2021-CP090, Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia Accreditation 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03), the European Union (European Regional Development Fund – ERDF; H2020-MSCA-ITN grant agreement no. 860942; H2020-FET-Open grant agreement no. 899612; and H2020-ICT grant agreement no. 10101694), and the European Research Council (starting grant no. 950421). M.C. acknowledges to H2020-MSCA-ITN grant agreement no. 860942. M.C.-M. thanks the AEI (FPU19/03155). J.M.V.-F. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for his postdoctoral grant (IJC2020-044369-I). The authors are grateful for the use of RIAIDT-USC analytical facilities.S
Valor del estudio angiográfico arterial en el manejo quirúrgico del cáncer colorrectal
Full text linkEl cáncer colorrectal es uno de los tumores con mayor incidencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial. La cirugía oncológica en el cáncer de sigma y recto implica realizar una ligadura de la arteria mesentérica inferior (AMI). Esta ligadura puede ser alta (a nivel de su salida en la aorta) o baja (distal al origen de la arteria cólica izquierda). La elección de una u otra ligadura es un tema controvertido y no estandarizado, en el que influyen multitud de factores, como el tipo de ramificación de la AMI. El objetivo principal de este estudio es demostrar el valor de la angio-TC en la evaluación de los patrones de ramificación de la AMI y valorar cómo su conocimiento prequirúrgico puede modificar la selección del tipo de ligadura a realizar por el cirujano
Physico-chemical properties of pea fibre and pea protein blends and the implications for in vitro batch fermentation using human inoculum
Full text linkThe incorporation of fibre into pea protein matrices influences their microstructure, yet our understanding of their gut fermentability remains unexplored. In this study, dietary fibres and protein from yellow pea were investigated for their physico-chemical properties and impact on in vitro colonic fermentation using human inoculum. Pea fibre and pea protein blends were studied at different pH and after thermal treatment at 95 °C for 30 min with oscillatory rheology, static light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effect on in vitro colonic fermentation was evaluated measuring gas production, ammonia, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Rheology indicated that during thermal treatment a firmer gel is formed close to the protein isoelectric point with a structure characterised by aggregation, but less particle swelling compared to other pH. Addition of fibre led to higher storage modulus (G′), with the fibre dominating the rheological properties. Fermentation of samples containing protein led to higher levels of ammonia and SCFA compared to only fibres. Blends produced higher amounts of valerate, i-valerate and caproate, and lower amounts of ammonia. Reduced fermentation of proteins in the presence of fibres was also reflected in a more intact microstructure of the protein particles in the digesta. Although thermal treatment of blends caused particle swelling and induced gelation, only small differences could be discerned in the in vitro colonic fermentation outcomes. Our results highlight that potentially harmful fermentation products from protein, such as ammonia, were reduced in the presence of pea hull fibreThe study was performed within the PANSweden project which acknowledge financial support from the Swedish research council, FORMAS grant number 2020-02843. We acknowledge Orkla for providing fibre samples and Lantmännen for providing protein samplesS
Service‑learning to improve training, knowledge transfer, and awareness in forest fire management
Full text linkBackground Forest fires represent a severe threat to Mediterranean ecosystems and are considered one of the major
environmental and socioeconomic problems of the region. The project Plantando cara al fuego (PCF, Spain)
is designed to transfer knowledge and to improve the training of new generations in forest fire management. The
project is based on the application of service-learning (S-L), an educational methodology that combines learning
and community service. Conceived as a compendium of S-L initiatives, the PCF project is composed of several
S-L projects with the objective of reducing the problem of forest fires. The individual projects are developed
at the regional/local level, each one involving different social agents such as researchers, students (from different
disciplines), schools, multidisciplinary professionals, NGOs, or the administration.
Results Participants received an initial training in S-L to design projects focused on different aspects of forest fires
(environmental awareness, outreach/communication, fire prevention or post-fire restoration). These applied projects
are formally integrated in the learning process via curriculum, which serve to teach and reinforce transversal
skills and allow students to get involved and work to solve real problems. In general, the response of the participants
was highly favorable, since the projects served to create an atmosphere that facilitates learning, interaction
between participants, the application of theoretical class contents, knowledge transfer, or the exchange of good
teaching practices.
Conclusions The summary of the PCF project presented in this work serves as a practical guide describing the activities,
participants, and the necessary steps involved in the design, development, and evaluation of S-L projects
to address environmental problems. In this case, the S-L was adapted to a specific context (i.e., the problem of forest
fires) to which it had never been previously applied, but this methodology is versatile and can be applied to different
environmental issuesAntecedentes Los incendios forestales representan una severa amenaza para los ecosistemas mediterráneos, y
son considerados como uno de los mayores problemas ambientales y socioeconómicos de la región. El Proyecto
“Plantando Cara al Fuego” (PCF, España), ha sido diseñado para transferir conocimientos y mejorar el entrenamiento
de nuevas generaciones en el manejo de incendios forestales. El Proyecto está basado en la aplicación del Servicio
de Aprendizaje (Service-learning, o S-L), una metodología que combina el aprendizaje con el servicio comunitario.
Concebido como un compendio de iniciativas S-L, el Proyecto PCF está compuesto de varios proyectos S-L con el
objetivo de reducir los problemas de los incendios forestales. Los proyectos individuales están desarrollados a niveles
regionales/locales, cada uno de ellos implicando diferentes actores sociales como investigadores, estudiantes (de
diferentes disciplinas), escuelas, profesionales de diversas disciplinas, e instituciones no gubernamentales (ONGs) o de
administración.
Resultados Los participantes reciben un entrenamiento inicial en S-L para diseñar proyectos enfocados en diferentes
aspectos de los incendios forestales (concientización ambiental, comunicación y difusión, prevención de incendios, y
restauración post-fuego). Estos proyectos aplicados son integrados formalmente en el proceso de aprendizaje a través
de una currícula, que sirve para enseñar y reforzar las habilidades transversales y permite a los estudiantes implicarse
y trabajar para resolver problemas reales. En general, la respuesta de los participantes es altamente favorable, dado
que los proyectos sirven para crear una atmósfera que facilita el aprendizaje, la interacción entre participantes, la
aplicación de contenidos teóricos brindados en clase, la transferencia de conocimientos, o el intercambio de buenas
prácticas de enseñanza.
Conclusiones El resumen de los proyectos PCF presentados en este trabajo sirven como una guía práctica que
describe las actividades, participantes, y los pasos necesarios implicados en el diseño, desarrollo, y evaluación de
proyectos S-L para para encarar problemas ambientales. En este caso, el S-L fue adaptado a un contexto específico
(i.e., el problema de los incendios forestales), al cual nunca antes había sido previamente aplicado, mostrando que
esta metodología es versátil y puede ser aplicada a diferentes cuestiones ambientalesThis study was carried out within the framework of the “Plantando Cara Al
Fuego” (PCF, ref FCT-19-14381) project funded by the FECYT (Fundación
Española para la Ciencia y Tecnología) - Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation. Further economic and technical support was provided by WWF
and CabreiroáS
Characterization of the plasma proteomic profile of Fabry disease: Potential sex- and clinical phenotype-specific biomarkers
Full text linkFabry disease (FD) is a X-linked rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient α-galactosidase A (α-GalA) activity. Early diagnosis and the prediction of disease course are complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of FD, as well as by the frequently inconclusive biochemical and genetic test results that do not correlate with clinical course. We sought to identify potential biomarkers of FD to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes. We compared the plasma proteomes of 50 FD patients and 50 matched healthy controls using DDA and SWATH-MS. The >30 proteins that were differentially expressed between the 2 groups included proteins implicated in processes such as inflammation, heme and haemoglobin metabolism, oxidative stress, coagulation, complement cascade, glucose and lipid metabolism, and glycocalyx formation. Stratification by sex revealed that certain proteins were differentially expressed in a sex-dependent manner. Apolipoprotein A-IV was upregulated in FD patients with complications, especially those with chronic kidney disease, and apolipoprotein C-III and fetuin-A were identified as possible markers of FD with left ventricular hypertrophy. All these proteins had a greater capacity to identify the presence of complications in FD patients than lyso-GB3, with apolipoprotein A-IV standing out as being more sensitive and effective in differentiating the presence and absence of chronic kidney disease in FD patients than renal markers such as creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria. Identification of these potential biomarkers can help further our understanding of the pathophysiological processes that underlie the heterogeneous clinical manifestations associated with FDThe authors thank all study participants and all clinicians who collaborated in recruiting patients and gathering clinical data. The authors also thank the Spanish Society for the Promotion of Science; MetabERN and RICORS for their support. All authors have read the journal's policy on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest and they declare no competing interests. All authors have read the journal's authorship agreement and the manuscript has been reviewed by and approved by all named authors. This work was supported by a research grant from Sanofi-Aventis Groupe (SGZ201912825)S
Education, Freedom, International Development and Qualily of Life, 2001-2023: International. Economic Studies of America, Europe, Africa and Asia
Full text linkEE12 includes 6 chapters relating Education, Investment, Production and several indicators of Quality of Life (Quality of Government, Freedom, Air Pollution, Peace, Political Stability and Life Satisfaction: 1) Education, World Development and Quality of Life, 2001-2023. 2) Econometric Models of OECD countries, 2001-2023 on macroeconometrics of supply and demand for the explanation of real Gross Domestic Product, Employment and real Wages, Industrial development, Exports and Imports. 3) Development studies of Latin America, 2001-2023. 4) Development studies of Europe and Eurasia, 2001-2023. 5) Development studies of Africa, 2001-2023. 6) Development studies of Asia and Oceania, 2001-202
A consistent test of equality of distributions for Hilbert-valued random elements
Full text linkTwo independent random elements taking values in a separable Hilbert space are considered.
The aim is to develop a test with bootstrap calibration to check whether they have the same
distribution or not. A transformation of both random elements into a new separable Hilbert
space is considered so that the equality of expectations of the transformed random elements is
equivalent to the equality of distributions. Thus, a bootstrap test procedure to check the equality
of means can be used in order to solve the original problem. It will be shown that both the
asymptotic and bootstrap approaches proposed are asymptotically correct and consistent. The
results can be applied, for example, in functional data analysis. In practice, the test can be solved
with simple operations in the original space without applying the mentioned transformation,
which is used only to guarantee the theoretical results. Empirical results and comparisons with
related methods support and complement the theory.The research has been partially supported by Grants MTM2017-89632-P and PID2020-116587GB-I00 funded by
MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the COST Action CA21163 from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the referees and editors by their helpful comments and suggestions.S
La huella renacentista en las edificaciones del obispado de Lugo. Autores y obras
No full textEl propósito de esta tesis constituye hacer un estudio analítico
de la huella que el Renacimiento dejó a su paso en el siglo
XVI por la diócesis del obispado de Lugo. Centrándonos
fundamentalmente, en manifestaciones de tipo arquitectónico,
pero haciendo también pequeñas incursiones en el ámbito de la
retablística, de la decoración de grutescos o de ciertos
aditamentos decorativos, con cierta significación, que crean
programas iconográficos complejos que, mediante nuestra
investigación, hemos tratado de darles un sentido de inserción
y comprensión de contenido en su correspondiente
continente. Abordamos nuestro estudio desde una dicotomía, ya
que por un lado, analizamos arquitectura civil como
fortalezas, pazos...y, del otro, la arquitectura eclesiástica del
siglo XVI
A comprehensive coding and microRNA transcriptome of vertebral bone in postlarvae and juveniles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
Full text linkUnderstanding vertebral bone development is essential to prevent skeletal malformations in farmed fish related to genetic and environmental factors. This is an important issue in Solea senegalensis, with special impact of spinal anomalies in postlarval and juvenile stages. Vertebral bone transcriptomics in farmed fish mainly comes from coding genes, and barely on miRNA expression. Here, we used RNA-seq of spinal samples to obtain the first comprehensive coding and miRNA transcriptomic repertoire for postlarval and juvenile vertebral bone, covering different vertebral phenotypes and egg-incubation temperatures related to skeleton health in S. senegalensis. Coding genes, miRNA and pathways regulating bone development and growth were identified. Differential transcriptomic profiles and suggestive mRNA-miRNA interactions were found between postlarvae and juveniles. Bone-related genes and functions were associated with the extracellular matrix, development and regulatory processes, calcium binding, retinol and lipid metabolism or response to stimulus, including those revealed by the miRNA targets related to signaling, cellular and metabolic processes, growth, cell proliferation and biological adhesion. Pathway enrichment associated with fish skeleton were identified when comparing postlarvae and juveniles: growth and bone development functions in postlarvae, while actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and proteasome related to bone remodeling in juveniles. The transcriptome data disclosed candidate coding and miRNA gene markers related to bone cell processes, references for functional studies of the anosteocytic bone of S. senegalensis. This study establishes a broad transcriptomic foundation to study healthy and anomalous spines under early thermal conditions across life-stages in S. senegalensis, and for comparative analysis of skeleton homeostasis and pathology in fish and vertebratesThis study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and European Regional Development Fund (RTI2018-097110-B-C21). AMdA has awarded a postdoctoral contract from Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, Spain. We thank Stolt Sea Farm S.A. for providing the egg samples, and the personal involved in fish culture and sampling at the Station of Marine Science of Toralla (ECIMAT, University of Vigo). We acknowledge the bioinformatic support of Andrés Hortas, Óscar Aramburu and Galicia Supercomputing Center (CESGA). Thanks to Lucía Ínsua and Sonia Gómez for technical and administrative supportS