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Hidrogeles biodegradables de polisacáridos para la liberación colónica de fármacos
Get PDFEsta tesis se centra en el diseño y evaluación de hidrogeles de
polisacáridos para la administración
colónica de fármacos. Estos hidrogeles tienen como objetivo
mejorar el tratamiento de
enfermedades colónicas como la colitis ulcerosa y la
enfermedad de Crohn. La investigación
aborda la preparación y caracterización de estos hidrogeles
basados en gomas naturales (xantana
y garrofina), evaluando su bioadhesión y capacidad de
liberación de fármacos como el acetónido
de triamcinolona y el ciprofloxacino. Además, explora el
impacto de las ciclodextrinas en las
propiedades de liberación de los hidrogeles y su eficacia en
modelos animales de colitis. Concluye
discutiendo los resultados y sugiriendo futuras direcciones de
investigación para el desarrollo de
hidrogeles inteligentes y nuevas aplicaciones terapéuticas
Inference of tobacco and alcohol consumption habits from DNA methylation analysis of blood
Get PDFDNA methylation has become a biomarker of great interest in the forensic and clinical fields. In criminal investigations, the study of this epigenetic marker has allowed the development of DNA intelligence tools providing information that can be useful for investigators, such as age prediction. Following a similar trend, when the origin of a sample in a criminal scenario is unknown, the inference of an individual’s lifestyle such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption could provide relevant information to help in the identification of DNA donors at the crime scene. At the same time, in the clinical domain, prediction of these trends of consumption could allow the identification of people at risk or better identification of the causes of different pathologies. In the present study, DNA methylation data from the UK AIRWAVE study was used to build two binomial logistic models for the inference of smoking and drinking status. A total of 348 individuals (116 non-smokers, 116 former smokers and 116 smokers) plus a total of 237 individuals (79 non-drinkers, 79 moderate drinkers and 79 drinkers) were used for development of tobacco and alcohol consumption prediction models, respectively. The tobacco prediction model was composed of two CpGs (cg05575921 in AHRR and cg01940273) and the alcohol prediction model three CpGs (cg06690548 in SLC7A11, cg0886875 and cg21294714 in MIR4435–2HG), providing correct classifications of 86.49% and 74.26%, respectively. Validation of the models was performed using leave-one-out cross-validation. Additionally, two independent testing sets were also assessed for tobacco and alcohol consumption. Considering that the consumption of these substances could underlie accelerated epigenetic ageing patterns, the effect of these lifestyles on the prediction of age was evaluated. To do that, a quantile regression model based on previous studies was generated, and the potential effect of tobacco and alcohol consumption with the epigenetic age was assessed. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the residuals generated by the model and no significant differences were observed between the categories analyzedMVL is supported by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Ciencia, Spain (PID2019-107876RB-I00). MdlP is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the Gobierno de España: IJC2020-042638-I, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union "NextGenerationEU/PRTR". J.R. is supported by the “Programa de axudas á etapa predoutoral” funded by the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria e da Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria from Xunta de Galicia, Spain (ED481A-2020/039). The Airwave Health Monitoring Study is funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC), (MR/R023484/1), the National Institute for Health Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards (NIHR-200922), the Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) 2017–22, and the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The initial phase of the study, including participant recruitment, was funded by the Home Office (780-TETRA; 2003-18). Views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the study sponsors. We thank all study participants for their involvement. DPUK provided data access for this project: Elliott, P. (2017). Airwave [Data set]. Dementias Platform UK. https://doi.org/10.48532/002000 through MRC grant ref MR/L023784/2″ (core funding)S
Magnetic-driven Interleukin-4 internalization promotes magnetic nanoparticle morphology and size-dependent macrophage polarization
Get PDFMacrophages are known to depict two major phenotypes: classically activated macrophages (M1), associated with high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which present an anti-inflammatory function. A precise control over M1-M2 polarization is a promising strategy in therapeutics to modulate both tissue regeneration and tumor progression processes. However, this is not a simple task as macrophages behave differently depending on the microenvironment. In agreement with this, non-consistent data have been reported regarding macrophages response to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). To investigate the impact of both tissue microenvironment and MNPs properties on the obtained macrophage responses, single-core (SC) and multi core (MC) citrate coated MNPs, are synthesized and, afterwards, loaded with a macrophage polarization trigger, IL-4. The developed MNPs are then tested in macrophages subjected to different stimuli. We demonstrate that macrophages treated with low concentrations of MNPs behave differently depending on the polarization stage independently of the concentration of iron. Moreover, we find out that MNPs size and morphology determines the effect of the IL-4 loaded MNPs on M1 macrophages, since IL-4 loaded SC MNPs favor the polarization of M1 macrophages towards M2 phenotype, while IL-4 loaded MC MNPs further stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokinesThis work was supported by the Programa de Axudas de apoio á etapa predoutoral 2020 of Xunta de Galicia, by the European Commission under the BOW project (FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019, Grant 952183), CARTsol project (PLEC2022-009217 funded by MICINN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and NextGenerationEU/ PRTR) and partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref PID2020-112626RB-C21), Modalities «Research Challenges» and «Knowledge Generation» and the Regional Consellería de Innovación Program for the Grupos de Referencia Competitiva 2021 —GRC2021 project of Xunta de GaliciaS
Formas específicas de Criminalidade III: apuntes materia G3191421 do 4º curso académico do Grao de Criminoloxía
No full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing Biphenylene and Cyclooctatetraene Units
No full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of
organic compounds presents around us from oil to interstellar
space, that can be considered as well-defined graphene
fragments. Defective PAHs with non hexagonal rings have
emerge as improved scaffolds due to their ability to modify the
properties of their planar analogous. The synthesis of both
systems generally requires regioselective rings fusions, where
metal-catalysed annulations have become one of the most
attractive strategies.
Throughout this PhD thesis, 1,3- cyclohexadiene nuclei,
presents in dihydrobiphenylenes systems, will be explored
towards annulated systems containing biphenylenes units
through oxidative process. Moreover, synthesis and reactivity of
strained alkynes species (COTynes) for the formation of PAHs
with COT units will also be adressed.2025-03-2
Mathematics for optimal design of sustainable infrastructures
Get PDFThe central aim of this paper is to show that mathematical sciences—in particular a smart combination of modeling, numerical simulation and optimization—can be seen as a useful tool in the design of sustainable infrastructures. Thus, in the first part of this work, we clarify what we mean by systems optimization and suggest how to apply these techniques to improve sustainability. Then, in the second part, we present three interesting environmental problems—all of them involving sustainable infrastructures—that we have studied in the last decade and fit well within this framework: (a) the design of a river fishway to help migratory fish to climb a dam, (b) the design of an irrigation channel to minimize sedimentation and erosion, and (c) the management of an urban road network from an environmental perspective. Based on our experiences, we believe that this innovative use of non-trivial mathematical tools is destined to play a leading role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by helping stakeholders develop the best scientifically informed strategiesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Open Access funding was provided by the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela/CISUG thanks to the CRUE/CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by funding from project TED2021-129324B-I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and NextGenerationEU (European Union). Additionally, the support provided by DHI with the modeling system MIKE21 is greatly appreciatedS
Carga de mortalidad atribuida a la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en España: estimaciones y aportaciones metodológicas
No full textLa exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco produce enfermedad y muerte.
Los resultados de esta tesis actualizan las estimaciones de mortalidad atribuida a la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en España y se presenta, por primera vez, la estimación de la mortalidad atribuida en las 17 Comunidades
Autónomas españolas. Además, se identifican los diferentes estudios que, teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia de
exposición, han estimado el impacto que el humo ambiental de tabaco tiene en la mortalidad.2025-05-1
Victims of child grooming: an evaluation in university students
Get PDFThe appearance of new ways of committing sexual violence via technological media and
virtual spaces has produced countless situations where sexual abuse of minors may occur. This is the
digital scenario surrounding the phenomenon of grooming. The present study focuses on analyzing
grooming experienced by Spanish university students during childhood. The sample comprised
3293 students in higher education, 68.3% of whom were female, 30.5% were male, and 1.2% identified
as non-binary. The mean age was 18.83 years (SD = 2.28). The results confirmed that sexual abuse
of minors has moved towards virtual environments, indicating a prevalence of 12.2% for grooming,
which was more likely to have affected women and non-binary people. In addition, student victims
of grooming were more often also victims of sextortion. Consumption of pornography was also
shown to be particularly important, with the results indicating that students who consumed it and
started consuming it before they were 16 years old were more often victims of grooming. These
findings should encourage the educational community to develop preventive actions that match the
reality of online child sexual abuse. In summary, the only path towards preventing and detecting
grooming is to invest in high-quality digital education and sex education from a gender perspectiveThis research is funded by the “Research Grants from the University of Santiago de
Compostela for the implementation of projects aimed at developing measures of the State Pact
against Gender Violence 2022 and 2023” (Ministry of Equality, Government of Spain)S
Post-treatment of anaerobically digested sewage for nutrient removal
Get PDFAlthough modern anaerobic sewage treatment systems and in particular the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) have demonstrated remarkable performance in tropical and subtropical regions, the effluent quality is generally not compatible with discharge standards in many countries, so post-treatment becomes necessary. In practice, the most widely applied post-treatment options are polishing ponds (PPs) and other aerobic treatment bioreactors. PPs are treatment units treating anaerobically pre-treated wastewater, which distinguishes them from conventional waste treatment ponds, wherein normally raw wastewater is treated. Anaerobic pre-treatment has a very profound influence on the configuration and operation of PPs, as will be shown in this chapter. Other aerobic post-treatments can be realized with conventional activated sludge systems, or more complex technological solutions including membrane bioreactors (MBRs) or trickling filters. The anaerobic–aerobic treatment has important advantages compared to the purely aerobic treatment: the volume and sludge production is much smaller, there is a possibility that the anaerobic–aerobic system operates with energetic self-sufficiency and the concentration of excess sludge is much higher facilitating its processing. An important problem of anaerobic–aerobic treatment is the difficulty of producing a final effluent with low nutrient concentration. Anaerobic sewage treatment reduces the content of biodegradable organic matter in the effluent, limiting in practice the removal of phosphorus to the use of chemical precipitation systems. For the case of nitrogen, the alternatives only go through new processes, which complement the poor capacity of conventional denitrification due to the limited concentration of biodegradable organic matter. This limits in practice, the nitrogen elimination capacity of activated sludge systems or trickling f ilters treating effluents from UASB reactors. A notable breakthrough could occur if reliable partial nitrification anammox processes for the water line were developed, as these are still under development, or systems in which the dissolved methane present in the anaerobic effluents was used to denitrify, as it has already been observed in some MBRs