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Between environmental subsystem change and extractive regime resilience Beyond the apparent development of Chilean environmental institutions (1990-2019)
No full textSystematic Review on the Effect of the Gamification of Teaching on the Motivation of Higher Education Students
No full textThe objective of this work was to analyze the studies that measure the effect of the gamification of teaching on the motivation of undergraduate students of Higher Education. A systematic review of empirical articles with experimental and quasi-experimental design, published between 2016 and 2021 in the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and SciELO databases was carried out. 223 studies were found, of which 12 met all the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that there is a greater number of studies that suggest that the incorporation of gamification in teaching has an effect on increasing motivation and fewer studies that do not report improvements in motivation. It is possible that the results of studies that do not report improvements may be conditioned by the design of the gamification
An Alternative Technology to Obtain Dewatered Mine Tailings: Safe and Control Environmental Management of Filtered and Thickened Copper Mine Tailings in Chile
No full textAn alternative process to obtain a high degree of dewatering tailings that produces a high-density product is presented in this article. This technology involves the combination of tailings particle grain size classification by hydrocyclones (HC) and tailings dewatering by horizontal vibratory screens (HVS). It makes it possible to dewater tailings to a high grade of performance. This alternative technology (HC-HVS) involves the recovery of water from the coarse fraction of tailings (sands) through two hydrocycloning stages, followed by a dewatering stage of cycloned tailings sands on horizontal vibratory screens, to reduce moisture content and turn it into a 'cake'. The resulting coarse fraction tailings are easily transported to a dry stack tailings storage facility (TSF). The fine fraction of tailings (slimes) can be dewatered on thickener equipment to recover part of the process water. Finally, this article describes the main benefits of this alternative dewatered tailings technology with an emphasis on (i) dewatering technology evolution over the last 17 years; (ii) process stages features; (iii) pilot test results; (iv) tailings properties analysis (such as particle grain size distribution, fines content) and (v) lessons learned about the experience gained in the operation of Mantos Blancos case study with dry stack tailings storage facility
Battarrea phalloides (Fungi, Basidiomycota) in central Chile: a fungal messenger of the megadrought?
No full textBattarrea phalloides, a conspicuous mushroom-forming fungus with worldwide but scattered distribution in xeric habitats, has a relatively recent history of records in Chile, with most locations in the arid north of the country. Recent findings of the species in central Chile, particularly in the Larger Santiago area, indicate its possible expansion towards higher latitudes. An update of the regional map of B. phalloides which includes records obtained from social media and common use databases, suggests a possible temporal and spatial correlation between the observed expansion and the regional climate phenomenon known as megadrought
Reflexiones epistémicas acerca del estudio de la subjetividad en movimientos populares
Get PDFEl objetivo de este artículo es socializar una serie de reflexiones epistémicas acerca del estudio de los movimientos populares, particularmente en su abordaje desde el enfoque de la construcción de subjetividades. Estas reflexiones tienen su origen en un trabajo de investigación doctoral llevado adelante en vinculación con movimientos populares del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Desde una perspectiva inscripta en las epistemo-logías críticas, se considera clave retomar la categoría de colocación, estruc-turante del pensamiento epistémico de Hugo Zemelman, en la búsqueda por tematizar el posicionamiento subjetivo de los/as investigadores en su presente histórico tanto como las mediaciones que operan en la relación de éstos/as con la realidad. Con base en una reelaboración de la categoría zemelmaniana, planteamos dos dimensiones de la colocación: el colocarse-entre y el colocar-se-con. La primera dimensión da cuenta del carácter dinámico y complejo de la realidad social y sus influencias en la aproximación al objeto, las elecciones categoriales y las decisiones metodológicas tomadas por los/as investigadores. La segunda recupera la condición intersubjetiva que atraviesa el quehacer investigativo y sus implicancias en la subjetividad de los/as investigadores donde se entraman política, ética y epistemología. Las conclusiones advierten acerca de la centralidad de realizar ejercicios reflexivos sobre la práctica investigativa, partiendo de experiencias concretas, como aporte al necesario debate en torno a los procesos de construcción de conocimiento en el campo de las Ciencias Sociales.This article is aimed at socializing a series of epistemic reflections on the study of popular movements, particularly from an approach centered in the construction of subjectivities. These reflections derive from a doctoral research work carried out in collaboration with popular movements of Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Argentina. From a critical epistemology perspective, the category of placement, which structures the epistemic thought of Hugo Zemelman, is considered essential in terms of thematising the subjective posi-tioning of the researchers within their historical present as well as the media-tions in their relations with reality. Based on a rework of Zelmelman’s category, we introduce two dimensions of the placement: “place oneself in between” and “place oneself with (others)”. The first dimension gives an account of the dy-namic and complex nature of social reality that has influence on the object approach, the theoretical options and the methodological decisions made by researchers. The second dimension considers the intersubjective nature of the research task and its implications in the researchers’ subjectivity, in which po-litics, ethics and epistemology are interweaved. The conclusions remark the importance of reflective exercises about research practice, from concrete expe-riences, as a contribution to the necessary debate on the processes of knowled-ge construction in Social Sciences
Segregación de género: narrativas de mujeres desde la academia
Get PDFEste artículo analiza las narrativas de mujeres insertas en la academia respecto de las desventajas que enfrentan en relación a sus pares hombres. Para tal efecto, se desarrollaron tres grupos de discusión con participación de académicas y administrativas. Con el fin de contextualizar los relatos, se analizaron datos cuantitativos sobre brechas de género en educación de pre y post grado en Chile. Las preguntas formuladas para realizar este trabajo fueron: ¿cuáles son las narrativas que las mujeres construyen en torno a las prácticas de dominación en la academia? ¿Cómo explican la posición de desventaja que enfrentan? En el análisis realizado se constata la presencia de estructuras y simbolismos androcéntricos que reifican las relaciones tradicionales y estereotipos de género. Se visualizan fronteras simbólicas de género en un espacio laboral generizado y mercantilizado, que desvaloriza los aportes de las mujeres y promueve una concepción hegemónica-masculina del éxito y de la productividad.This article analyzes the narratives of women in the academy regarding the disadvantages they face in
relation to their male peers. To this end, three discussion groups were held with the participation of female academics and administrators. In order to contextualize the stories, quantitative data on gender gaps in undergraduate and graduate education in Chile were analyzed. The questions formulated for this work were: what are the narratives that women construct around the practices of domination in the academy? How do they explain the position of disadvantage that they face? The analysis carried out shows the presence of androcentric structures and symbolisms that reify traditional relations and gender stereotypes. Symbolic gender boundaries are visualized in a generalized and commodified labor space, which devalues women’s contributions and promotes a hegemonic-masculine conception of success and productivit
Financiamiento de las campañas a la cámara de diputados en Chile 2017: estimación de factores explicativos
Get PDFEn el año 2017 debutó el nuevo sistema proporcional para las elec-ciones parlamentarias en Chile, en conjunto con las nuevas reglas sobre fi-nanciamiento de campañas. Se proponen tres modelos de regresión lineal que toman como variable dependiente el gasto de las candidaturas, aportes de los partidos, y aportes propios, estimando el efecto de la incumbencia, densidad poblacional, participación en elección pasada, coalición y sexo. Se halla que los incumbentes gastan más, lo que es transversal a todas las coaliciones, y que la coalición Chile Vamos incurre en gasto sustantivamente mayor que sus competidores. Además, los candidatos de la Nueva Mayoría recurrieron más al financiamiento desde sus partidos, en comparación al resto de las coaliciones. La densidad poblacional no es significativa, y la participación en 2016 incide en los aportes propios. Las mujeres gastaron levemente menos que los hombres y realizaron menos aportes propios, pero los partidos donan indistintamente del sexo.n 2017 the new proportional system made its first appearance for the legislative elections in Chile, along with the new rules for campaign financing. Three linear regression models are proposed taking campaign expenditure, contributions from parties, and self-funding as dependent variables, and estimating the effects of incumbency, population density, turn-out in the last election, coalition and sex. Incumbents are more prone to expenditure across each coalition, and Chile Vamos spends markedly more than its competitors. Additionally, candidates from Nueva Mayoría depended more on contribu-tions from their parties in comparison to other coalitions. Population density has no effect, although turn-out in the last election has a positive effect on self-funding; women spent slightly less than men, and less from their own income, although gender is not significant for party financing
La estructura del campo en los estudios antropológicos en Chile. Una aproximación a la producción científica en revistas especializadas de circulación nacional en el periodo de institucionalización académica (1954-1973)
Get PDFEste artículo presenta algunos resultados en el marco del proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciación N° 11170461 “Modelos de representación en el discurso “científico especializado” de orientación antropológica sobre el otro indígena en artículos de circulación nacional hacia la primera mitad del siglo XX (1900 y 1945)” Conicyt, Chile.Esta investigación profundiza en la producción antropológica en Chile en un período que hemos denominado de institucionalización académica (1954-1973), caracterizado por la creación de los primeros centros universitarios y programas de formación en ciencias antropológicas en el país. Nuestro trabajo se centró en las publicaciones científicas que circularon a través de revistas especializadas a nivel nacional, lo que permitió, mediante el análisis de contenido y la utilización de técnicas estadísticas descriptivas, determinar el volumen de la producción, identificar las áreas de conocimiento, y definir las tendencias temáticas y actores que contribuyen al desarrollo de estos estudios. Ello permitió reunir antecedentes a partir de los cuales se caracterizó el contexto socio-institucional en el cual emergieron las investigaciones y la producción de conocimiento, así como la definición de la morfología de campo, identificando las dinámicas cognoscitivas que distinguen a este período. La investigación permite concluir que los estudios antropológicos en Chile coinciden con la tendencia global a la especialización en áreas disciplinarias, dando lugar a una antropología de adjetivos o en fisión (Stocking 2002), lo que muestra el declive del modelo de ciencia integral, con una clara tendencia o vocación interdisciplinaria
Unraveling the Impact of Chilean Native Cultures of Enterococcus sp. Strain BB3 and Lactobacillus sp. Strain BB6 on the Physiology of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
No full textThis study describes the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on photosynthetic performance and antioxidant metabolism in Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) plants. Two strains of previously isolated and characterized LAB, Enterococcus sp. BB3 and Lactobacillus sp. BB6, were used alone or in combination as inoculants of tomato plants under controlled conditions in a 30-day assay. At the end of the assay, the physiological parameters of the plants were studied, including chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and the content of photosynthetic pigments, total phenols, and flavonoids. The results show that, both individually and combined, these strains improve all physiological parameters in S. lycopersicum plants, where BB3 and BB6 alone increase photochemical features such as Fv '/Fm '; Phi PSII, and ETR. P-n, g(s), and E were higher in all three treatments with LAB. Meanwhile, oxidative damage, measured as lipid peroxidation, significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in all bacterial treatments, especially in the combined assay (BB3+BB6) in comparison with the control assays. Finally, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in antioxidant activity was observed but not in total phenol and flavonoid content in tomato plants treated with bacteria. Conclusion. Our data suggest positive effects on physiological features in S. lycopersicum L. mainly related to the BB3 and BB6 strains of LAB and a reduction of oxidative damage and antioxidant metabolism, generally associated with combined treatments
FROM NEUROSCIENTIFIC T O NEURODIDACTIC KNOWLEDGE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND ITS TEACHERS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textThe article explores the need to update the initial training of Early Childhood Education teachers in neuroscientific knowledge with contributions to their neurodidactic training for the integrative treatment of pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge. This problem corresponds to the demands of public education policies in Chile, which leads to redefining teaching practices in coherence with the particularities of child development up to six years. The objective is to build a systematic review of articles published in journals indexed in the databases Dialnet and SciELO between the years 2016 and 2020 that address applications of neuroscientific knowledge in Early Childhood Education with contributions to training in Neurodidactics in the teachers of this level. The research procedure considered a sample of 50 articles, when inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to obtain the most relevant information. The results show five lines of research on recurrence, journals, languages, institutions, countries, the most widely used research designs and instruments, and biases with an impact on the training of the Early Childhood Education leading to future research