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Uso de TIC en Trabajo Social: Análisis de experiencias del ejercicio profesional
Get PDFEl objetivo de este artículo es “identificar y analizar críticamente el desempeño de la competencia genérica uso de TIC en la acción profesional de las/os trabajadores sociales egresados/as de la Universidad Católica de Temuco”. En términos metodológicos, es una investigación cualitativa, para lo cual se realizó un total de 9 entrevistas en profundidad. El Modelo por Competencias se focaliza en determinados aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de la educación y la gestión del talento humano, lo cual debería expresarse en desempeños demostrables. Ello no considera una reflexión problematizadora y crítica, que ponga en ten sión aspectos estructurales que expliquen las condiciones de desigualdad y exclusión, más bien tenderían a generar desempeños instrumentales y tecno-burocráticos. En el campo del Trabajo Social el uso acrítico de las TIC pone en entredicho su ethos transformador.The purpose of this article is “to identify and make a critical analysis of the perfor mance of the generic ‘use of ICT’ competence in the professional activity of social workers graduated from the Catholic University of Temuco”. In methodological terms, this is a qua litative research project, for which a total of nine in-depth interviews were carried out. The Competence-based Model focuses on certain conceptual and methodological aspects of the education and management of human talent, which should be expressed in verifiable perfor mance. It does not consider a problematising and critical reflection tending to put structural aspects into tension in order to explain conditions of inequality and exclusion, but rather to generate instrumental and techno-bureaucratic performances. In the field of Social Work, the noncritical use of ICT calls into question its transformative ethos
Sustainability and ultra-processed foods: role of youth
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to study and look at the ways how ultra-processed foodsaffecthuman and environmental health and to find alternatives to ultra-processedfoods. Sustainability refers to the efforts made to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfil their requirements. Sustainability aims at environment-friendly progress and development. World Health Organization defines healthas a state of complete physical, mental and socialwell-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Processed food is any food that has been changed in its form and nature by using certain processing techniques such as freezing, canning and dehydrating. The focus of this research is “ultra-processed foods”. Ultra-processed foods are the final food product that is processed by using chemicals and unnatural preservatives.As defined by the United Nations, youth refers to the young people who fall in the age group of 15-24 years. The problem: Ultra-processed foods and theirimpact on human and environmental wellbeing. The food processing industry is largely driven by profit-making objectives owing to the intense competition in the market. The manufacturers of food processing have to ensure thatthey do not lose out their customers to their competitors. To maintain their consumer base the manufacturers work to make their processed food desirable and attractive. In the process, they resort to the usage of such products that are unnatural and unhealthy for both the human body as well as the environment. Some of the examples of such ingredients include chemicals used for preserving, colouring, and adding texture and flavour to the natural food, refined carbohydrates, sweeteners, and processed vegetable oils.Due to the use of above-mentioned ingredients, the consumption of ultra-processed foods becomes harmful to the human body. It has been found out through research that their consumption does not add any nutritional value to the human body. Moreover, it becomes very difficult for the human body to digest ultra-processed foods. Some people become addicted to such food and it has been studied that some food products are more addictive than drugs. Apart from this, the intake of the ultra-processed foodsincreases the instances of several diseases such as heart ailments, diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity.Ultra-processed foodsalso impact the natural environment. The waste generated after the processing of the food and the handling of the waste affects the air, water and soil. The process of handling and packaging of the product results in the release of harmful chemicals and toxins in the environment. This not only affects the natural environment but also human health. The solution to this problem is to create awareness about the harmful effects of ultra-processed foods and to promote sustainable alternatives to it. The youth can play a very important role in spreading awareness about the ill-effects as well as the alternatives to the ultra-processed foods.The sample of our study is the young consumers of ultra-processed foods of the University of Delhi. This is because the youth is the largest consumer of the ultra-processed foods and they can work towards promoting more sustainable and healthy food choices and habits amongst people. The research questions are: 1) What are the different kinds of ultra-processed foods that are consumed by people?2) How does the food processing industry work?3) How can the youth be made aware about the ill-effects of ultra-processed foods?4) What are the sustainable alternatives to ultra-processed foods?5) What role youth can play in promoting sustainable alternatives?The hypotheses are: 1) Ultra-processed foods affect the environment and human well-being negatively. 2) The youth can play a positive role in promoting alternatives to ultra-processed foods.The research methodology is the theoretical and empirical analysis of the study. The nudge theory would be applied to understand how alternatives can be promoted by the youth. Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein introduced the concept of nudging and defined a nudge as “any aspect of the choice, architecture that predictably alters people’s behaviour without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.” It doesn’t mean restricting the options available to the people but it means regulating their behaviour. The questionnaires and surveys to assess the consuming habits of the people and the use of pictorial and graphical representation of the data collected through the surveys and questionnaires are used. Despite the study focuses onthe youth, the surveys were conducted with both youth andadults to make the study more inclusive and comprehensive. Keywords: Ultra-processed foods, processed foods, youth, health, environment, sustainability, food processing industry, energy consumption, food sector, food handling, waste management.El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar y observar las formas en que los alimentos procesados afectan la salud humana y ambiental y encontrar alternativas a los alimentos procesados. La sostenibilidad se refiere a los esfuerzos realizados para satisfacer las necesidades de la generación actual sin comprometer la capacidad de las generaciones futuras para cumplir con sus requisitos. La sostenibilidad tiene como objetivo el progreso y el desarrollo respetuosos con el medio ambiente. La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la salud como un estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social y no simplemente la ausencia de enfermedad o dolencia. Los alimentos procesados son los alimentos que han cambiado en su forma y naturaleza mediante el uso de ciertas técnicas de procesamiento, como congelar, enlatar y deshidratar. El foco de esta investigaciónson los “alimentos ultraprocesados”. Los alimentos ultraprocesados son el producto alimenticio final que se procesa mediante el uso de productos químicos y conservantes no naturales. Según la definición de las Naciones Unidas, la juventud se refiere a los jóvenes que se encuentran en el grupo de edad de 15 a 24 años.El problema: los alimentos ultraprocesados y su impacto en el bienestar humano y medioambiental. La industria de procesamiento de alimentos estáimpulsada en gran medida por objetivos de lucro debido a la intensa competencia en el mercado. Los fabricantes de procesamiento de alimentos deben asegurarse de no perder a sus clientes frente a sus competidores. Para mantener su base de consumidores, los fabricantes trabajan para hacer que sus alimentos procesados sean deseables y atractivos. En el proceso, recurren al uso de tales productos que no son naturales ni saludables tanto para el cuerpo humano como para el medio ambiente. Algunos de los ejemplos de tales ingredientes incluyen productos químicos utilizados para conservar, colorear y añadir textura y sabor a los alimentos naturales, carbohidratos refinados, edulcorantes y aceites vegetales procesados.Debido al uso de los ingredientes mencionados anteriormente, el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados se vuelve perjudicial para el cuerpo humano. Se ha descubierto a través de investigaciones que su consumo no agrega ningún valor nutricional al cuerpo humano. Además, al cuerpo humano le resulta muy difícil digerir los alimentos ultraprocesados. Algunas personas se vuelven adictas a dichos alimentos y se ha estudiado que algunos productos alimenticios son más adictivos que las drogas. Aparte de esto, la ingesta de alimentos ultraprocesados aumenta los casos de varias enfermedades como dolencias cardíacas, diabetes, presión arterial alta y obesidad.Los alimentos procesados también afectan el medio ambiente natural. Los residuos generados tras el procesamiento de los alimentos y el manejo de los residuos afectan el aire, el agua y el suelo. El proceso de manipulación y envasado del producto da como resultado la liberación de sustancias químicas nocivas y toxinas en el medio ambiente. Esto no solo afecta al medio ambiente natural sino también a la salud humana.La solución a este problema es crear conciencia sobre los efectos nocivos de los alimentos ultraprocesados y promover alternativas sostenibles a los mismos. Los jóvenes pueden jugar un papel muy importante en la sensibilización sobre los efectos nocivos y las alternativas a los alimentos ultraprocesados. La muestra de nuestro estudio son los jóvenes consumidores de alimentos ultraprocesados de la Universidad de Delhi. Esto se debe a que los jóvenes son el mayor consumidor de alimentos ultraprocesados y pueden trabajar para promover opciones y hábitos alimentarios más sostenibles y saludables entre las personas. Las preguntas de investigación son: 1) ¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de alimentos ultraprocesados que consumen las personas? 2) ¿Cómo funciona la industria alimentaria? 3) ¿Cómo se puede concienciar a los jóvenes sobre los efectos nocivos de los alimentos ultraprocesados? 4) ¿Cuáles son las alternativas sostenibles a los alimentos ultraprocesados? 5) ¿Qué papel pueden jugar los jóvenes en la promoción de alternativas sostenibles? Las hipótesis son: 1) Los alimentos ultraprocesados afectan negativamente al medio ambiente y al bienestar humano. 2) Los jóvenes pueden jugar un papel positivo en la promoción de alternativas a los alimentos ultraprocesados.La metodología de la investigación, es el análisis teórico y empírico del estudio. La teoría del empujón se aplicaría para comprender cómo los jóvenes pueden promover alternativas. Richard Thaler y Cass Sunstein introdujeron el concepto de codazo y definieron un codazo como "cualquier aspecto de la elección, arquitectura que altera predeciblemente el comportamiento de las personas sin prohibir ninguna opción o cambiar significativamente sus incentivos económicos". No significa restringir las opciones disponibles para las personas, sino regular su comportamiento. Se utilizan los cuestionarios y encuestas para evaluar los hábitos de consumo de las personas y el uso de representación pictórica y gráfica de los datos recogidos a través de las encuestas y cuestionarios. A pesar de que el estudio se centra en el papel de los jóvenes, las encuestas se realizaron tanto con jóvenes como con adultos para hacer el estudio más inclusivo y completo
Gramsci y la filosofía de la praxis: aportes para un proyecto ético político del Trabajo Social /
Get PDFLEGAL EPISTEMOLOGY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ENRIQUE CACE- RES COMPLEX LEGAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
No full textLaw is a complex reality made up of different natures (normative, sociological, evaluative, among others) that are relevant to its ontological construction. The legal scientist must ask himself about knowing at least on two levels. At the level of the rationality of the paradigmatic and scientific categories, concepts and models that constitute the work of legal science and, on the other, the normative, institutional, social reality in which human life develops. In this sense we can speak of a theoretical epistemology and an applied epistemology. This research, under the qua-litative modality and, through the use of philosophical and hermeneutical methods, managed to deepen the analysis of Legal Epistemology in the context of the Philosophy of Law, starting from the 'Complex Legal Constructivism' of Enrique Caceres, in the fra-mework of Applied Epistemology
University credits in voluntary liquidation bankruptcy proceedings. A look from the Chilean jurisprudence
No full textOn October 9, 2014, the old Bankruptcy Law was reformed in Chile with the new Law No. 20720 on Insolvency and Reinsolvency, creating for such purpose the voluntary liquidation bankrupt-cy proceeding. Its objective is to provide legal tools to those debtors who are economically unviable through the immediate liquidation of their assets (equity) and extinction of all their liabilities (debts), opting for economic rehabilitation. However, a discussion has arisen before the Supreme Court of Justice regarding whether university loans can be included among the debtor's liabilities in these proceedings due to the lack of legal regulation
Hydrolyzed protein from Lupinus albus (INIA-Boroa variety) for the functional food industry: An example of partnership between farmers and academia
No full textThis work presents investigations carried out to obtain by-products of bitter lupine (Lupinus albus), using a va-riety created specially in the Chilean Agricultural Research Institute (INIA). We present new information on obtaining protein isolates and hydrolysates as a way of adding value to bitter lupine, which promises to help return this crop to profitability in Chile. Lupine in this country is produced almost exclusively in the Araucania Region, for the most part by small-scale farmers of the Mapuche ethnic group. An experimental design was drawn up based on one-factor experiments, for obtaining both protein isolate and protein hydrolysate. The best process conditions were achieved with stirring times of between 60 and 90 min; the concentrations (consistency of the mixture) were between 5 and 10%, with pH of the solution 12. The maximum yield achieved was 33% pure protein isolate (dry weight). After the protein isolates had been formulated, they were characterised by their functional properties: solubility, water retention capacity, lipid adsorption index, swelling capacity and foam stability. These properties are important for determining the quality of the protein hydrolysate, as they will affect its digestibility and thus its bioavailability in the organism. The protein hydrolysate was characterised by its complete proximal parameter, vitamins, total sugars, and amino acids. These results show that Lupinus albus (var. INIA-Boroa) is an excellent raw material for the existing functional foods industry
Crisis social chilena y salud mental: una mirada desde el ciclo vital
Get PDFDurante 2019 Chile fue protagonista de masivas manifestaciones ciudadanas motivadas por desigualdades históricas. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de adultos emergentes y adultos chilenos sobre la protesta social y su relación con salud mental y bienestar social. 771 personas respondieron una encuesta en línea sobre las variables de estudio. Los resultados indican que los adultos sobre 30 años presentan mayor interés en la política y ambos grupos manifiestan un rechazo transversal al uso de violencia en protestas ciudadanas. Además, los adultos emergentes lideraron en anomia y afecto negativo, mientras que los adultos presentan mayor bienestar social y satisfacción con la vida. La protesta social chilena ha tenido consecuencias políticas y socioemocionales, las cuales permanecen hasta la actualidad.During 2019, Chilean society witnessed massive citizen demonstrations motivated by historical inequalities. The objective of this study is to compare the perception of young adults and adults about the social protests and its relation to mental health and social well-being. 711 people answered the online survey on the study factors. The results indicate that adults above the age of 30 show more interest in politics and both groups categorically reject the use of violence during the civilian protests. Moreover, the young adults showed higher results in anomie and negative affectivity, whereas adults show better social well-being and satisfaction with live. The Chilean social protest has had political and socio-emotional consequences, which remain until today
Experiencia de conservación ex-situ de Solanum fernandezianum (Solanaceae)
Get PDFSolanum fernandezianum is an endemic species in danger of extinction the Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile. The fruit was collected during March and April of 2002. The seeds were storaged for a year to 4°C. The percentage of germination in laboratory conditions was 14.3%. After 22 weeks plants initiated fl owering and fruiting. The conservation strategy considered germination of seeds, production of plants in incubation chamber, transplantation to pots and pots arranged in a greenhouse
Microwave-assisted epoxidized oil production from the wet microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana to obtain environmentally friendly epoxy resins
No full textEpoxidized oils are widely used in the polymer industry to obtain biodegradable, environmentally friendly epoxy resins. This work examines solvent extraction and oil epoxidation from a wet paste of the microalga Nanno-chloropsis gaditana using microwave technology. An appropriate extraction solvent containing a mixture of a polar and a nonpolar solvent was selected. The results reveal that a chloroform/methanol ratio of 1:1 (v/v) promotes the high selectivity of unsaturated fatty acids of the oils for epoxidation. A central composite design was used to optimize the yield of epoxidized oils. The conditions that maximized the oxirane oxygen yield to 82.43% were as follows: temperature of 95 degrees C, catalyst dosage 0.25% wt, and heptane/oil mass ratio 3:4, using a formic acid/hydrogen peroxide 0.3:1.1 molar ratio. The epoxidation kinetics of microalgal oils and a mathematical model were developed. Using the least-squares method to fit the experimental data, the epoxidation rate constant found was on the order of 10-4 L mol-1 s-1 and the activation energy of 15.62 kJ/mol. Finally, the process presented some advantages due to the elimination of the drying step and the decrease in both reaction time and solvent dosage used during extraction and epoxidation
Barrio Borde Rio, Valdivia
No full textProyecto de título para optar al grado profesional de Arquitect