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Who does Bolsonaro listen to under emergency conditions? Building a framework for analyzing informal presidential advisory networks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil
Get PDFA pesar de las evidencias sobre los asesores informales de los pre-sidentes en América Latina, la literatura sobre el tema aún es incipiente. Este artículo investiga el escenario informativo que rodeó al presidente brasileño, Jair Bolsonaro, de enero a abril de 2020, un período de toma de decisiones presidenciales sobre las medidas para combatir la pandemia de Covid-19. Para eso, se realiza un estudio de caso de las interacciones establecidas por el presi-dente brasileño basado en los registros de la Agenda del Presidente. Se utilizan herramientas de análisis de redes sociales (SNA) para examinar las evidencias. Los resultados indican que el Ministerio de Salud no fue el principal canal de información del presidente al princípio de la pandemia a pesar de su papel cen-tral en la estructura de gobernanza nacional de emergencia em salud pública. Además, revelan la elección del presidente de utilizar la presidencia como su principal soporte informativo, incluso fortaleciéndolo a través de sus poderes administrativos unilaterales. Finalmente, no hay evidencia de que el Presiden-te combinara el asesoramiento formal e informal como estrategia de acceso a la información alternativa al Ministerio de Salud, resultados que deben ser sopesados considerando el carácter parcialmente confiable de la Agenda del Presidente como fuente de evidencia relacional. El estudio ofrece un marco conceptual y metodológico para identificar y medir la estrategia de asesoría informal de los presidentes brasileños, contribuyendo al avance teórico y me-todológico de la investigación sobre el tema en América Latina.Despite evidence about the informal advisors of the presidents in Latin America, literature on this topic is still incipient. This article investigates the informational scenario that surrounded the Brazilian president, Jair Bolso-naro, from January to April 2020, a period of presidential decision-making on the measures to face the Covid-19 pandemic. In-depth case study of interac-tions established by the Brazilian president is developed based on data from the Brazilian President’s Daily Diary. Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools are used to analyze this evidence. The findings suggest that the Ministry of Health (MOH) was not the main information channel for the president at the begin-ning of the pandemic despite its central role in the national governance structu-re of public health emergencies. In addition, the analysis shows the president's choice to use the structures of the Presidency as main informational support, including strengthening them through unilateral administrative measures. Fi-nally, the results indicate that there is no evidence that the president combined formal and informal advisory as a strategy to access alternative information to the MOH. The findings should be pondered regarding the partly reliable nature of the President’s Daily Diary as a source of relational data. The study provides a conceptual and methodological framework to identify and measure the pre-sidential informal advisory strategy, contributing to the advance of research on presidential advising in Latin America
Entre el aislamiento y las brechas digitales: sistematización de experiencia de acompañamiento socioemocional en personas mayores de Temuco, Chile, en tiempos de COVID-19
Get PDFEste artículo sobre sistematización de experiencia presenta el trabajo realizado dentro
del proyecto de acompañamiento socioemocional, desarrollado durante el año 2020 en el
contexto del COVID-19 que afectó mayoritariamente a las personas mayores, el cual da
cuenta de cómo el aislamiento y las brechas digitales juegan un papel fundamental en la
salud física y mental de las personas. Uno de los cuestionamientos principales es: ¿Cómo el aislamiento y las brechas
digitales afectaron la salud mental de las personas mayores en tiempos de pandemia? Para
responder a esta interrogante se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, por medio de
técnicas como entrevistas, encuestas, registros escritos, talleres, revisión de artículos y
seminario. Los resultados se ven reflejados por medio de llamadas telefónicas realizadas por un
grupo de estudiantes en práctica a las personas mayores que participaron en el proyecto,
encontrando aquí los efectos negativos que produjo el aislamiento en su diario vivir y las
dificultades encontradas por ellos mismos al no saber manejar los medios digitales para
poder comunicarse con sus familiares y amigosThis article on systematization of experience shows the work carried out within the
socio-emotional accompaniment project developed during 2020 in the context of COVID-19,
in which elderly people were mainly affected. It shows how isolation and digital gaps play
a fundamental role in people's physical and mental health.
One of the main questions is: How did isolation and digital gaps affect the mental
health of elderly people in times of pandemic? To answer this question, a quantitative
research was carried out through techniques such as interviews, surveys, written records,
workshops, article review and seminars.
The results are reflected by means of telephone calls made by a group of students in
practice to the elderly people who participated in the project, and which revealed the
negative effects that isolation produced in their daily lives and the difficulties encountered
by them because they do not know how to handle digital media to be able to communicate
with family and friends
Role of public entrepreneurship in the progress of agricultural produces in Himalayas
Get PDFVillagers living in the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand are primarily dependent upon subsistence farming. They follow the practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one's own use, without any surplus for trade. With the growing financial needs of the villagers, some portion of their produces is now readily available for marketing. While doing so a farmer gets easily entrapped into the web of the middleman, who provides him anticipatory loans in lieu of the agricultural produces grown by him and a promise to handover those produces at a much lower prices. Under this process farmers are totally debarred from getting a real fair price for their agricultural produces which otherwise they could have fetched in the absence of a middleman. This paper showcases a real experiment done by one of the authors of this paper in which a Farmer’s Producer Organization was established with hundreds of local farmers. Farmer’s Producer Organization is ensuring true monetary value for their agricultural produces by eliminating middleman and ensuring value addition to their produces. This paper critically analyses a case of formation of a Farmer’s Producer Organization in Mukteshwar area of District Nainital, Uttarakhand. Paper also throws light over its working and the challenges being faced by new generation Farmers.Los aldeanos que viven en la región occidental de Uttarakhand en el Himalaya dependen principalmente de la agricultura de subsistencia. Siguen la práctica de cultivar y criar ganado suficiente solo para uso propio, sin ningún excedente para el comercio. Con las crecientes necesidades financieras de los aldeanos, una parte de sus productos está ahora disponible para su comercialización. Al hacerlo, un agricultor queda atrapado fácilmente en la red del intermediario, que le proporciona préstamos anticipados en lugar de los productos agrícolas que cultiva y la promesa de entregar esos productos a precios mucho más bajos. En virtud de este proceso, los agricultores están totalmente excluidos de obtener un precio justo real por sus productos agrícolas, que de otro modo podrían haber obtenido en ausencia de un intermediario. Este documento muestra un experimento real realizado por uno de los autores de este documento en el que se estableció una Organización de Productores Agrícolas con cientos deagricultores locales. Farmer's Producer Organization está asegurando un verdadero valor monetario para sus productos agrícolas al eliminar a los intermediarios y garantizar el valor agregado a sus productos. Este artículo analiza críticamente un caso de formación de una organización de productores agrícolas en el área de Mukteshwar del distrito de Nainital, Uttarakhand. El papel también arroja luz sobre su funcionamiento y los desafíos que enfrentan los agricultores de nueva generación
The quality of students' use of free time for leisure, recreation and physical activity in elementary schools in the commune of Padre las Casas, IX region, Chile
No full textThe present research aims to know the advantages and disadvantages that children aged 11-13 years have in the use of technological devices during their school day, specifically during recess, and thus make known in what they occupy their leisure time, this has been measured through an online survey that was sent to three establishments in the commune of Padre las Casas. The main objective of the study is to determine the quality of the students' use of free time for leisure, recreation and physical activity in formal education in elementary schools in the commune of Padre las Casas. The type of research to be used for this type of study is a descriptive quantitative approach. The main results of the study reveal that elementary school students in semi-urban contexts privilege movement over the use of ICT during free time at school
Design and validation of the academic satisfaction scale towards the role of the learning assistant in students of the Catholic University of Temuco
No full textA teaching and learning strategy that actively involves the student within their own learning process is peer learning. However, there is no instrument that measures the level of satisfaction towards the role of the assistant in university students. That is why the objective of this research sought to design and validate the internal structure of the student satisfaction scale towards the role of the learning assistant in students at Universidad Catolica de Temuco. Through the participation of a total of 1.106 students, an exploratory factor analysis and another confirmatory type were carried out, through structural equations, which resulted in a correct adjustment of the scale and a structure composed of the factors: mediation of learning and integration of TIC. Finally, it is considered that the psychometric validation of the scale allows to make possible the quantification of teaching-learning processes that consider the student as the center of learning
[en] Urban mobility in segregated contexts: the case of the Rubilar sector in the Temuco-Padre Las Casas intercommunity (Chile)
No full textSeveral countries present congested scenarios of spatial mobility and patterns of urban segregation, motivated by poorly designed public policies or the absence of territorial planning and management. Faced with that scenario, mobility emerges as a relevant variable that affects the growth and development of cities. In Chile, the situation is not different, the Temuco - Padre Las Casas intercomuna also shows patterns of urban segregation, so it is interesting to evaluate one of the border sectors that has a complex geomorphology for human displacement. The Rubilar sector being the object for Environmental Sustainability Indicators of urban activity in Seville, an instrument used prior to urban planning. In parallel, the instruments of territorial planning and management that intervene in the conurbation are analyzed in an exploratory way
Nanotechnology, a revolutionary technique in the food industry: systematic review
Get PDFNanotechnology has a great role in food industry in terms of processing, packaging, preservation and storage. Itprovides a wide variety of possibilities in food industry applications. This technologyis now leading in the main field of food industry with the development of other technologiesas well. Nanoencapsulation technique is widely know for successful delivery of nutrients in body with application of bioactive compound. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables the control of flavourrelease during processing and storage at the desired time and the prevention of flavour degradation. The use of nano biosensors in packaging technique that definitely detects harmful components in food, pathogen identification, changes in food characteristics and food quality. Nonetheless, there is no question that nanotechnology is making a significant contribution to the newly developed advanced technique but safety is also a major concern, when it comes to the use of this technique in food industry, growth and protection should be pushed in parallel to the overall progress of the food industry and consumers.La nanotecnología tiene un gran papel en la industria alimentaria en términos de procesamiento, envasado, conservación y almacenamiento. Proporciona una amplia variedad de posibilidades en aplicaciones de la industria alimentaria. Esta tecnología es ahora líder en el campo principal de la industria alimentaria con el desarrollo de otras tecnologías también. La técnica de nanoencapsulación es ampliamente conocida por la entrega exitosa de nutrientes en el cuerpo con la aplicación de compuestos bioactivos. Además, la nanoencapsulación permite el control de la liberación de sabor durante el procesamiento y almacenamiento en el momento deseado y la prevención de la degradación del sabor. El uso de nano biosensores en la técnica de envasado que detecta definitivamente componentes dañinos en los alimentos, identificación de patógenos, cambios en las características de los alimentos y la calidad de los alimentos. No obstante, no hay duda de que la nanotecnología está haciendo una contribución significativa a la técnica avanzada recientemente desarrollada, pero la seguridad también es una preocupación importante, cuando se trata del uso de esta técnica en la industria alimentaria, el crecimiento y la protección deben impulsarse en paralelo a la progreso general de la industria alimentaria y los consumidores
Chromosome number of two Chilean species of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae)
Get PDFSe documenta un número cromosómico 2n = 26 (x = 13) para Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. y N. glauca (Phil.)
Krasser, el cual es similar al descrito previamente para otras especies del género. Se incrementan a 13 las especies de
Nothofagus con número cromosómico conocido, existiendo dos números básicos (x = 13, 14)
The Extended Half-Skew Normal Distribution
No full textA new class of densities for modelling non-negative data, which is based on the skew-symmetric family of distributions proposed by Azzalini is introduced.We focus on the model generated by the skew-normal distribution, called Extended Half Skew-Normal distribution. Its relevant properties are studied. These are pdf, cdf, moments, mgf, and stochastic representation. The parameters are estimated by moment and maximum likelihood methods. A simulation study to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators in finite samples was carried out. Two real applications are included, in which the EHSN provides a better fit than other proposals in the literature