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Founding aspects of contemporary relations between Wallmapu, Chile and Argentina
No full textThe article focuses on the war that the States of Chile and Argentina carried out against the Mapuche people in the second half of the 19th century. Through period sources and the works of authors/s that also incorporate the Mapuche voices and letters, the phenomena of war, the livestock economy and violence are reviewed and discussed, which allows us to conclude that there was a break in the logic of the political pact for that of subordination, appropriating not only resources such as land or cattle, but also fracturing social bodies through genocide. These facts found a contemporary time that incubated the colonial situation and relationship that continues to this day
FIRST REPORTS OF INLAND WATER BENTHIC CRUSTACEANS FOR A MEDITERRANEAN-CLIMATE RIVER (CLARO RIVER BASIN, CHILE)
No full textExisting studies on central Chilean inland waters only mention records of decapods, but there are no ecological studies about decapods and other crustacean groups. The aim of the present study was a first characterization of inland water crustaceans in Claro River, a Mediterranean-climate river from Chile. The results of redundance analysis (RDA) revealed that the crab Aegla affinis inhabits waters of high pH and low temperature values, whereas amphipods of the genus Hyalella inhabit habitats with high pH, high temperatures, and low values of dissolved oxygen. Finally, ostracods (family Cyprididae), isopods (Heterias sp.) and the southern river crayfish (Samastacus spinifrons) inhabit water systems with moderate values of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. This paper represents the first ecological report for crustaceans of central Chilean inland waters, and the results appear to be similar to comparable descriptions for northern Patagonian rivers
Los peligros del presidencialismo: Análisis y nuevas reflexiones de Juan Linz
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Los peligros del presidencialismo: Análisis y nuevas reflexiones de Juan Linz
The perils of presidentialism: Juan Linz’s analysis and further reflection
Avances en la rehabilitación auditiva con células madre
No full textSegún la Organización Mundial de la Salud en el mundo hay 360 millones de personas que sufren algún tipo de pérdida auditiva discapacitante. Actualmente los tratamientos más usados para la rehabilitación de hipoacusias neurosensoriales son los aparatos electrónicos como audífonos o dispositivos implantables, tanto cocleares como osteointegrados. La presente revisión resume los avances que se han producido en la rehabilitación auditiva con células madre, y cómo éstas contribuyen en la generación de nuevas células ciliadas y neuronas auditivas. También se revisa el uso combinado con implantes cocleares, y cómo este último ayuda a la creación de redes entre las células ciliadas y las neuronas auditivas.
Si bien queda un largo camino por recorrer y poder resolver algunos problemas como la implantación en la cóclea o ganglio espiral de las células o neuronas creadas exógenamente, este tipo de terapia abre una solución para una rehabilitación auditiva que en muchos casos supondría la solución definitiva para la discapacidad auditiva.There are 360 million people who suffers some kind of Hearing loss disability according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, the electronic devices such as hearing aids or implantable devices both cochlear and osseointegrated, are the most useful treatments to hearing loss rehabilitation. The following review summarized both the advances that have occurred in the auditory rehabilitation with stem cells, and how they have helped in the generation of new hair cells and auditory neurons. Besides, both the combined use with cochlear implants and how it helps to create networks between the hair cells and the auditory neuron was reviewed.
Although, there is a long way to go and solving some problems, such as implantation in the wall or the spiral ganglion of cells or neurons created exogenously, this kind of therapy opens a solution for a rehabilitation which would be the solution definitive for hearing impairment
Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast
No full textTrace metals are naturally occurring metals found in very small concentrations in the environment. In the context of fish flesh, metals such as copper, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese are absorbed by fish and play vital roles in various physiological functions. However, if these metals exceed the recommended limits set by WHO/FAO, they are termed 'toxic metals' due to their harmful impacts on both the fish and its consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the levels of protein, lipids, and certain metals-Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in three commercially important marine fishes i.e. Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella abella, and Otolithes ruber. The study also aims to assess their potential impact on human health. The macro-Kjeldhal method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to estimate protein and lipid contents, while atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate trace metals found in fishes. The study found that these fish species are valuable sources of protein, lipids, and certain essential minerals. The protein content (CP) in these three species ranged from 63.35 to 86.57%, while lipid content was from 21.05 to 23.86%. The overall results of the trace metal concentrations analyzed in the present study revealed that Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) were found in low concentration or traces and also within suitable ranges as set by WHO/FAO. However, Iron (Fe) was absent in all three species. Moreover, both copper and potassium were found in all three species, while Zinc was present in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Sardinella abella, calcium in Sardinella abella, and sodium in Otolithes ruber only. Titanium was recorded for the first time in S. abella. However, the total health risk assessment associated with these fish food consumption was measured by THQ and TTHQ and found to be less than 1, which shows no potential risk related to trace metals found in these fishes on human health upon their consumption. In conclusion, these commercially important marine fish species were found valuable sources of protein, lipids, and essential trace minerals that are necessary for human health. Thus, the current study provides useful information for the local population to make informed decisions about their daily diets and highlights the importance of sustainable fishing practices to maintain these valuable marine resources by periodical monitoring of their ecosystem
A Virtual Reality Approach to Automatic Blood Sample Generation
Get PDFGiven the nature of the elements that make up blood, microscopes are fundamental to identifying blood cell morphology. These instruments are expensive and limited, and it is difficult to keep blood samples and their diversity in educational environments. We propose a solution based on virtual reality, that generates reliable blood samples using the automatic creation of images that simulate specific pathologies. We validated the proposal in three aspects: A method of adoption model, the validation of replicated samples and a performance test. The study and subsequent development of the mobile application were able to generate simulations of samples corresponding to a healthy adult and an adult with acute myeloid leukemia, where users can visualize, explore and obtain data on each of the elements that appear in the sample. This iteration not only verifies its technical feasibility but opens the way for future research on improving education or training processes
Effect of diet composition on maturation rate of female Atlantic salmon<i> (Salmo</i><i> salar)</i> during gonadal maturation
No full textThe influence of different diet formulations during gonadal maturation on reproductive efficiency and embryo quality in Atlantic salmon was investigated. Four diets were compared: Diet 1 contained exclusively marineorigin protein and lipid ingredients, Diet 2 involved substituting 65% of the protein and 51% of the lipid by terrestrial animal and vegetable sources, Diets 3 and 4 were commercial diets. The results showed a higher number of spawned females in the groups of fish fed with diets 1 (73.3%) and 2 (66.7%) than those fed with diets 3 (53.3%) and 4 (50%). Spawning weight and total fecundity did not differ between diets, but a strong correlation was found between these variables, independent of diet. There were no significant differences in zootechnical parameters, but the groups of fish fed the commercial diets tended to have greater weight and length. Oocyte diameter did not differ, but percent hydration was statistically different between groups fed diets 2 and 3. Although there was no difference in embryonic malformations between diets, the presence of microphthalmia correlated negatively with oocyte diameter and percent hydration in embryos obtained from the group of fish fed with Diet 3. Blastomere symmetry and survival at 280 ATU showed statistical differences between diets 3 and 4. Using high-nutritional-value marine ingredients (Diet 1) during gonadal maturation improves reproductive performance in female Atlantic salmon. Enhancing fish broodstock nutrition through targeted research can optimize reproductive success, increase yields, and promote sustainable aquaculture practices
Enhancing oral communicative competence by using formulaic expressions in young EFL learners
No full textContributions of latin american thought critical social work
Get PDFEl objetivo central de este trabajo fue analizar críticamente los aportes del Pensamiento Latinoamericano a la disciplina y la praxis del Trabajo Social, concluyendo que existe una profunda conexión entre ambos. Este trabajo ha sido desarrollado en base a la revisión y análisis bibliográfico desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, relacionando texto con el contexto histórico y la práctica disciplinaria. En tal sentido, consideramos que volver la mirada al Pensamiento Crítico Latinoamericano, no sólo es una posibilidad de nutrir de nuevos marcos conceptuales referenciales, para la generación de conocimientos y para la acción transformadora, sino que una necesidad que se inscribe en las propias transformaciones de la sociedad actual.The central objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of Latinamerican critical thinking to the discipline and practice of social work, concluding that there is a deep connection between them. This study was developed through a revision of the state of the art and a biblographic analysis from a hermeneutic perspective. Examples are given of the contribution of Latin American critical thinking in a historic, disciplinary and practical context. It is proposed that looking to the Latin American way of critical thinking within social work is an opportunity to nurture new conceptual frameworks to generate knowledge for transformative action in current society