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Voices of Mapuches traditional education in Araucanía, Chile
No full textLa incorporación del educador tradicional (sabio mapuche) al sistema educativo escolar chileno se basa en la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe para enseñar la lengua y la cultura indígena. El artículo describe los factores que influyen en la concretización de la EIB en el aula, según las voces de los educadores tradicionales mapuche. La metodología de investigación es cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo. Aplicamos entrevistas semidirigidas a los participantes y analizamos la información recopilada utilizando teoría fundamentada. Los resultados muestran que el educador tradicional percibe prácticas de discriminación e invisibilidad durante la concretización de la EIB. Este escenario incrementa el racismo y la discriminación hacia los indígenas en la educación escolar. Concluimos que los actores del sistema educativo y del entorno social se resisten a incluir a los educadores tradicionales, y no aceptan la implementación de la EIB. Creemos que estos problemas podrían revertirse articulando principios pedagógicos y educativos indígenas dentro del sistema escolar. De esta forma, es posible fortalecer la identidad sociocultural del estudiante y aumentar el compromiso de la ciudadanía con una sociedad intercultural.Incorporating the traditional educator (wise Mapuche) to the Chilean school education system is based on Bilingual Intercultural Education to teach indigenous language and culture. The article describes the factors that influence the concretization of IBE into the classroom, according to the voices of traditional Mapuche educators. The research methodology is qualitative with a descriptive approach. We apply semi-directed interviews to the participants, and we analyze the information collected using grounded theory. The results show traditional-educator perceive discrimination and invisibility practices during the concretization of the IBE. This scenario increases racism and discrimination towards indigenous people in school education. We concluded actors of the educational system and social environment resist including traditional-educators and do not accept IBE implementation. We think these problems could be reversed by articulating indigenous pedagogical and educational principles within the school system. In this way, it is possible to strengthen the socio-cultural student’s identity and increase citizens’ commitment to an intercultural society
Exclusionary Inclusion : Narratives of Basic Education Teachers and Teaching Mapuche Students
Get PDFEste articulo estudia las narrativas de docentes que se desempeñan en escuelas básicas situadas en territorio mapuche-lafkenche en la región de La Araucanía. El problema de investigación aborda la intersección entre inclusión e interculturalidad apartir de las prácticas narradas por los maestros. El método utilizado fue cualitativo con alcances descriptivos. El diseño fue un estudio de caso de tipo instrumenta. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, las que se codificaron de modo abierto y axial con el software cualitativo Atlas ti 8.0. Los principales hallazgos indican que las narrativas evidencian violencia simbólica, cultural, pedagógica y lingüística reproducida por el profesorado en la educación de los niños y niñas del Lafken-mapu, lo que refleja que los saberes del curriculum chino occidental son los que preferentemente se movilizan en aulas con población indígena.This article studies the narratives of teachers who work in basic schools located in Mapuche-Lafkenche territory in the La Araucanía region. The research problem addresses the intersection between inclusion and interculturality based on the practices narrated by the teachers. The method used was qualitative with descriptive scopes. The design was an instrument-type case study. Semi-structured interviews were applied, which were coded in an open and axial way with the qualitative software Atlas ti 8.0. The main findings indicate that the narratives show symbolic, cultural, pedagogical and linguistic violence reproduced by the teachers in the education of the Lafken-mapu boys and girls, which reflects that the knowledge of the western Chinese curriculum is theone that is preferably mobilized in classrooms with indigenous population
INTERCULTURALITY: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM AFRO-COLOMBIAN STUDIES
No full textAfro -Colombian studies is a well -established field that could contribute to the conversation about interculturality in Latin America, as it has primarily been conceived from the perspectives and experiences of indigenous peoples within the framework of mestizo or white -mestizo dominant societies. Notions of culture and cultural difference that emerge from discussions on interculturality are mostly insufficient to account for the trajectories and characteristics of Afro -descendant populations, as well as to confront the pervasive racism that underlies the web of privileges and inequalities in Colombia
Un Monumento de Solidaridad Cultural al Pueblo de Chile
Get PDFA partir del edificio construido para la Tercera Conferencia Mundial de Comercio y Desarrollo (III UNCTAD) y el proceso que lleva a la formación del Museo de la Solidaridad Salvador Allende, y poniendo el foco en el dimensión subjetiva y política que tienen los actos simbólicos, se reflexiona en torno a las disputas por el sentido del pasado que sigue generando la memoria del gobierno de Salvador Allende. Y se propone que las omisiones y los olvidos son también mecanismos instrumentales que se ponen en juego en las luchas políticas que se dan por consolidar una determinada memoria colectiva
Adaptation and Validation of the Perception of Anomie Scale in Chilean University Students
No full textThe Perception of Anomie Scale (PAS) is a measure used to evaluate the state of society and whether it is disintegrated and deregulated. Although widely used, the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance according to sex have not been studied in the Chilean university population. To explore these properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 383 students from public (45.7%) and private (54.3%) universities, with a mean age of 21.5 years (SD = 3.3). A CFA and ESEM were performed, which confirmed the two-factor correlated structure, achieving better goodness-of-fit indices by eliminating five items (RMSEA = 0.09; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95). This also provided evidence of reliability and measurement invariance according to sex. This study provides evidence of the psychometric quality of the PAS scale, thus allowing its use in the Chilean university context
GEOGRAPHICAL DETERMINISM: HISTORY AND PRESENT
No full textThe article examines the emergence and development of the theory of geographical determinism, as well as the essence of the main concepts of geographical determinism of the classical and post-classical periods. The theoretical foundations of geopolitics and the views of its main representatives are analyzed. It is noted that geographical determinism as a conceptual methodological approach does not become obsolete with the development of society, but is modernized and modified. The features of modern geographical determinism (neo-determinism) are defined and some of its directions are considered: the concept of sustainable development, the concept of green energy, geographical ethics
Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment
No full textChemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals effectively. This review is a summary of current information about CGA, including its natural sources, biosynthesis, metabolism, toxicology, role in combatting chemoresistance, and protective effects against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. It also emphasizes the potential of CGA as a pharmacological adjuvant in cancer treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, regorafenib, and radiotherapy. By analyzing more than 140 papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, we hope to find the therapeutic potential of CGA in improving cancer therapy
Terapia manual, un arma de doble filo en el manejo del dolor crónico
Get PDFLa publicación corresponde a una "Carta al Editor"Carta al Edito
One decade of b-value variations from volcano-tectonic seismicity as an early indicator of episodes of crisis in a volcano: the case of Copahue, Southern Andes
No full textVolcanoes can enter in episodes of unrest, which might end later in an eruption, with little warning. They are normally produced due to the inner dynamics of the volcano, but can also be triggered by external earthquakes. To detect these periods early, it becomes crucial to understand the dynamics of the different structures (such as fault systems) of the volcano, as they can act as magma pathways and can also generate instabilities on it. In this article we study the seismicity of Copahue (central-south Chile), which sits atop a complex system of faults, and was importantly affected by the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. We focused ourselves in the temporal variations of the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law during the 2012-2022 period. During this timeframe the volcano had a series of crises, which led to seven eruptive phases. Our results show that the system does exhibit signs of a future unrest phase weeks to months before there is a change on its alert level, and they are mostly linked to the activity of a N-S fault zone, located not beneath the main crater of Copahue, but around 10 km to the East. Most of the crises start after drops in the b-value of this structure, with sudden variations in b-value being also noticeable as a response to the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake. Our results show a correlation between instances of fluid injection and release in the relevant structures of an active volcano with the variations of the b-value. This allow us to use the temporal variations of the b-value as a tool to anticipate the inner dynamics of the system, particularly when there is a strong structural control on it, such as in the case of Copahue. We also found out that the influence of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake was long-lived, affecting mostly the structures that later destabilized the volcano for the most part of a decade, therefore enhancing magma injection into the whole system. This seems to have changed since 2021, which might indicate a waning in the influence of the megathrust earthquake in Copahue volcano