4982 research outputs found
Sort by
Use of strategic foresight, spatial planning and impact assessment for the sustainability of agricultural systems
Get PDFLa complejidad e incertidumbre de transformar los sistemas de producción agrícola futuros en sistemas sostenibles requiere de evaluaciones holísticas y prospectivas, que involucren las interacciones dinámicas, entre agricultura, economía, sociedad y medio ambiente. En este sentido, se requieren modelos holísticos, que incluyan la prospectiva estratégica y el desarrollo territorial en la evaluación de la sostenibilidad de estos sistemas, a escala regional. Este documento, a través de análisis bibliográfico 1) identifica los avances en prospectiva estratégica, ordenación territorial y evaluaciones de impacto territorial en el contexto agrícola y los enfoques integrales de evaluación de la sostenibilidad agrícola a escala regional y 2) genera las bases para una nueva aproximación de la evaluación de la sostenibilidad del sistema agrícola a escala regional y del desarrollo territorial, con base en los avances identificados. Los resultados muestran que la prospectiva estratégica, la ordenación del territorio y las evaluaciones de impacto territorial han avanzado en un enfoque integral proporcionando, además, una visión y evaluación estratégica de los sistemas. Así, también, se mencionan como factores de éxito, el establecimiento de una buena gobernanza, la co-creación de los escenarios estratégicos, el uso de unidades homogéneas en la planificación, una amplia disponibilidad de datos ambientales y sociales con resolución espacial y temporal y la inclusión de nuevas herramientas analíticas y computacionales. La proyección del trabajo vincula los objetivos de la evaluación de los sistemas agrícolas para el desarrollo territorial sostenible, en un marco de acción integral.The complexity and uncertainty of transforming future agricultural production systems into sustainable systems require holistic and prospective evaluations that understand the dynamic interactions between agriculture, the economy, society, and the environment. In this sense, holistic models need that include strategic foresight and territorial development in evaluating the sustainability of these systems on a regional scale. This document, through bibliographic analysis: 1) identifies the advances in strategic foresight, land use planning, and land impact assessments in the agricultural context and comprehensive approaches to assessing agricultural sustainability at a regional scale; and, 2) it generates the bases for a new approach to the evaluation of the sustainability of the agricultural system on a regional scale and territorial development based on the advances identified. The results show that strategic foresight, spatial planning, and territorial impact evaluations have advanced in a comprehensive approach, providing a vision and strategic evaluation of the systems. The establishment of good governance, the co-creation of strategic scenarios, homogeneous units in planning, the wide availability of environmental and social data with a spatial and temporal resolution, and the inclusion of new ones are considered success factors—analytical and computational tools. The projection of the work links the objectives of the evaluation of agricultural systems for sustainable territorial development in a comprehensive action framework
Prácticas de evaluación e intervención fonoaudiológica en niñas y niños bilingües hablantes de lenguas originarias
No full textInvestigaciones recientes han documentado escasez de fonoaudió-logas/os multilingües y falta de herramientas para trabajar con niñas y niños que aprenden más de una lengua. Este estudio explora los procesos de evaluación e intervención fonoaudiológica orientada a niñas y niños bilingües que, además del español, hablan alguna de las lenguas originarias presentes en Chile. En esta investigación cualitativa, la producción de información se realizó por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, que abordaron cuatro objetivos específicos: caracterización de fonoaudiólogas/os, descripción de la evaluación fonoaudiológica, descripción de la intervención fonoaudiológica y des-cripción de las adaptaciones a la evaluación e intervención fonoaudiológicas.Se reportan seis categorías de análisis, que dan cuenta de factores que inciden en la evaluación e intervención fonoaudiológicas. La triangulación por investigadores externos corrobora el análisis propuesto por las autoras. Los hallazgos muestran falta de herramientas y de formación profesional para el trabajo con bilingües en lengua nativa. Las profesionales adaptan sus prácticas para dar cuenta de las reales habilidades lingüístico-comunicativas de sus usuarias/os. Se dan sugerencias para enfrentar los vacíos en la formación profesional.Recent research has documented a shortage of multilingual speech pathologists and a need for more resources to work with children learning multiple languages. This study explores the assessment and speech-language intervention processes aimed at bilingual children who speak any other nati-ve language in Chile besides Spanish. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews, which addressed four specific goals: speech-lan-guage pathologists’ characterization, description of the speech-language as-sessment, description of the speech-language intervention, and description of the adaptations to the assessment and intervention. Six categories of analy-sis that impact speech therapy assessment and intervention are reported. The triangulation by external researchers corroborates the categories proposed by the authors. The findings show a lack of tools and professional training for wor-king with bilingual speakers of native languages, and as a result, professionals must adapt their practices to account for the actual linguistic-communicative skills of children. Suggestions are given to address gaps in professional training
Characterization of anti-soybean agglutinin (SBA) IgY antibodies: a new strategy for neutralization of the detrimental biological activity of SBA
No full textAnti-soybean agglutinin (SBA) IgY was produced, and its potential to neutralize the haemagglutinating activity of SBA in vitro was tested. Thirty-five-week-old hens [treatment (n = 5) and control (n = 5)] were immunized with SBA or injected with saline 4 times every 15 days. Eggs were collected after the last immunization, and IgY was extracted using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. Serum anti-SBA IgY titres in immunized hens increased after the first immunization and reached a plateau between days 45 and 60. In contrast, specific IgY titres in the control group remained at basal levels throughout the evaluation. Average IgY titres were significantly higher in the treatment group on days 15, 30, 45, and 60. Total IgY content in the egg yolk extract was 38.7 +/- 1.6 and 37.7 +/- 1.5 mg/ml for the treatment and control groups, respectively. The specific anti-SBA IgY titer detected in the egg yolk extract was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for hens in the treatment group compared to the control group, with OD450nm values of 0.98 +/- 0.05 and 0.058 +/- 0.02, respectively. The specificity of anti-SBA IgY was confirmed by the Western blotting, and the inhibition of SBA-induced haemagglutination in vitro was compared with D-galactose, a known molecule that binds to SBA and blocks its binding to erythrocytes. The inhibition of SBA-induced haemagglutination by the anti-SBA IgY reached 512 units of haemagglutination inhibition (UHI), compared to 8 or 256 UHI, respectively, when IgY from control chickens or D-galactose was used. Thus, anti-SBA IgY antibodies were efficiently produced in large quantities and effectively inhibited SBA-induced haemagglutination in vitro
Recuperando el rol de la mujer y la familia en la unión del Chacha-Warmi en la cultura aymara del altiplano peruano desde la perspectiva del Derecho de Género
Get PDFLos grandes esfuerzos de la resistencia intelectual, así como su capacidad de incidencia en la teoría y funciones del Derecho, en las reformas legales que se ven opacadas en su implementación práctica por parte de los Estados, ocultaron la realidad de la marginación de las mujeres. Propiciaron una desigualdad que instaló a la mujer en una situación donde se incrementó su vulnerabilidad, y los Estados no han logrado establecer medios efectivos que permitan prevenir, investigar, sancionar acciones que contravengan con el respeto de los derechos que emanan en la legislación peruana. Este problema se ha ido asentando en nuestra realidad, ya desde épocas pasadas, siendo relativamente una postura heredada a partir de nuestra herencia occidental, quienes por la gran influencia que mantenían de la religión, posturas filosóficas antropocentristas y una crianza patriarcal, lograron expandir esta ideología hasta los años ochenta donde se dio una revolución doctrinal que ocasionó diversos cambios en la sociedad, por ende, en las normas y el Estado. Como resultado, consideramos que el Perú, usando su potestad normativa, está intentado mejorar la situación de desprotección a la mujer. Empero concluimos que es necesario conseguir la convergencia de una pluralidad de culturas, en las que se resalta la forma en como se ha desarrollado el matrimonio, siendo la concepción del Chacha-warmi una manifestación de la cultura aymara y andina, en donde, por la aplicación de los principios que caracterizan su cosmovisión cultural, pueden servirnos para revalorar el rol de la mujer tanto en su desempeño en la familia y en la sociedad.The great efforts of intellectual resistance, and the real ability of such resistance to influence legal theory and functions in legal reforms whose practical implementation has been debilitated by States, have concealed the reality of the mar¬ginalization of women. They have fostered an inequality that places women in a situation where their vulnerability is increased, and States have been unable to establish effective means to prevent, investigate, and sanc-tion actions that contravene respect for the rights arising from Peruvian leg-islation. This problem became established in our society in the distant past, being principally a position inherited from those who imposed our Western heritage, and who expanded this ideology through the powerful influence of their religion, their anthropocentric philosophy and their patriarchal system of bringing up children. It was only in the 1980s that a doctrinal revolution oc-curred that led to various changes in society, and therefore in the laws and the State. We consider that Peru, through its legislative powers, is now trying to reduce the vulnerability of women. However, we conclude that it is necessary to achieve the convergence of a large number of cultures, as can be seen in the way in which marriage has developed: the Chacha-warmi form of marriage is a manifestation of the Aymara Andean culture which can help us to reassess the role of women both in their position in the family and in society, through the application of the principles that characterize this cultural worldview
Experiencia de fusión gastronómica entre Chile y Haití; una forma de integración cultural con la comunidad haitiana residente en Chile
Get PDFEl fenómeno migratorio ha impactado fuertemente a Chile en los últimos años, siendo la comunidad haitiana una de las poblaciones inmigran-tes de mayor crecimiento. Las familias haitianas que llegan al país no sólo deben enfrentarse a nuevas costumbres y estilos de vida, sino también deben franquear la barrera idiomática. Su situación laboral y de vida es precaria, lo que podría explicar una mayor prevalencia de malnutrición en niños y niñas. Como una forma de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de su alimentación, y en el marco de la adjudicación de fondos de extensión de la Facultad, se llevó a cabo un programa de integración culinaria entre preparaciones habituales de Chile y Haití. Este programa se desarrolló en conjunto con mujeres haitianas residentes en la comuna Pedro Aguirre Cerda de Santiago, iniciando con un diagnóstico participativo que permitió adecuar la planificación del pro-yecto. Luego se llevaron a cabo los talleres de cocina propiamente tal, donde se elaboraron en conjunto preparaciones típicas y/o habituales de Haití y de Chile, aprovechando dicha instancia para resaltar los beneficios nutricionales de los alimentos, además de promover técnicas culinarias saludables, medidas de prevención de riesgos y de higiene en la manipulación de alimentos. Finalmente, un subgrupo de mujeres haitianas participó en la creación de platos “fusión”, mezcla de un plato haitiano y otro chileno, manteniendo lo mejor de cada uno de acuerdo con aspectos nutricionales, organolépticos y culturales. Las rece-tas resultantes fueron plasmadas en un recetario, escrito en español y creole y en videos con el paso a paso para su preparación. Se espera que estos nuevos platos sean adoptados por las familias haitianas al coexistir elementos de su propia cultura gastronómica, matizados con alimentos, técnicas y formas de preparación chilenas, siendo atractivos, nutritivos y con pertinencia cultural.The migratory phenomenon has strongly impacted Chile in recent years, with the Haitian community being one of the fastest growing immi-grants. Haitian families arriving the country must not only face new customs and lifestyles, but they must also overcome the language barrier. Their work and life situation are precarious, which could explain the higher prevalence of malnutrition in boys and girls. As a way to contribute to improve the quality of their food, and within the framework of the allocation of extension funds from the Faculty of Medicine, a culinary integration program was carried out between habitual preparations from Chile and Haiti. This program was deve-loped in conjunction with Haitian women residing in Pedro Aguirre Cerda, commune of Santiago, beginning with a participative diagnosis that allowed the planning of the project to be adapted. Then, the cooking workshops were carried out, where typical and/or habitual preparations of Haiti and Chile were jointly prepared, taking advantage of this opportunity to highlight the nutri-tional benefits of food, in addition to promote healthy culinary techniques, risks prevention measures and hygiene in food handling. Finally, a subgroup of Haitian women participated in the creation of “fusion” dishes, a mixture of a Haitian and a Chilean dish, keeping the best of each according to nutritional, organoleptic, and cultural aspects. The resulting recipes were captured in a recipe book, written in Spanish and Creole, and in videos with step-by-step preparation. It is expected these new dishes to be adopted by Haitian families by coexisting elements of their own gastronomic culture, nuanced with Chilean foods, techniques, and forms of preparation, being attractive, nutritious and culturally relevant
Adjuvant Properties of Caffeic Acid in Cancer Treatment
No full textCaffeic acid (CA) is a polyphenol belonging to the phenylpropanoid family, commonly found in plants and vegetables. It was first identified by Hlasiwetz in 1867 as a breakdown product of caffetannic acid. CA is biosynthesized from the amino acids tyrosine or phenylalanine through specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Extensive research since its discovery has revealed various health benefits associated with CA, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These effects are attributed to its ability to modulate several pathways, such as inhibiting NFkB, STAT3, and ERK1/2, thereby reducing inflammatory responses, and activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway to enhance antioxidant cell defenses. The consumption of CA has been linked to a reduced risk of certain cancers, mitigation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced toxicity, and reversal of resistance to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. This suggests that CA could serve as a useful adjunct in cancer treatment. Studies have shown CA to be generally safe, with few adverse effects (such as back pain and headaches) reported. This review collates the latest information from Google Scholar, PubMed, the Phenol-Explorer database, and ClinicalTrials.gov, incorporating a total of 154 articles, to underscore the potential of CA in cancer prevention and overcoming chemoresistance
Green composites based on thermoplastic starch reinforced with micro- and nano-cellulose by melt blending - A review
No full textStarch is a biodegradable biopolymer, a sustainable material that can replace conventional petrochemical-based plastics. However, starch has some limitations, as it must be processed by heating and treated mechanically with a plasticizer to become thermoplastic starch (TPS). Different variables such as mixing speeds, amount, and kind of plasticizers play a vital role in preparing TPS by melting. Despite this, the properties of the TPS are not comparable with those of traditional plastics. To overcome this limitation, microcellulose or nanocellulose is added to TPS by melt mixing, including the extrusion and internal mixing process, which enables large-scale production. This review aims to compile several studies that evaluate the effect of plasticizers, as well as the relevance of incorporating different cellulosic fillers of different dimensions on the properties of TPS obtained by melt mixing. Potential applications of these materials in food packaging, biomedical applications, and other opportunities are also described
Pyrolysis of Chilean Southern Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Isoconversional Kinetics Analysis and Pyrolytic Products Distribution
No full textBiomass provides potential benefits for obtaining value-added compounds instead of straight burning; as Chile has forestry potential that supports such benefits, it is crucial to understand the biomasses' properties and their thermochemical behaviour. This research presents a kinetic analysis of thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis of representative species in the biomass of southern Chile, heating biomasses at 5 to 40 & DEG;C & BULL;min(-1) rates before being subjected to thermal volatilisation. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from conversion using model-free methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Friedman (FR)), as well as the Kissinger method based on the maximum reaction rate. The average Ea varied between KAS 117 and 171 kJ & BULL;mol(-1), FWO 120-170 kJ & BULL;mol(-1), and FR 115-194 kJ & BULL;mol(-1) for the five biomasses used. Pinus radiata (PR) was identified as the most suited wood for producing value-added goods based on the Ea profile for the conversion (& alpha;), along with Eucalyptus nitens (EN) for its high value of reaction constant (k). Each biomass demonstrated accelerated decomposition (an increase in k relative to & alpha;). The highest concentration of bio-oil containing phenolic, ketonic, and furanic compounds was produced by the forestry exploitation biomasses PR and EN, demonstrating the viability of these materials for thermoconversion processes
Indigenous language and social justice as recognition: a participatory study with a Mapuce school
No full textThe structure of the national educational system negatively affects the recognition of indigenous Mapuce people, who have been affected with regards to love, equal treatment and social esteem, as understood from the social justice approach of recognition described by Axel Honneth. This is evident in the indigenous knowledge and practices that have been removed from the Chilean school curriculum. This research was carried out through a participatory study using the dialogic-kishu kimkelay ta che methodology, forming a research community with professors, kimces and academics. The results relay, from the voices of the community, the work developed to reverse injustices such as disparagement toward the indigenous language at school, this was achieved through actions for reciprocal recognition based on the incorporation of educational practices associated with the language regarding sonority, nature and territory
Exploring the vegetation of the coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, southern Chile: a vascular plant inventory
No full textBackgroundIn areas of low disturbance, such as the Aysen Region of Chile, the presence of roads can inadvertently facilitate the spread of invasive species. To address this issue, it is imperative to maintain up-to-date biological inventories, as they serve as a primary source of information for the conservation of species and ecosystems. However, the maintenance of systematic inventories of vascular plants in Chile is virtually non-existent, especially outside protected wilderness areas. The data we have come from an inventory of vascular plant species along a stretch of coastal road in Puerto Cisnes (Aysen Region), characterised by a cut slope in the rock. The site is located between mountain ranges, in a region known for its protected wilderness areas and low levels of anthropogenic alteration. The study adopted an observational sampling design, using the road as a transect. For each species identified, the growth substrate, habit and dispersal mode were recorded. A total of 70 species (36 herbs, 23 shrubs and 11 trees) belonging to 42 families were found. The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (nine species) and Myrtaceae (four species). We recorded nine introduced species belonging to seven botanical families (Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Crocosmia crocosmiiflora (Lemoine ex Burb. & Dean) N.E.Br., Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, Digitalis purpurea L., Lotus pedunculatus Cav., Plantago lanceolata L., Polygonum campanulatum Hook. f., Prunella vulgaris L., Rubus constrictus Lefevre & P.J.Mull). Of these nine species, seven are invasive, while the remaining two species have not been assessed for invasive potential (i.e. Crocosmia crocosmiiflora and Polygonum campanulatum). In particular, Crocosmia crocosmiiflora and Rubus constrictus are new regional records. The majority of species were found growing on the ground (44 species), while a significant proportion were found exclusively on rocky slopes (17 species). According to their seed dispersal mechanism, the most common syndromes were anemochory (32 species) and ornithochory (20 species). Other mechanisms such as mammalochory, ballochory or myrmecochory were less common (less than four species)