4982 research outputs found
Sort by
Structure and genetic diversity of Canadian Maritimes wild hops
No full textStudies on the northeastern American native hops (Humulus lupulus ssp. lupuloides) from the Canadian Maritimes are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity among 25 wild-collected hops from three Canadian Maritime provinces using microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) markers. Based on 43 SSR markers, four distinct subgroups were found, with a low molecular variance (19%) between subgroups and a high variance (81%) within subgroups. The Nei's unbiased genetic distance between clusters ranged from 0.01 to 0.08, the genetic distance between clusters 2 and 3 being the farthest and that between clusters 1 and 2 the closest. Cluster 2 captured the highest overall diversity. A total of 18 SSR markers clearly discriminated hop clones by detecting putative subspecies-specific haplotypes, differentiating clones of native-wild H. lupulus ssp. lupuloides from the naturalized old and modern hop cultivars. Seven of the 18 SSR markers also differentiated two clones from the same site from one another. The study is the first, using molecular markers, to identify SSR markers with potential for intellectual property protection in Canadian Maritimes hops. The SSR markers herein used can be prime tools for hop breeders and growers in the region
Isotopes and bioarchaeology in the Andes: Diet, life histories, and ritual
No full textIn this article, we present an isotopic perspective of key research questions in Andean bioarchaeology, focusing on the ways in which stable and radiogenic isotope analyses have contributed to our understanding of the past. Andean archaeology offers a window into long-term processes of economic, socioecological and political change since the mid-Holocene, thus providing historical trajectories of socio-ecological change relevant for global comparison. The spatial scale of this review includes the areas traditionally identified as the south-central Andes and the southern Andes. These ecological scenarios are characterised by marked topographic, climatic and ecological variations that are fruitful for the application of isotopes to understand diet, mobility, migration and ritual in past human societies. Within the broader Andean context, here we focus on the growth of bioarchaeological applications of isotopic data. We discuss some major themes of economic production, mobility and exploitation of environmental diversity, maize agriculture, migrations in small- and large-scale societies and ritual practices related to human sacrifices and body modifications. Building on this, we discuss theoretical and methodological trends and directions for future research combining bioarchaeology and isotopes in the Andes
Factors Associated with the Detection of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in Primary Health Care: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: The treatment of childhood cancer has achieved important advances evidencing a significant increase in overall survival; however, the diagnosis of these cases still seems late. Among the main causes for the delay in diagnosis are the issues related to the health system and the first professional who performs the care. The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of primary care physicians and nurses about the most common signs and symptoms of pediatric cancers, as well as the factors related to the obtained scores.
Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study, developed in municipalities in the northeastern region of Brazil. Fifty-one professionals (physicians and nurses) were interviewed through a questionnaire structured as a quiz game about knowledge, training and attitudes regarding the signs and symptoms of childhood cancer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of professional characteristics on the number of correct answers on the implemented questionnaire on knowledge of childhood and adolescent cancer.
Results: In the bivariate analysis, the results indicated that the type of employment relationship influences the number of correct answers in the questionnaire used. However, when adjusted for covariates, only the professional category, which means being a medical professional, showed a significant effect on the number of correct answers (β=− 7.50, p=0.001).
Conclusion: The type of employment relationship of medical professionals and nurses working in primary care had an influence on the number of correct answers for knowledge of childhood and adolescent cancer, but only the professional category (physician) was associated with the highest number when controlled by covariables, thereby justifying the need to improve the curricular training of nurses and greater investments in primary health care for continuing health education that includes infant and adolescent oncology
Validation of the questionnaire to measure Chilean teachers' perception of school violence and coexistence management (VI plus GEC)
No full textIn this article, we present the development and validation of a psychometric scale that measures the teacher's perception in the Chilean school system with respect to elements of school violence and coexistence management. The novelty lies in the incorporation of factors that address violence from teachers to students, from students to teachers and coexistence management. A total of 1072 teachers from the Northern, Central, Southern and Metropolitan macro-zones of Chile participated, with ages between 22 and 76 years (M=44.56; SD=10.52) and from 1 to 54 years of work (M=17.14; SD=10.38). 76.3% identify with the female gender and 23.7% with the male gender. Of the teachers, 78.4% worked mainly in the classroom and the rest performed managerial or administrative functions outside the classroom in the school. The school violence and coexistence management questionnaire for teachers (VI+GEC) was used. The validity of the scale was demonstrated by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent validity analysis and discriminant validity. Reliability was demonstrated by means of McDonald's omega coefficient in all the factors of the scale. An analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) found a mean, and statistically significant influence of the perception of coexistence management on the perception of school violence. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on school violence and coexistence management
Visual Image in the Novel El sistema del tacto by Alejandra Costamagna
No full textThe recent Spanish-language novel stands out for the revaluation of the visual procedures present throughout history of art, especially from the use of the photographic image as a narrative correlate. An important part of the critical and academic reception, together with market validation, has thematized this practice under the concepts of hybridity and interdisciplinarity as a new horizon in contemporary literature. In particular, Chilean literature offers several cases in which the use of the technical visual apparatus has had a specific relevance during the last twenty years. In this sense, the novel El sistema del tacto (2019) by the writer Alejandra Costamagna allows us to observe how the aesthetic procedure operates and, from a retrospective look, invites us to review their different drifts in recent literary production. So we ask, what is the role of the camera in a world saturated with images? And what does the analysis of these materials offer us in relation to the concepts of hybridity and interdisciplinarity? In order to understand this problem, we have synthetically reviewed the theoretical perspectives that have incorporated such texts in their analysis and the way in which the image emerges in this novel
Renewable Wind Energy Implementation in South America: A Comprehensive Review and Sustainable Prospects
No full textSouth America is a region that stands out worldwide for its biodiversity of ecosystems, cultural heritage, and potential considering natural resources linked to renewable energies. In the global crisis due to climate change, South American countries have implemented actions to carry out a progressive energy transition from fossil energies to renewable energies and contribute to the planet's sustainability. In this context, South American countries are implementing green strategies and investment projects linked to wind farms to move towards achieving the sustainable development goals for the year 2030 of the UN agenda and achieving low-carbon economies for the year 2050. This article studies the advances in wind energy implementation in South America, highlighting progress and experiences in these issues through a review of the scientific literature considering the year 2023. The methodology applied in this article was carried out through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the generation of scientific maps. As a result, this article presents the main developments, lessons learned/gaps, and future sustainable prospects on the road to 2050. According to the results, renewable wind energy infrastructure was applied in South America during the global climate change crisis era. Different levels of development in on-shore wind farms have been reached in each country. Also, a promising future exists for off-shore wind energy considering the highest potential. Finally, this article concludes that implementing emerging technologies like the production of green hydrogen and synthetic e-fuels looks like a synergetic clean energy solution combined with wind energy, which may transform the region into a world-class sustainable territory
TBA(FeCl<sub>3</sub>Br) Complex as a Photocatalyst in the C<sub>sp3</sub>-H Bond Activation in Alcohols for the Synthesis of N-Based Heterocycles
No full textThe TBA(FeCl3Br) complex, formed in situ by the simple mixture of FeCl3 and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) in MeCN, has been proven to be an outstanding photocatalyst to promote the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, under blue-light irradiation. Herein, we describe the synthesis of benzochalcogenazoles and quinazolinones by the reaction with suitable ortho-substituted anilines and alcohols under mild conditions. Among the green features, the method reduces the need of derivatization circumventing the use of aldehydes as substrate and allows the isolation of the quinazolinones by precipitation after washing the crude with ethyl ether, avoiding the need of purification by column chromatography
Essential Mapuche knowledge for an effective intercultural schooleducation : perspectives of traditional educators
Get PDFThis article presents traditional Mapuche knowledge that has been identified as essential in the pedagogical practices of several traditional educators (Kimche) in implementing the bilingual intercultural education program (PEIB) in Chile. This research is qualitative, and the semi-directed interview is used for gathering information. The information analysis technique is thematic analysis. The main results identify expressions of traditional Mapuche knowledge categorized based on sociocultural practices and spirituality. This knowledge, which is present in the social memory of the Kimche, is considered an essential part of their pedagogical practices to ensure cultural and territorial identity. We conclude that there is a challenge involved in incorporating this knowledge of the indigenous cosmogony and its experiential dimensions within the framework of the PEIB. This knowledge forms the basis of Mapuche experiential and community education, through which it is possible to strengthen the intercultural formation of children and young people by learning indigenous languages and cultures. The intercultural approach promotes a gateway towards engaging indigenous knowledge with contents of the school curriculum that reinforces the sociocultural identity of children through their social practices coherently with the educational pillars defined by UNESCO
Evaluation of Rainfall-Induced Landslides triggeringusing a multidisciplinary approach
Get PDFIn a large part of South America, slow landslides are triggered by extremehydrometeorological conditions leading to, for instance, Rainfall-InducedLandslides – RILs. These RILs are common in urban areas and have a negativeimpact on the population and infrastructure development. Despite theirimportance, these events are little understood. We aimed at understandingthe spatial distribution of RILs in the urban zone of Temuco, Chile (38.8°S,72.6°W). The area has the typical hydrometeorological conditions of southernChile. We conducted our assessment with a temporal analysis of shallowdeformations, obtained by synthetic aperture radar interferometry (Sentinel1 A/B). These shallow deformation rates were compared with satelliteprecipitation data (CHIRPS product) and electrical resistivity tomography(ERT). We identified active RIL-prone zones with deformation rates greaterthan 60 mm during the period 2014 to 2017, supporting theories ofhydrometeorological control. Slow movements were observed in volcanicsoils, suggesting the influence of their geotechnical characteristics. Our resultscan be extrapolated to the southern Andes (35°S-43°S), where a large numberof volcanic-sedimentary units are susceptible to RILs. Finally, integration ofour multidisciplinary approach will facilitate understanding of the local RILdynamics, allowing a better risk management to decision-makers in SouthAmerican and other developing countries
Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Heavy Metals via Dietary Intake of Rainbow Trout in the Influence Area of a Smelting Facility Located in Peru
No full textAbandoned mining-metallurgical sites can significantly impact the environment and human health by accumulating heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. The water in the sub-basin near an abandoned smelting facility in the city of La Oroya, Peru, is primarily used for pisciculture. The objective of this study was to assess the risk to human health from exposure to heavy metals via dietary intake of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the influence area of a smelting facility located in the central Andean region of Peru. The bioconcentration factor, biosediment accumulation factor, and consumption risks were evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the concentrations of elements (Zn > Pb > Cu > As) in rainbow trout muscle did not exceed the maximum limit (ML). However, the water significantly exceeded the ML for Pb in all sectors and As in the lower and middle parts of the river. The concentration of Pb in sediments also significantly exceeded the ML in the upper and lower parts of the river. Consequently, rainbow trout consumption in the study area presents risks to human health due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals, with a 1.27% carcinogenic risk in samples from the lower part of the river