4982 research outputs found
Sort by
The 21st century disaster: The COVID-19 epidemiology, risk factors and control
No full textThe 21st century will be indelible in the world as ruin of the outbreak of COVID-19 was arose in Wuhan, China has now spread all over the world, up to August 2020. This study was based on the factors affecting the epidemiology of this virus in human societies of global concern. We studied the articles published in journals on various aspects of nCoVID19. The Wikipedia and WHO situation reports have also been searched out for related information. Outcomes were followed up until 2020. The COVID-19 is a virus with pandemic potential which may continue to cause regular infection in human. The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 threatened public health across the globe in form of system as reflected in the shape of emergency. Approximately 21 million humans are infected and 759,400 have lost their lives till 2020 in all over the world. We have described epidemiological features, reservoirs, transmission, incubation period, rate of fatality, management including recent clinical chemotherapeutic approach and preventive measurements and masses which are at risk of COVID19. This virus causes viral pneumonia when it attacks on respiratory system and multiple failure which can leads to life threatening complications. It is believed to be zoonotic importance although it is not clear from which animal and how it is transmitted. Zoonotic transmission of COVID-19 has not yet known by science. The current study will help to establish a baseline for early effective control of this rapidly spreading severe viral illness. The available data on COVID-19 indicates that older males with comorbidities would have been more infected, which can result in severe respiratory complications. Implementation of preventive measurements, investigation of proper chemotherapeutics and detection of cross species transmission agents must be ensured.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
High-resolution melting of the cytochrome B gene in fecal DNA: A powerful approach for fox species identification of the Lycalopex genus in Chile
No full textEasy, economic, precise species authentication is currently necessary in many areas of research and diagnosis in molecular biology applied to conservation studies of endangered species. Here, we present a new method for the identification of three fox species of the Lycalopex genus in Chile. We developed an assay based on high-resolution melt analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene, allowing a simple, low cost, fast, and accurate species determination. To validate the assay applicability for noninvasive samples, we collected fecal samples in the Atacama Desert, finding unexpectedly one species outside of its known distribution range. We conclude that the assay has a potential to become a valuable tool for a standardized genetic monitoring of the Lycalopex species in Chile
Cooperación estratégica para un régimen de vitalidad frente al COVID en las regiones de Atacama, Valparaíso y Metropolitana de Santiago
Get PDFEl artículo presenta la primera etapa de un estudio sobre la construcción de un régimen de vitalidad frente al COVID, la pregunta orientadora es, ¿cuáles son las características de las interacciones de prevención y el acompañamiento? A nivel conceptual se usaron dos categorías desde la perspectiva constructivista, estas son: régimen de vitalidad y comunidad creativa, desde las cuales se interpreta la red sociotécnica basada en cooperaciones estratégicas. A nivel metodológico se usó la etnograf ía multimodal, multicanal y multiplataforma, se abordaron seis casos que fabrican mascarilla, protector facial o alimentos. El análisis trabajó con datos digitales de acceso pú-blico y gratuito, buscó reconocer las variables que participan en la creación, adaptación y uso de artefactos o que median, traducen y enrolan grupos sociales. Entre los resultados se encuentran dos hipótesis que inter-pretan el comportamiento de la red sociotécnica del régimen de vitalidad.The article presents the first stage of a study on the construction of a vitality regimen against COVID, the guiding question is, what are the charac-teristics of the prevention and accompaniment interactions?At the conceptual level, two categories were used from the constructivist perspective, these are: vitality regime and creative community, from which the sociotechnical network based on strategic cooperation is interpreted. At the methodological level, multimodal, multichannel and multiplatform ethno-graphy was used, six cases that manufacture masks, face shields or food were addressed. The analysis worked with free public access digital data, seeking to recognize the variables that participate in the creation, adaptation and use of artifacts or that mediate, translate and enroll social groups. Among the results are two hypotheses that interpret the behavior of the sociotechnical network of the vitality regime
Mutable conditions: alterhuman agencies in the short narrative of contemporary Latin American authors
No full textBalancing act: Navigating the tensions between patenting practices and open science in Chilean academic research
No full textThis study aims to understand the relationship between academic patenting and secrecy in three key areas: the delay in publishing patentable results, the refusal of requests for research outcomes, and the perception of patent clarity drafting. Based on a dataset of Chilean university researchers, we conduct logistic regression models to understand the propensity to delay the publishing of patentable results, the probability of denying requests for research outcomes, and the likelihood of researchers perceiving their patents as clearly drafted. Controls used relate to the seniority of the researcher, the scientific field, whether the university is private or public, and whether the researcher previously worked with industry. Additionally, some constructs reflecting the researcher's perception regarding the patenting system within academic research were obtained through exploratory factor analysis and then incorporated as controls. The analysis reveals a positive correlation between prior patenting experience and publication delay. However, we found no correlation between previous patenting and the propensity to reject requests for research results. Both behaviors were negatively correlated to researcher seniority, gauged by the h-index, and positively correlated to forestry and agricultural technology sciences activity. Researchers who experienced denial of their requests were more likely to reciprocate refusal. Notably, a negative perception of the patent system within academic research was associated with a belief in drafting clearer patents. These findings suggest an environment of selective openness in academic networks, with researchers balancing full disclosure and secrecy. The paper studies three dimensions of secrecy in academic patenting through the novel data set. This study deepens our understanding of academic patenting practices, uncovering some complex dynamics shaping knowledge diffusion within universities
Review: Unveiling the effect of beta-nerve growth factor on the reproductive function in llamas and cows
No full textThe actions of the beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) on the neuroendocrine and reproductive system have challenged classical views on the control of reproductive function. After endometrial absorption, beta-NGF triggers ovulation and promotes the development of functional corpora lutea in camelids. In this article, we review evidence showing that, in camelids, beta-NGF exerts its actions by acting in both the hypothalamus and the ovary. In the hypothalamus, beta-NGF may induce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by interacting with neurons or glial cells expressing receptors for beta-NGF. The LH surge occurs under the influence of ovarian estradiol and requires the release of GnRH into the portal vessels to reach the pituitary gland. In the ovary, beta-NGF may be promoting the differentiation of follicular to luteal cells by modifying the steroidogenic profile of ovarian follicular cells in both camelids and ruminants. Although the mechanisms for these actions are largely undetermined, we aim to offer an update on the current understanding of the effects of beta-NGF controlling reproductive function in camelids and ruminants. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Reflection on the processes of extraordinary regularization of foreigners in Chile : problem or solution?
Get PDFEl objetivo general del artículo es reflexionar sobre los procesos de regularización extraordinaria de extranjeros en Chile, para lo cual es menester describir los Procesos de Regularización Migratoria chilena llevados a cabo entre los años 1998 y 2007, analizar el proceso de regularización migratoria del año 2018 y explicar la regularización extraordinaria del año 2021. La investigación se conduce bajo una metodología cualitativa desde un enfoque crítico y analítico, hermenéutico recurriendo primordialmente a fuentes secundarias. Ahora bien, los resultados arrojaron que las regularizaciones en Chile, han sido procedimientos excepcionales para la gestión de los flujos migratorios y que se han establecido previa o simultáneamente a una gran reforma de legislación sobre extranjeros, no obstante al esfuerzo que amerita un proceso de regularización, no ha sido posible estimar con precisión el tamaño o número de la población irregular. Cada requisito de los procesos ha sido ajustado a la contingencia migratoria del momento (en el último proceso no se incluyeron las personas que entraron por pasos no habilitados), sumado a que crea un efecto llamada importante de foraster-os irregulares, por lo que ningún efecto colateral de las regularizaciones ex-traordinarias es positivo, salvo la legalidad de los extranjeros beneficiados.The general objective of the article is to reflect on the processes of extraordinary regularization of foreigners in Chile, for which it is necessary to describe the Chilean migratory regularization processes carried out between the years 1998 and 2007, to analyze the migratory regularization process of 2018, and to explain the extraordinary regularization of the year 2021. The research is carried out with a qualitative methodology, from a critical and analytical, hermeneutic approach, relying mainly on secondary sources. However, the results showed that regularizations in Chile have been exceptional procedures for the management of migratory flows and that they have been carried out before or simultaneously with a major reform of the legislation on foreigners. Notwithstanding the effort required for a regularization process, it has not been possible to accurately estimate the size or number of the irregular population. Each requirement of the processes was adapted to the migratory contingency of the moment (in the last process, people who entered through unauthorized passages were not included), in addition to the fact that it creates an important call effect of irregular foreigners. Therefore, no collateral effect of the extraordinary regularizations is positive, except for the legality of the benefited foreigners
Family-School relationships within a context of social and cultural diversity based on an intercultural and educational approach: Principal epistemological arguments
Get PDFEl objetivo de este ensayo es describir y analizar los principales factores que influyen en la relación familia-escuela, en contexto de diversidad social y cultural, desde la perspectiva étnico-cultural, específicamente, la población indígena y gitana. Esta descripción y análisis se realiza desde un enfoque educativo intercultural, que permite explicar las tensiones epistemológicas que se suscitan para establecer relaciones de colaboración entre la familia y la escuela. Lo anterior debido a los conocimientos y marcos explicativos distintos que tienen los agentes educativos y los agentes sociales que son parte de la escuela. El procedimiento de análisis de la información es el análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados se relacionan con: 1) la existencia de tensiones epistemológicas en la relación familia-escuela; 2) la participación como base para establecer una relación de colaboración entre la familia y la escuela; y 3) el enfoque educativo intercultural, que posibilita un proceso de co-construcción en la relación familia escuela. Esto implica pistas de acción para personas directoras, profesoras, padres, madres y agentes sociales, que potencian una relación de colaboración entre agentes educativos y agentes sociales, esto desde la justicia epistémica. Se concluye que la relación familia-escuela en contexto de diversidad cultural, en espacios sociales determinados, se dinamiza a partir de la distancia y tensión epistemológica, lo que limita la relación de colaboración, a pesar de los esfuerzos políticos y educativos. Sin embargo, al implementar un enfoque educativo intercultural crítico como marco para la vigilancia epistémica, que potencia el reconocimiento de la alteridad y la relación entre agentes educativos y sociales. Por consiguiente, es la escuela, a partir del profesorado, la que debe planificar espacios dentro y fuera de la escuela, para co-construir una nueva forma de relación familia-escuela.This study aims at describing and analyzing the principal characteristics of a family´s relationship with their children´s school. These aspects are considered within a context of social and cultural diversity and an ethnic-cultural perspective, specifically among indigenous and Roma population groups. Descriptions and analyses are based on an intercultural educational approach, which explain epistemological arguments used to establish collaborative relationships between the family and school, reflecting the diverse explanatory and knowledge-based frameworks of educational and social agents at the school.The main results are based on content analysis and consider: 1) epistemological tensions that characterize the family´s relationship with their child´s school; 2) participation as a basis for establishing a collaborative relationship between the family and the school; and 3) the intercultural educational approach which enables a process of co-construction in the family-school relationship. This requires a courses of action for managers, teachers, fathers, mothers and social agents for promoting a collaborative relationship among educational agents and social agents, from epistemic justice
Culture and its spaces of expression: An ethnographic study of controversies and conciliations at CONADI
No full textWe studied the course of the controversies in the National Corporation for Indigenous Development (CONADI) conciliation processes, socio-political participation by public officials, Mapuche and non-Mapuche users and the cultural productions in play. The methodology was based on an ethnography of conciliation spaces, with participation by Mapuche and non-Mapuche users from different municipalities throughout Chile's Araucania region, semi-structured interviews with public officials at CONADI and a documentary review. The paper reconstructs trajectories via a case study on land disputes and contextualizes cultural, interethnic and epistemological conflicts. It concludes that the cultural and ontological frictions present in specific times and spaces impact the status of the controversies. Within the framework of their agencies, public officials, Mapuche and non-Mapuche users construct cultural productions rooted in struggles, otherness, power relationships and negotiations in traditional and modern scenarios
A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Stages of Change in Food Consumption with Warning Labels among Chilean University Students
Get PDFObjective. To analyze the stage of change in food consumption with warning labels among Chilean university students. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional study which applied surveys in universities from all over the country. Study included 4807 participants of 18 to 40 years of both sexes who were asked about the level of knowledge of the new food law and food consumption with warning signals, including questions regarding their willingness to behavior change according to Prochaska's transtheoretical model. To compare continuous variables, Student's t-test was used in the statistical package SPSS 22.0, and p Results. Of the total number of respondents, 99.3% of the students indicated that they know about the food law, classifying foods with signals in the precontemplation stage. Compared by sex, we observed that women give greater importance to behavior change in all of foods (p <0.001). Underweight students give less importance to change in unhealthy foods, while obesity students give more importance but do not show more confidence in behavior change (p <0.05). Conclusion. The university students show a low importance and confidence to make behavior change, aspects associated with sex and nutritional status. It is necessary to strengthen nutritional food education and not just talk about structural measures