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El sufragio electrónico como alternativa al sufragio tradicional: luces y sombras de un debate recurrente
Get PDFEl presente artículo de investigación analiza los beneficios e incertidumbres que conlleva la implantación del sufragio electrónico como herramienta de modernización e incremento de la participación electoral. Este análisis se desarrolla utilizando una metodología doble: el análisis dogmático y la praxis que nos ofrece el recurso, parcial por cuestiones de oportunidad, al Derecho comparado brasileño y estonio. Como conclusiones principales puede afirmarse que el análisis de las características y los tipos de sufragio electrónico revelan la existencia de ciertas ventajas plausibles que, por el contrario, no parecen compensar los riesgos relativos a posibles vulneraciones de algunas características estructurales del sufragio.The current paper develops an investigation concerning the benefits and drawbacks about the implementation of the electronic suffrage as a tool for modernizing and reinforce the electoral participation. In order to achieve the main goal, we will use a combined methodology: a dogmatic analysis as well as the empirical results provided by using the comparative law in Brazil and Estonia. As main result, it seems obvious that the undeniable benefits of the electronic suffrage are fewer to the uncertainties and risks related with a more than possible violation of some key notes of the right to vote
Mobility from the Catholic Religion to the 'without Religion' Identification in Young University Students in Chile
No full textIn recent years, Chile has experienced a highly significant abandonment of the Catholic church. This can be observed in young people, who have left its organizational spaces and their identification with it. The magnitude of this growing abandonment, which has been heighted by the public awareness of sexual abuse committed by priests, has been shown in quantitative studies, however, they do not delve into the reasons of those who distance themselves from the church. This article presents research results that identify the motivations expressed by young people that led them to stop being Catholic and places this phenomenon of disaffection within a bigger issue that has been occurring for some time: that of a religious mobility in an increasingly secular society, where the number of people who identify themselves as 'without religion' continues to grow. By means of individual interviews, the reasons given by young people were identified and later validated in a subsequent group interview process
Analysis of assessment activities in chilean school textbook
Get PDFEl estado de Chile distribuye textos a todos los centros educativos del país, libros que deben estar elaborados en coherencia con las bases curriculares. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las actividades evaluativas presentes en los textos escolares y bases curriculares de las asignaturas “Ciencias Naturales” e “Historia, Geografía y Ciencias sociales” destinados a estudiantes de séptimo y octavo año básico, con el fin de examinar su nivel de autenticidad, frecuencia y tipología. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de tipo mixto, centrado en la observación de frecuencias y análisis de contenido de cuatro textos escolares y las bases curriculares. Se pudo constatar la presencia de 16 tipos de actividades evaluativas. Si bien, existen propuestas de evaluación próximas a una lógica auténtica, la mayoría corresponde a evaluaciones de carácter memorístico. Se observa falta de correspondencia entre las actividades evaluativas de las bases curriculares y aquellas registradas en los textos escolares.The Chilean state distributes textbooks to all schools in the country, which must be drafted in coherence with the curricular bases. The aim of this study was to analyse the assessment activities present in the school textbooks and curricular bases of the subjects "Natural Sciences" and "History, Geography and Social Sciences" for seventh and eighth grade students, in order to examine their level of authenticity, frequency and typology. A descriptive study of a mixed type was carried out, centred on the observation of frequencies and content analysis of four school texts and the curricular bases. Sixteen types of evaluative activities were found to be present. Although there are some assessment proposals that are close to an authentic logic, most of them correspond to memorization evaluations. There is a lack of correspondence between the assessment activities in the curricular bases and those recorded in the textbooks
An educational proposal from the teaching of history and the environment to address a controversial topic in the chilean classroom: The occupation of the araucanía region, in the second half of the nineteenth century
No full textEn Chile, se han desarrollado múltiples investigaciones en el área de la historia ambiental. Sin embargo, el mismo escenario no parece existir para el ámbito educativo de la materia. Es importante revertir esta situación si se quieren aprovechar ventajas educativas de la historia ambiental como la interculturalidad, las explicaciones del pasado complejas, y la interdisciplina. El presente trabajo ilustra este potencial educativo a través de la ocupación chilena de la región de La Araucanía, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Se escogió este contenido por ser uno de los temas controversiales, en la enseñanza de la historia chilena, que complica la labor docente. Para elaborar la propuesta se analizaron, de manera cualitativa, fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias de distinta índole. Se propone una enseñanza de la historia desde las tres líneas temáticas que, según el historiador Donald Hughes, distinguen a la historia ambiental, a saber: el impacto que el ser humano ha generado en el medio ambiente natural; las influencias que este ha tenido sobre el primero; y las valoraciones o percepciones que el ser humano he tenido del medio. De esta forma, la enseñanza de la ocupación de la Araucanía adquiere mayor coherencia con la realidad geográfica e histórica de la región. Aún más importante, la ciudadanía desarrolla actitudes responsables con la naturaleza y una mayor consciencia de su lugar en el mundo.In Chile, several investigations have been made in the last decade in the subdiscipline of environmental history. However, the same scenario does not seem to exist for education side of the matter. It is important to revert this situation if we want to take educational advantages in environmental history such as interculturality, more complex explanations of the past and interdisciplinarity. This work illustrates this educational potential through the Chilean occupation of the Araucanía region, in the second half of the nineteenth century. This theme was chosen for being one of the controversial topics in the Chilean history teaching that complicates teacher's job. To prepare the proposal, primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of different kinds have been analyzed qualitatively. A teaching of history is proposed from three thematic lines that, according to historian Donald Hughes, distinguish environmental history, namely: The impact that human beings have generated on the natural environment; the influences that this has had on the former; and the perceptions that human beings have had surrounding the environment. In this way, the teaching surrounding the occupation of the Araucanía gains greater coherence with the geographical and historical reality of the region. Even more importantly, citizens develop responsible attitudes towards nature and a greater awareness of their place in the world
A new methodology to quantify structural landscape impacts of land use/land cover change using moving window metrics: a case study in a Chilean coastal basin
Get PDFEste trabajo fue financiado por el programa de investigación “Estímulo a la Excelencia para Profesores Universitarios Permanentes”, con el apoyo de la Universidad de Alcalá y el Gobierno Regional de Madrid [número de subvención EPU-INV/2020/009]. Además, recibió financiamiento del proyecto “Repensando el Ordenamiento Territorial en Chile: Perspectivas críticas, conocimiento local/mapuche y escenarios co-construidos para la toma de decisiones sostenibles”, financiado por el Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) [número de subvención 1221931] de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) de Chile.Land use and land cover changes (LULC) result in alterations to landscape structure, with particularly significant consequences in the landscapes of coastal basins due to their unique characteristics and special sensitivity. The aim of this work was to introduce a new methodology to assess the impacts of LULC transitions on landscape structure in a coastal basin of the Los Ríos Region in Chile. Changes in landscape patterns were assessed by analyzing systematic transitions in conjunction with moving windows landscape metrics and spatial cluster analysis. An index measuring the impact of transitions on landscape structure change (ITSC) was calculated to assess the degree to which each systematic transition contributed to the spatial cluster of landscape change. The proposed method showed that transitions resulting from the replacement of native forest and especially those which involve its transformation into forestry plantations, have the greatest potential impact on landscape structure in the basin. Therefore, planning and management measures must be established to prevent such transitions, so avoiding a massive change in landscape structure
Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: The associations of cancer with types of diets, including vegetarian, fsh, and poultrycontaining diets, remain unclear. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the association of type of diet with all cancers and 19 sitespecifc incident cancers in a prospective cohort study and then in a metaanalysis of published prospective cohort studies. Methods: A total of 409,110 participants from the UK Biobank study, recruited between 2006 and 2010, were included. The outcomes were incidence of all cancers combined and 19 cancer sites. Associations between the types of diets and cancer were investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. Previously published prospective cohort studies were identifed from four databases, and a metaanalysis was conducted using randomefects models. Results: The mean followup period was 10.6 years (IQR 10.0; 11.3). Compared with meateaters, vegetarians (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.96]) and pescatarians (HR 0.93 [95% CI: 0.87 to 1.00]) had lower overall cancer risk. Vegetarians also had a lower risk of colorectal and prostate cancers compared with meateaters. In the metaanalysis, vegetarians (Risk Ratio (RR): 0.90 [0.86 to 0.94]) and pescatarians (RR 0.91 [0.86; 0.96]) had lower risk of overall and colo‑rectal cancer. No associations between the types of diets and prostate, breast, or lung cancers were found. Conclusions: Compared with meateaters, vegetarians and pescatarians had a lower risk of overall, colorectal, and prostate cancer. When results were pooled in a metaanalysis, the associations with overall and colorectal cancer persisted, but the results relating to other specifc cancer sites were inconclusive
The impact of picture-cued strategy enhances the speaking skills in english in students of first grade
Get PDFDiurnal High Temperatures Affect the Physiological Performance and Fruit Quality of Highbush Blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L.) cv. Legacy
No full textIn this study, the physiological performance and fruit quality responses of the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivar Legacy to high temperatures (HTs) were evaluated in a field experiment. Three-year-old V. corymbosum plants were exposed to two temperature treatments between fruit load set and harvest during the 2022/2023 season: (i) ambient temperature (AT) and (ii) high temperature (HT) (5 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C above ambient temperature). A chamber covered with transparent polyethylene (100 mu m thick) was used to apply the HT treatment. In our study, the diurnal temperature was maintained with a difference of 5.03 degrees C +/- 0.12 degrees C between the AT and HT treatments. Our findings indicated that HT significantly decreased CO2 assimilation (P-n) by 45% and stomatal conductance (g(s)) by 35.2% compared to the AT treatment. By contrast, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed higher levels (about 6%) in HT plants than in AT plants. Fruit quality analyses revealed that the fruit weight and equatorial diameter decreased by 39% and 13%, respectively, in the HT treatment compared to the AT treatment. By contrast, the firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) were higher in the HT treatment than in the AT treatment. Meanwhile, the titratable acidity showed no changes between temperature treatments. In our study, P-n reduction could be associated with stomatal and non-stomatal limitations under HT treatment. Although these findings improve our understanding of the impact of HTs on fruit growth and quality in V. corymbosum, further biochemical and molecular studies are need
Viscous froth model applied to multiple topological transformations of bubbles flowing in a channel: three-bubble case
No full textA two-dimensional foam system comprised of three bubbles is studied via dynamic simulations with the viscous froth model. The bubbles are arranged in a staircase configuration and move along a channel due to an imposed driving back pressure. Depending on the bubble size relative to channel size, the three-bubble system can undergo topological transformations (as for a simpler staircase structure, known as the simple lens) or it can reach a geometrically invariant migrating state (as for an infinite staircase structure). A methodology used previously determined the system evolution up to the first topological transformation, but evolution beyond this was not studied before. To address this, unsteady state three-bubble simulations are realized here, extending beyond the first transformation. For sufficiently high imposed back pressures, a sequence of topological transformations occurs before a steadily migrating shape is reached, typically in a topology such that an equal number of films connect to both channel walls
