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Industrializing thought and educational policies in Chile: discussion on the development model and the pedagogy of extractivism
No full textThis article discusses the approach of educational policies in Chile, which promote a curricular approach towards the nature of exploiting resources, functional in a country that bases its economy on the export of raw materials. Through a review of different bibliographic sources, the installation of this functionalist approach, which we call pedagogy of extractivism, is analyzed as part of a globalized economic system of neoliberal market that originated from the expansion of industrialism, installed as the only way of development for countries, which has generated social conflicts and pollution levels that have precipitated climate change. Education is a tributary of these hegemonies because the school has historically been linked to the productive apparatus of modernity after the Industrial Revolution, first with the factory and then with the company, laying the foundations for an & DLANGBRAC;industrial society & drangbrac;. After exploring the relationship between school knowledge and indigenous knowledge, it concludes by proposing the articulation between the knowledge of the mapuche people and schoolchildren, as a way for a pluralistic education that generates social change, towards another relationship with nature and other forms of development, aimed at environmental conservation
Perception of Chilean Physical Education teachers on the development of the class in virtual mode
No full textIntroduction: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Education (MI-NEDUC) in Chile prioritized the curricular focus on Physical Education and Health subjects. During this period, teachers had to conduct virtual classes for students, necessitating adaptations in teaching methods within school settings. Objective: This research aimed to explore the perceptions of Physical Education teachers in Chilean schools regarding the implementation of virtual classes amidst the pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative investigation was conducted through semi-structured interviews with Physical Education teachers from various schools in Chile. Results: Findings are associated with teachers' performance and workload, connectivity issues, the development of virtual sessions throughout the class, and the use of assessment methods in the virtual mode. Conclusions: Teachers expressed both challenges and strengths concerning virtual classes, particularly regarding connectivity issues, class timing, conducted activities, and assessment methods. However, the interviewed teachers noted limitations in addressing team sports-related content within the virtual setup
The right of people with disability to a high-quality education. Remarks on its scope and limitations in the Cuban Legal system
Get PDFEducational inclusion is intended to enable people to devel-op and optimize their capacity regardless of their differences, offering equal opportunities to allow every individual to solve their educational and social needs. The aim of this paper is to provide a legal perspective of the Cuban Legal system, in which such opportunities are included as basic human rights. We review the treatment due to people with disabilities prescribed in the international legal instruments signed and ratified by Cuba. Starting from the conceptualization, principles and bases on which are founded the concepts of disability, deficiency and handicap, we identify the levels of adaptation necessary to implement them in any education system. Thus, curricular adaptations should respond to the specific needs imposed by disability, respecting the scope and limitations of the rights of the people involved.La inclusión educativa es el modelo que pretende dejar de ver las diferencias como un problema, para que cada persona desarrolle y optimice sus capacidades y así brindar igualdad de oportunidades, en función de sus necesidades tanto educativas como sociales. A tal fin, se ofrece en este estudio una perspectiva jurídica que lo aprecia en su dimensión como derecho humano y fundamental, a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico cubano y los instrumentos internacionales suscritos y ratificados por Cuba al respecto. Se parte entonces de su conceptualización, principios y fundamentos en los que se sustenta, para distinguir los conceptos de discapacidad, deficiencia y minusvalía, en función de los cuales habrán de ser definidos los niveles de adaptación a implementar en cada sistema educativo, de modo que las adaptaciones curriculares a introducir respondan a sus necesidades, en franco respeto al alcance y límites de los derechos de cada persona involucrada
Propiedad intelectual y transferencia de tecnologías ecológicamente racionales: apuntes sobre el preámbulo, los objetivos y principios del acuerdo sobre los ADPIC
Get PDFLa transferencia de las tecnologías ecológicamente racionales (TER) se coloca frente a problemas que demandan un marco legal eficaz. Las Naciones Unidas promueven una transferencia efectiva de estas tecnologías pero es importante considerar el papel de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. El Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC establece estándares mínimos a nivel internacional en materia de propiedad intelectual, incluyendo a las patentes. El Acuerdo contiene obligaciones específicas que pueden afectar la transferencia de las tecnologías limpias. Es importante considerar cómo puede el Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC lograr la transferencia de estas tecnologías. A este respecto el Preámbulo, los Objetivos y Principios son determinantes, así como la Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados y la jurisprudencia de la OMC. Finalmente para Cuba, país en desarrollo y Miembro de la OMC este tema es de suma importancia.The transfer of environmentally sound technologies (EST) poses particular problems that require an enabling legal framework. The United Nations Organization promotes effective transfer of these technologies; however the role of intellectual property rights must also be considered. The TRIPS Agreement sets minimum standards in the international rules governing intellectual property, including patents, and contains specific obligations that may affect the transfer of clean technologies. It is important to examine how the TRIPS Agreement can achieve the transfer of these technologies. In this regard the Preamble, Objectives and Principles are crucial, as are the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and WTO jurisprudence. Finally for Cuba, a developing country and WTO Member, this topic is very important
Continuous Organismic Sentience as the Integration of Core Affect and Vitality
No full textIn consciousness studies there is a growing tendency to consider experience as (i) fundamentally affective and (ii) deeply interlinked with interoceptive and homeostatic bodily processes. However, this view still needs further development to be part of any rigorous theory of consciousness. To advance in this direction, we ask: (1) is there any affective type that is always present in consciousness?, (2) is it related to interoception and homeostasis?, and (3) what are its properties? Here we analyse and compare Jim Russell's core affect and Thomas Fuchs' concept of vitality, and propose a more encompassing notion that subsumes both: continuous organismic sentience. It provides affirmative answers to questions 1 and 2, and, regarding question 3, a preliminary list of thirteen properties divided into ontological, phenomenological, and functional categories. This is the first of a series of studies that will systematically address different notions of a fundamental, homeostatically-rooted affective type, to achieve a rigorous, unified concept for consciousness science
The Potential Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Breast Cancer Treatment
No full textBreast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment
NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics
No full textThe Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications
Socio-spatial Stratification Dynamics in Northern and Southern Chilean Cities
No full textThe analysis of the concentration of social classes in cities has been linked both to residential segregation indices, and to the discussion about the processes of social integration of persons with different characteristics. However, this way of problematizing social inequalities hides three disadvantages: first, it is assumed that important social differences are marked by the possession of material goods, which is why this type of variable is the most widely used to study spatial inequalities; secondly, it ignores the debate on the mechanisms of social value that the occupation performed in the labor market has for the attribution of social, material, and symbolic well-being in contemporary societies; and, finally, the analysis of other dimensions that condition inequality, such as ethnic and national origin, is not contemplated relationally. Considering the models that observe social class systems, this paper aims to analyze the socio-spatial stratification dynamics of two Chilean conurbations during the period 2002-2017: Iquique-Alto Hospicio and Temuco-Padre Las Casas. Based on a social class indicator and its statistical relationship with ethnic and national origin, the socio-spatial structure of both spaces is described. The results indicate that, although in both conurbations ethnic and national origin is related to the class condition of a given space, in Temuco and Padre Las Casas this is more severe. These results open the debate regarding social tensions in Chilean cities
The visual landscape: An important and poorly conserved resource
No full textEl paisaje es el escenario de la actividad humana y cualquier acción artificial repercute en su percepción. Los procesos que generan pérdidas de paisaje son el incremento de las zonas urbanas y de infraestructuras productivas y de servicios; los cambio del uso del suelo rural hacia el monocultivo y el incremento de estructuras antrópicas en el paisaje rural. Esto ha implicado un creciente y rápido deterioro de la calidad paisajística con pérdida de paisajes de valor estético alto, pérdida de riqueza paisajística; pérdida de naturalidad al sustituir la cubierta vegetal nativa y pérdida de paisajes arquetípicos, con despojo de la identidad local. Se debe avanzar a políticas de paisaje que incluyan acciones como construcción de catálogos de paisaje, programas de monitoreo y restauración, así como un vigoroso programa de educación ambiental orientado a la conservación y recuperación del paisaje.Landscape is the setting for human activity, and any artificial action affects its perception. The processes that generate losses of landscape are the increase in urban areas and in productive infrastructures and services; the change in use of rural land to monoculture and the increase in anthropogenic structures in the rural landscape. This has led to an increased and rapid deterioration of landscape quality with the loss of landscapes of high aesthetic value, loss of landscape wealth; loss of naturalness when replacing the native plant cover and the loss of archetypal landscapes, robbing local identity. We must advance to landscape policies that include actions such as the compilation of landscape catalogues, monitoring and restoration programmes, as well as a vigorous environmental education programme aimed at conservation and recovery of the landscape
Los oficios tradicionales en la modernidad
Get PDFDescribimos el oficio tradicional de la alfarería, a partir de un estudio de caso, en la Novena Región de la Araucanía, Chile. En términos teóricos se trabajó con algunos aportes de la sociología del trabajo y la propuesta de análisis de las profesiones de Aguayo (2006). Los resultados que se obtuvieron están relacionados con los acoples que se generan entre las prácticas tradicionales y las exigencias actuales del mundo del trabajo.Describe the traditional trade of the pottery, from a study of case, in the ninth region of the Araucanía, Chile. In theoretical terms were worked with some contributions of the sociology of labor and the proposal for analysis of the professions of Aguayo (2006). The results that were obtained are related with connect that are generated between the traditional practices and the current requirements of the world of the wor