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Perceived social support and treatment adherence in Chileans with Type 2 diabetes
No full textThis study aimed to determine if greater perceived social support was directly associated with better Type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment adherence and if better T2D treatment adherence was related to lower HbA1c levels in Chilean adults with T2D. For this purpose, 200 adults were recruited from the Chilean Diabetic Association. Participants were asked to complete self-report instruments and provide a capillary blood sample to measure HbA1c. Structural equation model analyses were performed to determine direct associations. The study's results indicate that greater perceived social support was associated with healthier dietary habits, regular foot care, more frequent physical activity, and lower medication intake. Likewise, blood sugar testing and physical activity were related to HbA1c. These findings provide evidence of how perceived social support relates to T2D treatment adherence behaviors in Latino patients from South America and could be used for interventions to enhance social support from patients' families, partners, and friends
PROBABILISTIC MODELS AND CONTINGENCY TABLES FOR STUDYING POTENTIAL SPECIES INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO INTERTIDAL DECAPODS IN THE NORTH OF CHILE (CIFUNCHO, 25°S, ANTOFAGASTA REGION, CHILE)
No full textThe northern Chilean coast is characterized by its high productivity and diversity due to the presence of the cold, nutrient-rich water of the Humboldt Current. In this scenario, the rocky shore provides many microhabitats for invertebrates such as crustaceans. The aim of the present study was to analyse potential species interactions using probabilistic models and contingency tables. In this particular case we analysed the potential interactions between two sympatric intertidal decapods, Cyclograpsus cinereus and Petrolisthes granulosus, on the rocky shores of Cifuncho Bay, an isolated bay in the north of Chile. The results revealed that both species had a uniform pattern, that was adjusted to a binomial distribution for C. cinereus, and a Poisson distribution for P. granulosus. These results are probably due to territorial behaviour, and this was corroborated by the results of the contingency table, which denoted the independence of both species. These results would not coincide with classical observations of intertidal decapods on rocky shores of continental Chile, as those denoted a gregarious pattern. However, on the other hand, the present results do not explain any details about potential interactions between the two species here analysed
Bond strength properties of confined and unconfined coconut shell aggregate concrete by beam splice test
Get PDFThis study investigates the bond strength properties of a green concrete produced by replacing the coarse aggregate by an agricultural by product, coconut shell (CS). The bond between steel reinforcement and coconut shell aggregate concrete was studied by using 60 numbers of beam splice specimens. Confined and unconfined beam splice specimens were used. The effects of rebar diameter of lap splice and types of aggregate were investigated. It was observed that the percentage reduction in bond stress for 16 mm rebar unconfined beam splice specimens for various percentage replacements of CS from 25% to 100%, lies in the range of 6-8% compared to 12 mm rebar specimens. Whereas, for confined beam splice specimens the range of percentage reduction is 6-10%. For unconfined and confined beam splice specimens, percentage reduction in bond stress for 25% to 100% replacement by CS for each 25% increment was approximately in the range of 2-3%, 20-23%, 31-34% and 47-48% respectively with respect to normal concretefor both 12mm and 16mm rebar specimens. The percentage increase in bond stress by confining the specimens for various percentage replacements of CS and different size rebar lies in the range of 52-58%.Este estudio investiga las propiedades de resistencia a la adherencia de un concreto verde producido al reemplazar el agregado grueso por un subproducto agrícola, la cáscara de coco (CS). La unión entre el refuerzo de acero y el hormigón agregado de cáscara de coco se estudió mediante el uso de 60 muestras de empalme de vigas. Se utilizaron muestras de empalme de vigas confinadas y no confinadas. Se investigaron los efectos del diámetro de la barra de refuerzo del empalme traslapado y los tipos de agregado. Se observó que el porcentaje de reducción en la tensión de unión para muestras de empalme de vigas no confinadas de varilla de 16 mm para varios reemplazos porcentuales de CS del 25% al 100%, se encuentra en el rango de 6-8% en comparación con las muestras de varilla de 12 mm. Considerando que, para muestras de empalme de vigas confinadas, el rango de reducción porcentual es del 6 al 10%. Para muestras de empalme de vigas confinadas y no confinadas, el porcentaje de reducción en la tensión de unión para el reemplazo del 25% al 100% por CS por cada incremento del 25% estuvo aproximadamente en el rango de 2-3%, 20-23%, 31-34% y 47-48% respectivamente con respecto al hormigón normal para probetas de varilla de 12 mm y 16 mm. El aumento porcentual en la tensión de unión al confinar las muestras para varios reemplazos porcentuales de CS y varillas de refuerzo de diferentes tamaños se encuentra en el rango de 52-58%
La precariedad de los derechos sociales y su incidencia en la configuración de las relaciones de poder en Chile
Get PDFLa constitucionalización de los derechos fundamentales mediante el uso del lenguaje liberal favorece la dimensión individual de estos. La sedimentación del paradigma constitucional individualista ha incubado una matriz iusprivatística que introduce dificultades a la hora de constitucionalizar los derechos de carácter social. Al respecto, la doctrina chilena ha intentado lidiar con estas dificultades, pero no ha llegado realmente a superarlas. La fragilidad en el reconocimiento de estos derechos sociales ha provocado una crisis en los mismos, al punto que ha llegado a negarse su condición de derechos. La crisis de los derechos sociales puede analizarse de forma más íntegra si, además de ampliar los marcos constitucionales de interpretación, se incorpora además una perspectiva acerca del vínculo entre la fragilidad de los derechos y algunos fenómenos sociales que incuban conflictividad, como ocurre con el malestar y los procesos de exclusión de ciudadanía.The constitutionalization of fundamental rights through liberal language favours their individual dimension. The sedimentation of the individualist constitutional paradigm has incubated an iusprivatistic matrix that introduces difficulties when constitutionalizing rights of a social nature. In this regard, Chilean doctrine has tried to deal with these difficulties but has yet to overcome them. The fragility in recognizing these social rights has caused a crisis in them, to the point that their status as rights is denied. The crisis of social rights can be analyzed more fully if, in addition to broadening the constitutional frameworks of interpretation, we also incorporate a perspective on the link between the fragility of rights and some social phenomena that incubate conflicts, such as unrest and the processes of exclusion from citizenship
Sensor Technologies for Safety Monitoring in Mine Tailings Storage Facilities: Solutions in the Industry 4.0 Era
No full textThe recent tailings storage facility (TSF) dam failures recorded around the world have concerned society in general, forcing the mining industry to improve its operating standards, invest greater economic resources, and implement the best available technologies (BATs) to control TSFs for safety purposes and avoid spills, accidents, and collapses. In this context, and as the era of digitalization and Industry 4.0 continues, monitoring technologies based on sensors have become increasingly common in the mining industry. This article studies the state of the art of implementing sensor technologies to monitor structural health and safety management issues in TSFs, highlighting advances and experiences through a review of the scientific literature on the topic. The methodology applied in this article adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and utilizes scientific maps for data visualization. To do so, three steps were implemented: (i) a quantitative bibliometric analysis, (ii) a qualitative systematic review of the literature, and (iii) a mixed review to integrate the findings from (i) and (ii). As a result, this article presents the main advances, gaps, and future trends regarding the main characteristics of the sensor technologies applied to monitor TSF structural health and safety management in the era of digitalization. According to the results, the existing research predominantly investigates certain TSF sensor technologies, such as wireless real-time monitoring, remote sensors (RS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned survey vessels (USVs), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing (CC), and Internet of Things (IoT) approaches, among others. These technologies stand out for their potential to improve the safety management monitoring of mine tailings, which is particularly significant in the context of climate change-related hazards, and to reduce the risk of TSF failures. They are recognized as emerging smart mining solutions with reliable, simple, scalable, secure, and competitive characteristics
Environmental evaluation of the Reloncaví estuary in southern Chile based on lipophilic shellfish toxins as related to harmful algal blooms*
No full textThe Reloncavi estuary in southern Chile is famous for its aquaculture. However, recurring harmful algal blooms have adversely affected mussel production. Therefore, regular monitoring of algal toxins is urgently needed to better understand the contamination status of the estuary. In this study, we quantified 15 types of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Metri Bay in the Reloncavi estuary on a biweekly basis for 4 years. We identified algal species using microscopy and metabarcoding analysis. We also measured water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, and dissolved oxygen to determine the potential relationships of these parameters with algal toxin production. Our results revealed the presence of a trace amount of pectenotoxin and the causal phytoplankton Dinophysis, as well as yessotoxin and the causal phytoplankton Protoceratium. Statistical analysis indicated that fluctuations in water temperature affected the detection of these toxins. Additionally, metabarcoding analysis detected the highly toxic phytoplankton Alexandrium spp. in some samples. Although our results suggest that the level of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Metri Bay during the study period was insignificantly low using our current LC-MS method, the confirmed presence of highly toxic algae in Metri Bay raises concerns, given that favorable environmental conditions could cause blooms
Site suitability analysis for decentralized sustainable solid waste management system for Coimbatore city using GIS
Get PDFThe effective solid waste management in a developing country like India has become an essential concern of the society. Municipality and corporation have framed many policies and municipal solid waste rules for a sustainable solid waste management, but the increase in population and urbanization leads to many challenges in implementing an effective system. Disposal of waste is an important action in solid waste management but due to many flaws in system the centralized disposal of waste is not effective. In this research the site selection for decentralized processing unit zone wise is done using GIS and weighted overlay analysis. The weighted overlay analysis is done by using thematic layers like land use land cover, geomorphology, geology, soil, lineaments, ground water depth, distancefrom water bodies, distance from railway track, drainage density, road density ,distance from roads are used as inventory maps to arrive the suitable area to carry out decentralized solid waste management. The results revealed the suitable area in sqkm under five classifications as highly suitable, high to moderately suitable, moderately suitable, poorly suitable and not suitable.La gestión eficaz de los residuos sólidos en un país en desarrollo como India se ha convertido en una preocupación fundamental de la sociedad. El municipio y la corporación han enmarcado muchas políticas y reglas municipales de residuos sólidos para una gestión sostenible de los residuos sólidos, pero el aumento de la población y la urbanización lleva a muchosdesafíos en la implementación de un sistema eficaz. La eliminación de desechos es una acción importante en la gestión de desechos sólidos, pero debido a muchas fallas en el sistema, la eliminación centralizada de desechos no es efectiva. En esta investigación, la selección del sitio para la zona de la unidad de procesamiento descentralizada se realiza utilizando GIS y análisis de superposición ponderada. El análisis de superposición ponderada se realiza mediante el uso de capas temáticas como la cobertura del suelo de uso del suelo, geomorfología, geología, suelo, lineamientos, profundidad del agua subterránea, distancia de los cuerpos de agua, distancia de la vía férrea, densidad de drenaje, densidad de la carretera, distancia desde las carreteras se utilizan mapas de inventario para llegar al área idónea para realizar el manejo descentralizado de residuos sólidos. Los resultados revelaron el área adecuada en kilómetros cuadrados bajo cinco clasificaciones como altamente adecuada, de alta a moderadamente adecuada, moderadamente adecuada, poco adecuada y no adecuada
Potential of Mushrooms Bioactive for the Treatment of Skin Diseases and Disorders
No full textMushrooms have long been revered not only as a staple food source but also for their potential medicinal properties. Their role as a natural repository of bioactive compounds positions them uniquely in the pharmaceutical domain, with particular relevance to cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics. The global ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological chronicles highlight the traditional application of mushrooms against many diseases, with many even finding their way into cosmetic formulations. This review aims to consolidate the existing knowledge regarding the efficaciousness of mushroom-derived bioactives in the realm of skin disorders and diseases. In addition, it sheds light on the instances where certain mushroom species have been implicated in causing dermatological reactions, underscoring the dual nature of these fungal entities. A comprehensive assessment was undertaken involving ethnobotanical databases and relevant scientific literature to identify mushrooms used traditionally for treating skin conditions. In addition, contemporary research elucidating the biological activities of these mushrooms, specifically their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing capabilities, was scrutinized. Special attention was accorded to instances of contact dermatitis induced by mushrooms, notably the shiitake fungus. Preliminary findings reinforce the therapeutic potential of certain mushrooms in managing skin ailments, attributed primarily to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Conversely, some species, prominently shiitake, emerged as potent dermatitis triggers. Mushrooms undeniably harbor an array of compounds that can be instrumental in treating various skin conditions, thereby underscoring their potential in dermatological applications. However, an understanding of their dual nature, acting both as a remedy and a trigger for certain skin reactions, is essential for their judicious application in skin care. Further research is mandated to unravel the comprehensive pharmacological spectrum of these fungal treasures
Earliest directly dated rock art from Patagonia reveals socioecological resilience to mid-Holocene climate
No full textThe timing for the evolution of the capacity to inscribe the landscape with rock art has global relevance. While this was an in-built capacity when Homo sapiens first colonized the Americas, the heterogeneous distribution of rock art shows that it was a facultative behavior arising under unknown socioecological conditions. Patagonia was the last region to be explored by humans. While its rock art is globally important, it remains largely undated by absolute methods. We report the earliest set of directly radiocarbon-dated rock art motifs from the archaeological site Cueva Huenul 1 (northwestern Patagonia, Argentina), starting at 8.2 thousand years before the present (ka B.P.), predating previous records by several millennia, and encompassing over 3 ka (similar to 130 human generations). This mid-Holocene 'rock art emergence' phase overlaps with extremely arid conditions and a human demographic stasis. We suggest that this diachronic rock art emerged as part of a resilient response to ecological stress by highly mobile and low-density populations
Aloe vera reduces gut inflammation induced by soybean meal in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
No full textPlant-based protein sources, such as soybean, are widely used in fish nutrition due to their market availability, wide distribution and acceptable nutritional quality. However, in some fish species, soybean meal-based diets cause gut inflammation, decreasing both nutrient absorption and growth rates. A suitable alternative to avoid these problems could be the application of additives with anti-inflammatory activity to the diet. In this study, an Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller, AV) extract was analyzed as a dietary additive to reduce the gut inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed with soybean meal (SBM) diet. Fish were distributed in four duplicated groups and fed 28 days with fish meal control diet (FM), AV inclusion diet (AV), FM diet supplemented with AV (FM+AV), SBM diet to induce enteritis and SBM+AV. The fish gut response to these treatments was analyzed in distal intestine by histopathological scores, tissue morphometric measurements and immune gene expression parameters. The score results in fish fed with SBM-based diet clearly showed enteritis, meanwhile fish fed with AV supplemented diet significantly reduced the intestinal SBM signs of damage. These findings were associated to reduction of goblet cells number, lamina propria thickness and sub-epithelial mucosa size, with a significant decrease on pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1 beta to basal levels, similar to those present in fish fed FM diets. In conclusion, the administration of AV in salmon diet showed a protective intestinal activity against the detrimental effects of SBM, opening the possibility to improve its use as a feed additive in aquafeeds