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Political culture and attitudes of economic elites: explaining the Chilean business community's rejection to constitutional change
No full textIn contexts of institutional crisis, conflicts arise in which different pressure groups try to maximize their influence, seeking to adjust a political reality in line with their own interest. This article analyzes the changes in the attitudes of economic elites regarding the process of drafting of a new Constitution in Chile. Based on the literature on the political culture of entrepreneurs, the research hypothesis posed in this study suggests the existence of a widespread conservative attitude within this social group regarding a change in institutional rules. This mainly relates to the perception that a new Constitution in Chile could threaten its predominant place in the distribution of economic and political power. The results obtained after analyzing in-depth interviews with presidents or vice presidents of the main business organizations in the country show changing positions throughout the different stages of the constituent process. Even though some attitudinal changes towards an adaptation become visible, what ultimately prevails is an unmitigated rejection of the constituent process. These findings clearly suggest a return to the initial stances of most entrepreneurs, something that also happened in the elite examined as well as in the rest of Chilean society. Thus, one can speak about a sort of 'boomerang effect': the attitudes of rejection have once again dominated the space of discursive expression where the pressure exerted by public opinion seemed to pave the way for a certain reformism or a transforming reaction. This evidence confirms a disconnection found in the literature which reveals the dynamic nature of short-term attitudes linked to each specific situation, albeit with more stable values and positions specific to the political culture which exist on a more persistent basis
Exploring Democracy Beyond the State: Students' Union Democracy in Chilean Colleges
No full textPolitical scientists have studied state democracy for decades using sophisticated meth-ods for conceptualization and measurement to evaluate the explanatory power of various theories. They have paid little attention, however, to democracy in nonstate political sys-tems. This paper fills this gap by characterizing democracy in college student government and investigating the factors affecting the levels of students' union democracy (SUD) in Chilean colleges. Utilizing concepts from political science and sociology, the study identi-fies different dimensions of SUD with data from 162 campuses in 2018. The dimensions are aggregated to build an index of democracy for students' unions. Although the majority of Chilean university students attended colleges with democratic unions, our findings reveal a deficit in democratic student representation in most institutions. The article also draws from the comparative politics, trade union democracy, and higher education literatures to explore the factors that vary by institution that could explain differences in levels of SUD. Ordered logistic regression analyses suggest that SUD is associated with institutional qual-ity, membership in inter-university organizations, and student body size and socioeconomic makeup. The results increase our understanding of the features, status, and correlates of democracy beyond the state
INTEGRAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE INHIBITORS AS POSSIBLE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS BY MEANS MOLECULAR MECHANICS, FREE ENERGY CALCULATION AND ADME-TOX PROPERTIES
No full textThe most important mechanisms in the blood pressure regulation, fluid volume and sodium -potassium balance in humans is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This regulatory pathway plays a critical role in modulating cardiac function and vascular tone. An alteration in any of the molecules that make up this system (RAAS) could contribute to the development of arterial hypertension. In this important mechanisms, the neutral endopeptidase, also called Neprilysin (NEP) is the main enzyme for the degradation of natriuretic, therefore, it is essential proteins in controlling blood pressure. In this work, we have used docking methodology, molecular dynamics simulationa and free energy calculations method (MM-PBSA), to comprehensively evaluate the inhibitory behavior of some ligands obteined from consulted literature. The principal results obtained shown these ligands were adequately oriented in the NEP pocket. The Lig783, Lig2177, and Lig3444 compounds were those with better dynamic behavior. The energetic components that contribute to the complex's stability are the electrostatic and Van der Waals components; however, when the ADME-Tox properties were analyzed, we conclude that the best possible anti -hypertensive candidate are Lig783 and Lig3444
People with disabilities in Chile. Multidimensional digital gaps as barriers to access to the world of work
No full textThis work presents a diagnosis of the experiences and limitations in the field of digital technologies of people with disabilities, which was oriented towards understanding their needs for job placement. A descriptive research using semi -structured interviews was carried out in two municipalities in Chile: San Joaqu & iacute;n and Pitrufqu & eacute;n. The work is situated in the context of the recent implementation of laws and policies that set hiring quotas for people with disabilities in companies in the country. The analysis allows us to distinguish situations of gap and the possibilities of digital literacy, experiences of using technologies in work contexts and the implementation of digital accessibility policies. It is concluded that the people interviewed face their possibilities of accessing the labor market in a context of multiple digital gaps, with limited literacy possibilities, as well as with pending tasks in the implementation of digital inclusion policies. Based on the experiences collected, general policy guidelines are proposed to advance gradual and effective digital labor inclusion
Suitability of demolition waste as a landfillliner material – an experimental approach
Get PDFWaste management is the term that refers to the collection, processing, recycling, transport and monitoring of waste products. Various methods of waste management like incineration and recycling have been introduced recently. A landfill liner, or composite liner, is a low permeable barrier, which is laid down under engineered landfill sites. Until it deteriorates, the liner retards migration of leachate, and its toxic constituents, into underlying aquifers or nearby rivers, causing spoliation of the local water. The efficient use of low cost, reliable and durable materials is very much essential for modern practices of construction. Demolition waste is the waste debris obtained from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges or other structures. Bentonite is a type of clay that has an ability to swell and gel when dispersed in water which is used in construction, mainly in excavation and foundation works. Dredged marine clay is a type of clay found in coastal regions across the world. This can be obtained from coastal and marine areas with the help of dredgers. This project includes an investigation into the feasibility of combining demolished waste materials with dredged marine clay and bentonite to study the suitability of a landfill liner by experimental approach. When demolished waste was mixed with dredged marine clay, it did not satisfy the conditions required for the landfill but when combining the demolition waste with bentonite, the criteria was satisfied and the perfect mix was obtained.La gestión de residuos es el término que se refiere a la recogida, procesamiento, reciclaje, transporte y seguimiento de los productos de desecho. Recientemente se han introducido varios métodos de gestión de residuos como la incineración y el reciclaje. Un revestimiento de relleno sanitario, o revestimiento compuesto, es una barrera de baja permeabilidad, que se coloca debajo de los vertederos de ingeniería. Hasta que se deteriora, el revestimiento retarda la migración del lixiviado y sus constituyentes tóxicos hacia los acuíferos subyacentes o los ríos cercanos, lo que provoca la expoliación del agua local. El uso eficiente de materiales de bajo costo, confiables y duraderos es muy esencial para las prácticas modernas de construcción. Los desechos de demolición son los desechos que se obtienen de la destrucción de edificios, carreteras, puentes u otras estructuras. La bentonita es un tipo de arcilla que tiene la capacidad de hincharse y gelificarse cuando se dispersa en agua que se utiliza en la construcción, principalmente en trabajos de excavación y cimentación. La arcilla marina dragada es un tipo de arcilla que se encuentra en las regiones costeras de todo el mundo. Esto se puede obtener de áreas costeras y marinas con la ayuda de dragas. Este proyecto incluye una investigación sobre la viabilidad decombinar materiales de desecho demolidos con arcilla marina dragada y bentonita para estudiar la idoneidad de un revestimiento de relleno sanitario mediante un enfoque experimental. Cuando los residuos demolidos se mezclaron con arcilla marina dragada, nocumplieron las condiciones requeridas para el relleno sanitario, pero al combinar los residuos de demolición con bentonita, se cumplió el criterio y se obtuvo la mezcla perfecta
Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada (ECOE) como procesode innovación y seguimiento del perfil profesional de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile.
Get PDFFrente a los cambios y retos del tercer milenio, inherentes a la formación profesional de calidad, es que la educación debe enfocarse desde la perspectiva del que aprende, una educación centrada en el estudiante. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo una Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada como proceso de innovación y seguimiento del perfil profesional de estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética ,Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile.La investigación es observacional transversal, de metodología cuantitativa, compuesto por una evaluación ECOE, cuestionarios de Entrada y Salida, que hacen referencia a las percepciones de preparación de las competencias evaluadas, y percepciones de los resultados obtenidos posevaluación. Se concluye avanzar aejecutar ECOE de ciclos formativos en los itinerarios como medida de monitoreoFacing the changes and challenges of the third millennium, inherent to the professional formation in quality, it is that Education must be focused from the perspective of the learner, a student-centered education. The present research aims at a clinical objective structured evaluation as a process of innovation and follow-up of the professional profile of students of Nutrition and Dieteticscareer, Catholic University of Temuco, Chile. It is a cross -sectional observationalresearch based on a quantitative methodologycomposed of aCOSE evaluation, Input -Output questionnaires that refer to the perceptions of preparation of the evaluated competences,and perceptions of the results obtained postevaluation. It is concluded to apply COSE of training cycles in the itineraries as a monitoring measure
AGAINST A NTHROPOCENTRIC E XCEPTIONALISM: P OSTHUMAN S UBJECTIVITIES IN M ÓNICA O JEDA'S L AS V OLADORAS
No full textThe short story collection Las voladoras , published in 2020 by Ecuadorian writer M & oacute;nica Ojeda, consists of eight stories that are shaped by an imaginative blend of the uncanny, violence, and the feminine. Within this narrative context, the aim is to address the assembly of women's bodies as heterogeneous constructs in relation to the violence they must confront, thus configuring posthuman subjectivities. We propose that in these stories, there are relationships between humans and non-humans that could be associated with what Donna Haraway terms 'queer kinship.' These relationships reveal ways of articulating women's identities with an explicitly collective and posthuman dimension, where Haraway's concept of 'becoming-with' becomes paramount: 'To be one is always to become with many'. The reason these stories adopt this stance is because strictly human relationships, particularly those of men toward women, are highly hostile, marked by an excess of power and, therefore, violence. This motivates the need for women to generate complex, intergenerational, and vital connections among themselves and with other living entities, where such human exceptionalism can be nullified, contested, and/or transformed
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum un Cattle in a Livestock Fair in the Araucania Region, Chile
No full textEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de neosporosis en ganado bovino llevado a una feria ganadera en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Se muestrearon 437 vacas y vaquillas procedentes de predios ganaderos de comunas cercanas. Las muestras de suero fueron analizadas mediante la técnica ELISA indirecta para detectar anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum. El 21.1% (92/437) de las muestras resultaron positivas a N. caninum, mientras que 13.9% (61/437) resultó sospechoso y 65.0% (284/437) resultó negativo Los resultados obtenidos indican que la infección se encuentra diseminada en los predios y comunas de la región.The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in cattle in a livestock fair in the Region of La Araucanía, Chile. Blood samples were collected in 437 cows and heifers belonging to nearby farms. Serum samples were analyzed by the indirect ELISA technique to detect antibodies against Neospora caninum. The results showed that 21.1% of the animals were positive to neosporosis, while 13.9% (61/437) was uncertain and 65.0% (284/437) was negative. The results indicate that the infection is spread in the farms of the region
Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: navigating clinical impacts, current resistance trends, and innovations in breaking therapies
No full textPseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is recognized for its adaptability and opportunistic nature. It poses a substantial challenge in clinical settings due to its complicated antibiotic resistance mechanisms, biofilm formation, and capacity for persistent infections in both animal and human hosts. Recent studies revealed a potential zoonotic transmission of P. aeruginosa between animals, the environment, and human populations which highlights awareness of this microbe. Implementation of the One Health approach, which underscores the connection between human, animal, and environmental health, we aim to offer a comprehensive perspective on the current landscape of P. aeruginosa management. This review presents innovative strategies designed to counteract P. aeruginosa infections. Traditional antibiotics, while effective in many cases, are increasingly compromised by the development of multidrug-resistant strains. Non-antibiotic avenues, such as quorum sensing inhibition, phage therapy, and nanoparticle-based treatments, are emerging as promising alternatives. However, their clinical application encounters obstacles like cost, side effects, and safety concerns. Effectively addressing P. aeruginosa infections necessitates persistent research efforts, advancements in clinical development, and a comprehension of host-pathogen interactions to deal with this resilient pathogen
Emotions of University Professors and Students in Times of Pandemic: An Analysis from the Perspective of Resilience in Chilean Higher Education
No full textCOVID-19 forced a change in the usual face-to-face teaching-learning process to remote modalities in a matter of weeks. An abrupt change, within the context of uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, significantly increased the stress experienced by professors, students, and their families. Black screens were also a sign of anxiety in the face of new emergency didactic interaction. It has been documented that emotions influence learning; however, few studies have analyzed learning during a pandemic from a resilience approach. The perceptions of the teaching-learning process of 654 professors and 1540 students from 34 Chilean universities were analyzed. Emotions experienced in remote education during the pandemic were studied in relation to professor empathy, respect in the virtual classroom, student/professor technological resources, didactic strategies, student participation, group work, tutoring, perception of learning, assessment, and perception of demand. The results show a direct relationship between professor and student positive emotions and the quality of perceived pedagogical practice and interaction