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Caracterización del uso de fuentes de información para el acceso a criterios diagnóstico por parte de fonoaudiólogas y fonoaudiólogos en Chile
Get PDFEn el modelo de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia el fonoaudiólogo debe conocer los criterios diagnósticos y el nivel de evidencia de los procedimientos de intervención para ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado. En la literatura se describe un bajo grado de formación académica y un escaso uso de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia como fuente de acceso a diagnósticos y tratamientos. Este estudio investigó las dificultades de los fonoaudiólogos para acceder a los criterios para el diagnóstico fonoaudiológico. Se realizó una encuesta masiva online a 384 fonoaudiólogos, usando un método cuantitativo, descriptivo y transeccional. Los resultados indican que, independiente de los años de ejercicio laboral, un 79,7% de los encuestados utiliza fuentes secundarias para el acceso a criterios para el diagnóstico fonoaudiológico, un 46% no conoce fuentes de información fiables para acceder a diagnósticos y un 73,4% afirma haber tenido dificultades para acceder a criterios diagnósticos. Los sujetos encuestados no utilizan fuentes primarias que les permitan acceder a criterios que apoyen los diagnósticos fonoaudiológicos. Por lo anterior, se considera relevante educar sobre Práctica Basada en la Evidencia en el contexto universitario
Le sens du Nord dans l’éducation et la formation au lieu : Exploration d’enjeux
No full textNorthern studies have grown considerably across Canada since the last few decades. However, it appears a persistent delay in the education and training to the sense of the North, for a comprehensive teaching of Geography in Québec. Historically, the geographic education seems reluctant for including contextual knowledge coming from the Northern communities in place-based education. This paper discusses the opportunity of conceptualizing new knowledge on sense of North as Sense of Place in Québec and Canada. Elaboration of new capacities and essential knowledge about the North could constitute a thrilling opportunity for the renewal of the geographic education and environmental education. This renewed geographic education will help enhancing eco-citizenship by including northern perspectives in territorial and cultural identities as well as new spatial dynamics of humanization
The Effects of the Co-Application of MCPA Herbicide and Urea on Grass Rhizosphere Microcosms
No full textBackground: Urea fertilizer and MCPA herbicide are widely used agrochemicals in pastures. Even though urea hydrolysis impacts soil pH, potentially affecting MCPA dissipation, little is known about the effects of their co-application into the rhizosphere. Hence, we aimed to analyze the dynamics of urea transformation and MCPA dissipation when both are co-applied to the soil. Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted with a planted control and treatments incorporating urea and/or MCPA. Subsequently, pH changes, urea transformation into N-NH4+ and N-NO3-, the enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase, and MCPA dissipation were monitored for 30 d. Results: Urea application induced a significant (p < 0.05) pH change, production of N-NH4+ (from 50 and 250 mg kg(-1)) and N-NO3- (from 206 to 347 mg kg(-1)), and urease (from 12 to 35 mu mol N-NH(4)(+)g(-1) h(-1)) and dehydrogenase (from 0.5 to 2.5 mg TPF g(-1) h(-1)) activities. Urea also decelerated MCPA dissipation in the latter half of the experiment, whereas MCPA reduced urease activity when urea and herbicide were co-applied. Conclusions: Urea was the primary factor modifying the properties of the rhizosphere by stimulating the activity of microbial enzymes, shaping the pH changes during its mineralization, and decelerating MCPA dissipation. MCPA did not reduce urea mineralization but slowed urease activity, constituting an insight that requires further study
Pensamiento geográfico y educación ciudadana en Chile. Una mirada desde la educación geográfica
Get PDFLa reciente reforma curricular del sistema escolar chileno, en los dos últimos niveles de Educación Secundaria, significó el surgimiento de la asignatura Educación Ciudadana. Uno de los enfoques de esta evidencia su vinculación con educación geográfica al considerar que la política y el ejercicio ciudadano se expresan en el espacio y que este, a su vez, es generador de limitantes y oportunidades para los ciudadanos. Por lo anterior, los objetivos de este artículo son analizar los aportes de la educación geográfica a la educación ciudadana y evaluar las posibilidades que ofrece esta relación para la formación de un pensamiento geográfico en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria en Chile. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica, es posible concluir que la educación geográfica contribuye a la educación ciudadana y que ambas tributan a formar ciudadanos responsables dotados de habilidades y actitudes que les permiten vincularse de manera activa y favorable con su espacio geográfico. Asimismo, contribuye a que los estudiantes puedan constituirse como ciudadanos territoriales que piensan geográficamente, capaces de reconocer y enfrentar problemas y conflictos socioespaciales desde la empatía, el respeto y la tolerancia.The recent curricular reform of the Chilean school system, in the last two levels of Secondary Education, meant the emergence of the Citizen Education subject. One of its approaches shows its link with geographic education when considering that politics and citizens’ actions take place in a given context, which, in turn, generates limitations and opportunities for citizens. Consequently, the aims of this article are to analyze the contributions of geographic education to citizenship education and to evaluate the possibilities offered by this relationship for the formation of geographic thinking in students of Secondary Education in Chile. From the bibliographic review, it can be concluded that geographic education contributes to citizenship education and that both educations contribute to forming responsible citizens endowed with skills and attitudes that allow them to actively and favorably connect with their geographic space. Likewise, it helps students to become territorial citizens, who think geographically, capable of recognizing and facing socio-spatial problems and conflicts with empathy, respect and tolerance
Nanocellulose/Nanoporous Silicon Composite Films as a Drug Delivery System
No full textNanocellulose (NC) is a promising material for drug delivery due to its high surface area-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility in various formats (nanoparticles, hydrogels, microspheres, membranes, and films). In this study, nanocellulose films were derived from 'Bolaina blanca' (Guazuma crinita) and combined with nanoporous silicon microparticles (nPSi) in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% (w/v), using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binding agent to create NC/nPSi composite films for drug delivery systems. The physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties and drug release capabilities were also evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as an antibacterial drug model. Antibacterial assays were conducted against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The results show that NC/nPSi composites with 1% nPSi increased the T50% by 10 degrees C and enhanced mechanical properties, such as a 70% increase in the elastic modulus and a 372% increase in elongation, compared to NC films. Additionally, MB released from NC/nPSi composites effectively inhibited the growth of both bacteria. It was also observed that the diffusion coefficients were inversely proportional to the % nPSi. These findings suggest that this novel NC/nPSi-based material can serve as an effective controlled drug release system
Beyond Habermas without forgetting Habermas: the need to think critically about universalisms
No full textIn this paper, immersed in two of the traditions that give body to critical thinking (the Frankfurt School and intercultural critical thinking), we propose to develop some guidelines to continue pondering on a necessary and renewed universalism. To develop this objective, we will delve into some of Habermas' central categories of thought as well as some of the criticism they received. Habermas is a good starting point, since in addition to overcoming the pessimistic and catastrophic vision of the first generation of the Frankfurt School on the future of humanity, going beyond instrumental and strategic reasons, with the emergence of communicative action, he installs a transformative, universal rationality, in which the link between actors and speakers will play a fundamental role. The goal is not to replace his universalism, nor to deny it, but to make it more complex
Ruralidades y extractivismo en Chile. Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Economía (Coord.)
No full textReseña - Ruralidades y extractivismo en Chile. Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Economía (Coord.
Climate change impacts on an agriculture dominatedCanadian watershed
Get PDFAgricultural water management plays a vital role in the food production and food security (Abbaspour, et al. 2007). Improper management of agriculture leads to local or far field water quality. Runoff from an agriculture land is considerably enriched with different kinds of nutrients, sediments, and pesticides. Nutrient loadings carried with the runoff has caused eutrophication to various degrees and scales, from small and large bays around the Great Lakes (e.g., Green Bay in Lake Michigan) to wide-scale eutrophication in some of the Great Lakes themselves (e.g., Lake Erie) (Inamdar, S. and Naumov, A. 2006).. Water quality and watershed management programs are highly benefitted from simulation models since the advent of computer-based watershed models (Daggupatiet al. 2018). To this extent, present study used Soil and Water assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the climate change impacts on nutrient loadings primarily occur from runofffrom a Canadian agriculture dominated watershed. We found that non-point source pollutants especially total N and total P originating from agriculture land is decreasing during mid and late century projections. Streamflow during winter and fall is projected to increase compared to historical period.La gestión del agua agrícola juega un papel vital en la producción de alimentos y la seguridad alimentaria (Abbaspour, et al. 2007). La gestión inadecuada de la agricultura conduce a la calidad del agua local o lejana. La escorrentía de una tierra agrícola se enriquece considerablemente con diferentes tipos de nutrientes, sedimentos y pesticidas. Las cargas de nutrientes transportadas con la escorrentía han causado eutrofización en varios grados y escalas, desde bahías pequeñas y grandes alrededor de los Grandes Lagos (por ejemplo, Green Bay en el lago Michigan) hasta eutrofización a gran escala en algunos de los mismos Grandes Lagos (por ejemplo, el lago Erie ) (Inamdar, S. y Naumov, A. 2006). Los programas de gestión de la calidad del agua y de las cuencas hidrográficas se benefician enormemente de los modelos de simulación desde la llegada de los modelos de cuencas hidrográficas basados en computadora (Daggupati et al. 2018). En este sentido, el presente estudio utilizó la herramienta de evaluación del suelo y el agua (SWAT) para investigar los impactos del cambio climático en las cargas de nutrientes que se producen principalmente por la escorrentía de una cuenca hidrográfica dominada por la agricultura canadiense. Descubrimos que los contaminantes de fuentes difusas, especialmente el N total y el P total que se originan en las tierras agrícolas, están disminuyendo durante las proyecciones de mediados y finales de siglo. Se prevé que el caudal durante el invierno y el otoño aumente en comparación con el período histórico
Sociology of the Market in Latin America: Toward a Research Agenda
Get PDFLa sociología económica estudia los aspectos fundamentales de la vida económica y del rol de los mercados en la sociedad, pero ello no se ha abordado convenientemente en América Latina. Se propone una agenda de investigación enfocada en problemas como los mecanismos que definen las fronteras para los mercados; la formación de mercados específicos; el vínculo entre dinamismo de los mercados y la estratificación social; las formas de regulación de los mercados; y los aspectos culturales e institucionales que modelan los mercados y la innovación. Se proveen ejemplos tomados de Chile, país que funciona como un caso extremo en materia de economía de mercado y de una estructura económica elitista y jerarquizada.Economic sociology studies the fundamentals of economic life and the role of markets in society; but this has not been appropriately focused on in Latin America. This article proposes a research agenda centering on problems like the mechanisms defining the borders for markets; the formation of specific markets; the link between markets’ dynamism and social stratification; forms of market regulation; and the cultural and institutional elements that model markets and innovation. The author offers examples from Chile, a country that acts as an extreme case for the market economy and an elitist, hierarchical economic structure
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Ancient Domestic Goats from the Archaeological Site Cueva Huenul 1, Patagonia, Argentina
No full textThe goat is one of the first herbivores to be domesticated, expanding throughout the world. Goats were introduced in South America during the sixteenth century. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism constitutes one of the main constraints to the breeding of goats worldwide. This is the first study conducted to investigate the GI parasites recovered from goat coprolites from historical times of Patagonia. Goat coprolites were studied from the archaeological site Cueva Huenul I. Coprolites were processed by rehydration followed by homogenisation and sieved for spontaneous sedimentation. Samples were examined by light microscopy. At least 12 parasite species were recorded. In this first paleoparasitological study of Patagonian ancient goats we found a high percentage of positive samples. We recorded parasite species that currently are common in wild and domestic ruminants, some of them are of public health and veterinary importance; several species are zoonotic. Our results suggest that this could also have been a problem in terms of animal and human health in historical times. The results urge further investigation of the diversity and origin of the infectious diseases of domesticated animals around the dispersal routes associated with ancient human activities and their interaction with native species