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Integridad de la competencia deportiva en el fútbol. El caso chileno de administración y propiedad en los clubes deportivos
No full textEl presente artículo tiene el propósito de analizar la normativa legal e interna referida a la administración y participación en los clubes profesionales del fútbol chileno. Como resultado del análisis, la regulación chilena presenta vacíos y defectos que permitirían la afectación de la integridad de la competencia deportiva por lo que se hace necesario reformar el sistema para asegurar su cumplimiento.The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal and internal regulations related to the administration and ownership of Chilean profes-sional football clubs. The analysis shows that Chilean regulations present gaps and defects that would affect the integrity of sports competition; it is therefore necessary to reform the system to ensure compliance
“Nunca me dejó sola”. Experiencias de acompañamiento durante prácticas pedagógicas finales en Chile
Get PDFFinanciado por Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad Católica de Temuco.El acompañamiento pedagógico constituye un espacio formativo y relacional donde participan instituciones de educación superior y escolares. Sin embargo, las experiencias de acompañamiento carentes de diálogo y colaboración tensionan la práctica y saberes pedagógicos del estudiantado. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar experiencias y condiciones necesarias para el acompañamiento pedagógico durante las prácticas finales. El método de investigación es cualitativo y basado en la Teoría Fundamentada. Se entrevistó a 15
estudiantes de la Universidad Católica de Temuco en prácticas pedagógicas finales durante el periodo 2018–2019, en la región de La Araucanía, Chile. Los datos corresponden a testimonios de estudiantes, analizados mediante una codificación abierta con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti versión 9. En cuanto a la ética de la investigación, se elaboró un consentimiento informado con compromisos de confidencialidad y anonimato. Los resultados se articulan en dos dimensiones: experiencias relevantes de acompañamiento y condiciones necesarias para el acompañamiento pedagógico. Respecto a la primera dimensión, se observan acciones de acogida al iniciar la práctica profesional, apoyo constante de quienes desarrollan tutorías y aprendizajes adquiridos en la observación de sus acciones. La segunda dimensión da cuenta del apoyo de personas tutoras, trabajo colaborativo, apoyo del profesorado del centro escolar y la construcción de relaciones de confianza. Se concluyó que es necesario generar acciones, tales como: inducción docente que estimule la confianza entre las personas tutoras y estudiantes, formación para la observación basada en evidencia, participación de otros docentes, incentivo de diversas experiencias de acompañamiento y elaboración de planes de formación tutorial.Pedagogical accompaniment constitutes a formative and relational space in which higher education institutions and schools participate. However, experiences of accompaniment lacking dialogue and collaboration strain the practice and pedagogical knowledge of students. The purpose of the study is to identify experiences and conditions necessary for pedagogical accompaniment during final internships. The research method is qualitative and based on Grounded Theory. Fifteen students of the Catholic University of Temuco were interviewed in final
pedagogical practices during the period 2018 - 2019, in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. The data correspond to student testimonies, analyzed through open coding with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 9. Regarding the ethics of the research, an informed consent with confidentiality and anonymity commitments was elaborated. The results are divided into two dimensions: relevant experiences of accompaniment and conditions necessary for pedagogical accompaniment. Regarding the first dimension, welcoming actions at the beginning of the professional practice, constant support from those who develop tutorials and learning acquired in the observation of their actions are observed. The second dimension shows the support of tutors, collaborative work, support from school teachers and the building of trusting relationships. It is concluded that it is necessary to generate actions such as: teacher induction that stimulates trust between tutors and students, training for evidence-based observation, promoting the participation of other teachers, encouraging diverse accompaniment experiences and developing tutorial training plans
Communicative-Kvmecegeam Evaluation in Education Within a Mapuche Context: Proposal of an Approach
No full textThe Communicative-Kvmecegeam evaluation approach in education is the result of extensive research and reflections within the Mapuche context in the south-central and southern regions of Chile. This approach is inspired by recognition and participation as dimensions to overcome socio-educational inequality seen in this context and is consistent with the transformative paradigm of evaluation. This approach first accounts for an educational evaluation based on territorial, cultural, social and linguistic components. Second, it integrates evaluation cycles that account for orientations, methodologies and participatory evaluation procedures with various people-teachers, family members, Elders-who offer their knowledge to guide the evaluation. Finally, the article presents some lessons learned to date, such as the transition from a traditional concept in evaluation to a more processual and formative one within the framework of social justice
Condom use among young Chileans: The role of social determinants, gender roles and mental health
No full textBackground: Despite various strategies implemented to promote sexual education and prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the 10th National Youth Survey revealed that slightly more than half of young people in Chile used a condom during their last sexual encounter. While several sociodemographic, cultural, and psychological predictors have been described, recent studies specific to Chile are scarce. Aim: To examine the relationship between social determinants, gender roles, and mental health symptoms with condom use in young Chileans. Material and Methods: Secondary data from the 10th National Youth Survey were analyzed. The analytical sample comprised 5,507 young people who had started their sexual life. Multiple binomial logistic regression models were run using survey-based data estimates. Results: Older youth, women, people who identify with any ethnicity, those in a dating relationship, and those diagnosed with an STI are less likely to use a condom at last intercourse. Conclusion: Individual characteristics can explain adherence to preventive behaviors and may reflect underlying psychological and cultural factors. Identifying socio-structural, cultural, and psychological factors associated with preventive and protective sexual behaviors should be a health priority, as it enables the design and promotion of more effective social communication campaigns
Meanings and Expectations of Rural Education of Mapuche Mothers in La Araucania, Chile
No full textThe article presents research results that account for the construction of meanings and expectations of Mapuche mothers from La Araucan & iacute;a, Chile, regarding the rural school education they attended and that their children and grandchildren receive today. The methodology is qualitative, six Mapuche mothers who experienced schooling processes and who send their children and grandchildren to the same school were interviewed. The data were analyzed through content analysis in order to identify the explicit and latent meanings that the mothers have constructed around their experience. The main results show that Mapuche mothers have memories of traumatic experiences in their schooling process, supported by physical and symbolic punishment. However, they decide to continue sending their children and grandchildren to those same classroom spaces in the hope that they can achieve a better economic future. Likewise, they hope that with more education they will have a relationship of respect and appreciation of their Mapuche being in society. We conclude that historically school education has been characterized as an oppressive and punishing school that has currently sought its transformation under a discourse of relationships of respect and appreciation of social and cultural diversity
CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA DE UN REBAÑO DE BOVINO CRIOLLO PATAGÓNICO CHILENO
Get PDFEl bovino criollo patagónico chileno (BCPC) es un recurso genético que puede tener gran importancia en programas de mejoramiento genético de la ganadería tipo extensivo que se desarrolla tanto en la región de Aysén como en otras zonas del país. A pesar de esto, y aunque se han realizado estudios destinados a caracterizar fenotípicamente a dicho grupo de animales, a la fecha no se habían realizado estudios genéticos destinados a conocer su estado de conservación, y su estructura genética poblacional en comparación con la observada en otras razas bovinas utilizadas en Chile. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la estructura genética de un grupo de BCPC existentes en un predio de la localidad de Mañihuales, Región de Aysén, la cual fue comparada con las estructuras genéticas de otras razas bovinas utilizadas comúnmente en Chile, para la producción de leche y carne. El análisis consideró la utilización de 10 marcadores microsatélites recomendados por FAO/ISAG, mediante los cuales fue posible estimar una serie de variables genético poblacionales, realizar pruebas de equilibrio de Hardy y Weinberg, y detectar la conformación de grupos genéticamente diferenciados. Los resultados indican que el BCPC es una importante fuente de variabilidad genética bovina, lo que junto con sus características productivas y su adaptabilidad al ambiente patagónico, podrían transformar a este grupo de animales en un importante recurso para la actividad ganadera nacional.The Criollo patagónico chileno (BCPC) (a type of Chilean creole that exist in the Patagonia) is a genetic resource that may have importance in the genetic improvement of extensive beef production systems both in the Aysen region as well as in other areas of Chile. Up to now there have been some studies designed to characterize phenotipically this type of animal but we are not aware of research aiming to determine its current conservation status and its population genetics, in comparison to other cattle breeds used in the country. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic structure of a group of BCPC from a farm located in Mañihuales Aysen); this structure was compared with that of other beef and dairy cattle breeds of common use in Chile. The analysis considered the use of 10 microsatellite markers recommended by FAO/ISAG that allowed to estimate several population genetic variables, perform Hardy and Weinberg proportions and identify groups genetically differentiated. Results indicate that the BCPC is an important source of bovine genetic variability, a characteristic that could be used along with its production characteristics and its adaptability to the Patagonian environment to further improve the genetics of cattle in the countr
Experiencia etnográfica con/sobre mujeres colla : Crianzas y prácticas de cuidado
Get PDFEste artículo presenta un estudio etnográfico que indaga en las prácticas de cuidado y en las experiencias de crianza de mujeres colla en la región de Atacama, Chile. La investigación se posiciona desde la etnograf ía feminista, ya que está situada y centrada en las participantes, reconociéndolas como creadoras culturales. Los resultados principales muestran diversos saberes y prácti-cas de cuidado asociados a la crianza de niños y niñas, asimismo recoge relatos de vida cordilleranos que configuran sus crianzas y sus nuevas formas de (re)significar el cuidado. La principal conclusión es que las prácticas de cuidado son construidas históricamente y encarnadas en los cuerpos y memoria colec-tiva de las mujeres colla, los que se configuran como saberes ancestrales, que les permite posicionarse como transmisoras culturales en sus comunidades indígenas, siendo clave en su discurso la tradición cordillerana, la migración forzada, la vida comunitaria, la maternidad colectiva y la violencia patriarcal.This article presents an ethnographic study that investigates the care practices and experiences of raising Colla women in the Atacama region, Chile. The research is positioned from the feminist ethnography, since it is lo-cated and focused on the participants, recognizing them as cultural creators. The main results show varied knowledge and care practices associated with the upbringing of boys and girls, as well as life stories from the Andes that shape their upbringing and their new ways of (re) signifying care. The main conclu-sion is that care practices are historically constructed and embodied in the bo-dies and collective memory of Colla women, which are configured as ancestral knowledge. This allows them to position themselves as a cultural transmitter in their indigenous communities, being the mountain range tradition, forced migration, community life, collective motherhood and patriarchal violence key issues in their discourse
Mucin 5B, carbonic anhydrase 9 and claudin 18 are potential theranostic markers of gallbladder carcinoma
No full textAims Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive tumour that is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and is characterised by a poor prognosis. Using public data of normal human tissues, we found that mRNA and protein levels of mucin 5B (MUC5B) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) were highly increased in gallbladder tissues. In addition, previous evidence has shown that claudin 18 (CLDN18) protein expression is higher in GBC. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of these cell surface proteins during the histological progression of GBC in order to identify their theranostic potential. Methods and results MUC5B expression, CA9 expression and CLDN18 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in a series of 179 chronic cholecystitis (including 16 metaplastic tissues), 15 dysplasia and 217 GBC samples by the use of tissue microarray analysis. A composite staining score was calculated from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression of MUC5B and CA9 among normal epithelium, metaplastic tissues, and dysplastic tissues. However, expression of both proteins was observed in roughly 50% of GBC samples. In contrast, CLDN18 was absent in normal epithelium, but its expression was higher in metaplastic cells. Among GBC cases, approximately half showed high CLDN18 expression. No associations were found between MUC5B, CA9 and CLDN18 expression and any clinicopathological features. Conclusions CLDN18 is a new metaplasia marker in gallbladder tissues, and is conserved in approximately half of GBC cases. MUC5B and CA9 are highly conserved during GBC histological progression. The three markers are potential theranostic markers, in particular CA9 and CLDN18, for which there are already targeted therapies available
Early life behavior and disease dynamics of pair-housed Holstein heifer calves
No full textAlthough social housing has been associated with improved welfare in farm animals, little is documented about the early life behavior or the disease dynamics of pair-housed calves. Our objective was to describe and analyze the behavior of pair-housed calves from day 1-10 of life, together with the disease dynamics within pairs during the first 30 days of life. An observational study was conducted in the summer of 2020, in a calf facility in Northern Colorado, USA. A total of 58 pairs of Holstein heifer calves were enrolled at birth and followed for 1 month to analyze disease dynamics within pairs housed together. A subgroup of 15 pairs of calves were video recorded to assess the dynamics in their behavior until 10 days of life. Calves were video recorded 3 times per day (AM, Noon, PM) for 60 min before and after each milk feeding (360 min/day). Behaviors of interest were resting and active time, play behavior, and time spent alone or together. Calf health was assessed 3 times per week. Linear mixed models were completed to evaluate differences in behavioral outcomes across days, considering pair as a cluster. Mean (SE) resting time ranged from 75.5 (2.8) to 107.9 (3.4) min per 120 min period, while active time ranged from 15.6 (6.9) to 84.5 (5.2) min per period. Calves modified their resting/ active time over the monitoring period in both the AM and PM periods. Notably, calves spent over 50% of the active time performing play behaviors. From day 2, calves increased their active time interacting in social or synchronized play behaviors. Moreover, calves increased their time together inside the hutch in the AM from 17.9 (8.7) to 46.7 (9.1) min. Similarly, they increased their time together outside the hutch in the AM from 7.3 (3.6) to 31.4 (3.6) min, and during the PM from 3.5 (4.9) to 27.4 (5.5) min. Regarding disease presentation, 98% of the calves had events of abnormal fecal consistency within 30 days of life. However, 26% of the pair mates did not develop disease within 5 days following the diagnosis of the initial case within the pair. Furthermore, 75.6% of the abnormal fecal consistency cases were moderate, and 71.4% of pen mates did not show the same level of severity. Young calves modified their behavior towards a more social setting, despite challenging environmental conditions associated with the summer season. Diarrhea did not develop in all pair mates regardless of contact
Unraveling Drug Delivery from Cyclodextrin Polymer-Coated Breast Implants: Integrating a Unidirectional Diffusion Mathematical Model with COMSOL Simulations
No full textBreast cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and bears the highest mortality rate. As an integral component of cancer treatment, mastectomy entails the complete removal of the affected breast. Typically, breast reconstruction, involving the use of silicone implants (augmentation mammaplasty), is employed to address the aftermath of mastectomy. To mitigate postoperative risks associated with mammaplasty, such as capsular contracture or bacterial infections, the functionalization of breast implants with coatings of cyclodextrin polymers as drug delivery systems represents an excellent alternative. In this context, our work focuses on the application of a mathematical model for simulating drug release from breast implants coated with cyclodextrin polymers. The proposed model considers a unidirectional diffusion process following Fick's second law, which was solved using the orthogonal collocation method, a numerical technique employed to approximate solutions for ordinary and partial differential equations. We conducted simulations to obtain release profiles for three therapeutic molecules: pirfenidone, used for preventing capsular contracture; rose Bengal, an anticancer agent; and the antimicrobial peptide KR-12. Furthermore, we calculated the diffusion profiles of these drugs through the cyclodextrin polymers, determining parameters related to diffusivity, solute solid-liquid partition coefficients, and the Sherwood number. Finally, integrating these parameters in COMSOL multiphysics simulations, the unidirectional diffusion mathematical model was validated