4982 research outputs found
Sort by
PROBABILISTIC MODELS FOR STUDYING THE POTENTIAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THREE INTERTIDAL DECAPODS IN THE NORTH OF CHILE (TALTAL, 25°S, ANTOFAGASTA REGION)
No full textThe northern Chilean coast is characterized by its high productivity and diversity due to the presence of the cold, nutrient -rich water of the Humboldt Current. The coasts in the area are mainly bordered by rocky shores that provide many microhabitats for invertebrates. The aim of the present study was to analyse the spatial distribution of three sympatric intertidal decapods, Leptograpsus variegatus , Cyclograpsus cinereus and Petrolisthes granulosus , using probabilistic models. The studied locality was situated on the rocky shores of Taltal Bay, in the north of Chile. The counting of individuals could reveal the presence of the reported species, and if they did or did not coexist. The results revealed that L. variegatus and C. cinereus had a uniform pattern with Binomial distribition, whereas P. granulosus showed a random occurrence with Poisson distribution. These results would not coincide with classical observations of intertidal decapods on the rocky shores of continental Chile, as those denoted a gregarious pattern, but the distributions found would rather explain potential territorial behaviour
Social representations of democracy and citizenship in southern Chile’s undergraduate pedagogy students
Get PDFEl presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar y describir las representaciones sobre democracia y ciudadanía de un conjunto de estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía, con la finalidad de aportar antecedentes para el debate con respecto a la relevancia de incluir una estrategia clara de formación ciudadana en estas carreras. El estudio tiene un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se aplicó a 249 estudiantes pertenecientes a la Facultad de Educación de una universidad regional del sur de Chile. Se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales y el análisis se realizó tomando los valores arrojados por dichas redes, indagando sobre las representaciones de “democracia”, “ciudadanía”, “partidos políticos chilenos” y “democracia en Chile”. Los resultados evidencian que los jóvenes representan la democracia como un adecuado sistema de organización social y política, y la ciudadanía como su forma de expresión válida. Sin embargo, al focalizar la atención en la realidad chilena, desacreditan la expresión que adquiere la democracia en el país, con representaciones negativas de los partidos políticos chilenos también. Se observa una clara ruptura entre los conceptos ideales de democracia y ciudadanía, y su aplicación concreta a la realidad chilena. Estos resultados permiten una primera aproximación a las conceptualizaciones políticas de los estudiantes con miras al diseño de una política de formación inicial docente que incluya la formación ciudadana.This article presents the results of an investigation whose objective was to identify and describe the representations about democracy and citizenship of a group of undergraduate pedagogy’s students, in order to provide a first background for the discussion on the relevance to include a clear strategy of citizenship education for these careers. The study has a qualitative methodological approach. It was applied to 249 students from the Faculty of Education at a regional university of southern Chile. The technique used was a Natural Semantic Network and analysis was made on the values thrown by such networks. We inquired about the representations of "democracy", "citizenship", "Chilean political parties" and "democracy in Chile". The results show that young people represent democracy as an adequate system of social and political organization and citizenship as its valid form of expression. However, by focusing attention on the Chilean reality, the expression of democracy in the country is discredited. They also represent negatively Chilean political parties. We observed a clear break between the ideals of democracy and citizenship concepts and their concrete application to the Chilean reality. These results allow a first approach to the political conceptualizations of students to design a policy of initial teacher training that includes civic education
Labour Studies in Latin America. Identification of themes and lines of research (2001- 2020)
No full textThis research aims to deepen and identify what are the themes and changes that have existed in Latin American scientific work around the studies of the world of work. To this end, bibliometric tools will be developed to identify, characterise and analyse themes within the debates and approaches in which labour studies have developed in the 21st century. To achieve this objective, this paper proposes to present a review of the current debates in labour studies in Latin America, to analyse the production through scientometric tools and to present some of the agendas and lines of the discipline. Finally, a reflection on the scope and potential of scientometric tools and their contribution to the study of the complexity of the world of work is proposed
Stability and electronic properties of aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules for Guest@MOF complexes
No full textA set of Guest@Host complexes formed by aromatic and heteroaromatic guest molecules encapsulated into the [Zn2(SDC)2(An2Py)] as host structure was computationally investigated. The stability of these complexes was characterized by energy decomposition and intermolecular interaction analysis, demonstrating the strong effect of dispersion forces and electrostatic interactions on the adsorption and interaction energy, being more stable the heteroaromatic cases. The electronic structure and semiconductor properties of Guest@MOF complexes have proved that heteroaromatic guest molecules allow band-gap tuning, depending on the electron donor and acceptor character of the guest molecules. Simulated absorption spectra of Guest@MOF complexes preserved the same profile because of the higher contribution of MOF, but heteroaromatic complexes displayed interesting cases of Charge-Transfer excitations, generating new bands at lower energy. The Charge-Transfer spectra have exhibited the active participation of the Guest molecule in Charge-Transfer excitations, but the electronic Redistribution has played the key role in the global spectrum of Guest@MOF complexes. Incorporating heteroaromatic guest molecules appeared as an outstanding strategy to tune-up the MOF electronic properties
Proximity to forest plantations is associated with presence and abundance of invasive plants in landscapes of south-central Chile
No full textInvasive plant species (IPs) are widespread in forests and cause substantial environmental, economic and social impacts. They occupy native ecological niches, causing local extinctions to the detriment of native biodiversity and disrupting ecosystem services provision. How landscape characteristics may determine the success of IPs remains unclear and, more importantly, how land-use and land-cover changes may result in spatial shifts in the invasion risk. Furthermore, the study of how landscape factors may influence biological invasions has focused on particular species, but not the IPs' community. In this study, we identify and assess landscape variables that influence the presence and distribution of the IPs' community in temperate forests of a global biodiversity hotspot in south-central Chile. We fitted spatially explicit models, combining field-sampling information and landscape variables related to land-use/land-cover, topography, climate, soil characteristics and anthropogenic factors to explain and predict the presence and distribution of the IPs' community. From the whole sampling of plant species, we identified eight plant species classified as IPs: three trees and five shrubs. We used field data from 125 500 x 2 m-transects, in which we registered species richness, abundance and basal area of IPs' community. Distance to forest plantations was the landscape variable with the most substantial influence on IPs' presence and distribution. Richness, abundance and basal area of IPs' trees were higher at shorter distances from forest plantations. The basal area of IPs' trees was the best model explaining the relationship between IPs' community and landscape variables. All descriptors of the IPs' community showed similar spatial patterns: species richness, abundance and tree basal area are higher in more disturbed areas. Our findings contribute to increasing our understanding of the distribution patterns of IPs in forest landscapes. Our models can be suitable tools for designing strategies to prevent, mitigate or make integrated control of the impacts of invasive species in forest landscapes
Municipalismo al rescate. Derechos, sujetos y política relocalizada: el caso de Barcelona (2015-2019)
No full textEn España, tras la crisis de 2008 y los profundos impactos que el debilitamiento de los derechos consiguiente tuvo en las mayorías sociales, la movilización de la ciudadanía se expresó, entre otras formas, a través de la ‘apuesta municipalista’ que eclosiona en 2015. El presente texto pretende ofrecer una reflexión sobre los alcances, los retos y los límites de dicha apuesta a partir de un ejemplo concreto, el que ofrece la ciudad de Barcelona con la llegada al poder local de Barcelona en Comú, un partido surgido en buena medida de tales movilizaciones y liderado por Ada Colau, quien fuera la principal portavoz de la Plataforma de Afectados y Afectadas por la Hipoteca (PAH), uno de los fenómenos más notorios de la movilización social en los últimos años. La presente contribución parte de una concepción crítica de los derechos sociales, en el sentido de rechazar su reducción a prestaciones despolitizadas y centradas en el Estado en forma de acceso a los servicios o a la provisión de materiales y, desde tal perspectiva, se pregunta por el modo en que las apuestas políticas municipalistas han sido capaces o no de ofrecer otro tipo de respuestas y de interaccionar de manera constructiva con los movimientos sociales.In Spain, after the 2008 crisis and the profound impact the conse-quent weakening of rights had on the social majorities, the mobilisation of the citizenry was expressed, among other forms, through the 'municipalist com-mitment' that emerged in 2015. This paper aims to offer a reflection on the scope, challenges and limits of this commitment based on a specific example, the one offered by the city of Barcelona with the rise to local power of Barcelo-na en Comú, a party that emerged largely from such mobilisations, led by Ada Colau, who was the main spokesperson of the Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (PAH), one of the most notorious phenomena of social mobilisation in recent years. This study is based on a critical conception of social rights, in the sense of rejecting their reduction to depoliticised, state-centred benefits in the form of access to services or the provision of materials. From this perspec-tive, it is questioned the way in which municipalist policies have or have not been able to offer other types of responses and to interact constructively with social movements
Evaluation of the Use of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement in Chile: Urban Infrastructure Solution for Adaptation and Mitigation against Climate Change
No full textThere is currently a context of climate change due to the way modern cities are developed, and they are made up mainly of impermeable surfaces and concrete buildings that change the hydrological cycle, causing (i) an increase in temperatures, (ii) the accumulation of stormwater on different surfaces, (iii) overflow in drainage systems, and (iv) the alteration of ventilation patterns, among others. This article presents a case study on the implementation of a permeable interlocking concrete paving (PICP) system, and it develops physical-mathematical modeling using software for the design of a parking lot that currently does not have adequate paving and urban drainage, resulting in sporadic flooding due to heavy rainfall in the city of Temuco, La Araucania region, Chile. This article's contribution highlights the application of new technology in Chile, discussing road infrastructure solutions based on sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs), which seek to implement feasible alternatives in urban sectors to improve human livelihood. The factors studied include structural and hydrological properties, along with the infiltration analysis of the system according to historical rainfall records in the area. This research concludes that the permeable pavement system with a drainage pipe and smooth roughness coefficient performs satisfactorily for an extreme hydrometeorological event corresponding to 140 mm considering 24 h of rainfall with a return period of 100 years equivalent to an inflow of 673 m3/day. Finally, the results indicate that, at least in the conditions of the city of Temuco, the use of permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) proves to be a sustainable and feasible alternative to implementing measures of adaptation and mitigation against climate change, reducing the city's flooding zones and allowing the irrigation of urban green areas
One step forward, two steps back? Shifting accumulation strategies in the lithium production network in Chile
No full textThe global race for critical minerals for the energy transition is triggering manifold discourses and initiatives in resource-rich countries regarding how to take advantage of the moment. From conventional accumulation strategies based on the capture of resource rents to more ambitious strategies seeking to move forward in the value chain, resource peripheries are in a decisive conjuncture. While the literature discussing the development and embeddedness of battery production networks in mineral-rich countries is a solid starting point, this article seeks to examine how the contingent position of mineral-rich states in the production network is the outcome of internal and external struggles that define its accumulation strategy. For such purpose, this contribution examines the making and unmaking of accumulation strategies based on lithium extraction in Chile, the country with the world & PRIME;s largest reserves. The results show that a pendular movement between the strategy of exporting lithium brine at a large scale to appropriate resource rents and the development of value-added products in the country has undermined the development of the lithium value chain in Chile. Conclusions indicate that it is crucial to define a transversal and sustainable strategy that allows the country to take advantage of the energy transition
