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Propriedades psicométricas do ERASOR 2.0 em adolescentes chilenos com práticas sexuais abusivas
Get PDFObjetivo: Explorar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento ERASOR 2.0 en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos que han cometido prácticas sexuales abusivas.
Método: A través de un diseño instrumental se analizaron los registros de 196 adolescentes varones entre 12 y 18 años, procedentes de seis regiones del país.
Resultados: Con base en criterios externos extraídos de los instrumentos MACI y CACSA se informan aceptables propiedades psicométricas de análisis de fiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach 0.75), confiabilidad interjueces (kappa de Fleiss 0.67) y validez concurrente.
Discusión: El presente estudio destaca por ser la primera exploración psicométrica del instrumento en Latinoamérica, en la cual se reporta una adecuada evidencia de confiabilidad y validez que sustentan su uso en programas de tratamientos y contextos jurídico-forenses de Chile.Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the ERASOR 2.0 instrument in a sample of Chilean
adolescents who have committed abusive sexual practices.
Methodology: The records of 196 adolescents males between the ages of 12 and 18 from six regions of the country were analyzed through an instrumental design.
Results: Based on external criteria from the MACI and CACSA instruments, the psychometric properties of reliability analyses (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.75), inter-rater reliability (Fleiss’ Kappa 0.67) and concurring validity.
Discussion: This study stands out because it is the instrument’s first psychometric exploration in Latin America in which adequate evidence of reliability and validity is reported, which support its use in treatment programs and legalforensic contexts in Chile
A Proposal of Neural Networks with Intermediate Outputs
Get PDFFinanciado por la Universidad Andrés Bello.The automatic data classification is an essential problem in machine learning, and it applies to different contexts such as people detection, health or astronomy. In recent years, deep neural networks have gained extensive attention due to their excellent performance on large and complex datasets. A neural network is a supervised method for classification, therefore typically requires a set of inputs and targets for the training process. However, it is possible to include auxiliary outputs that characterize aspects of the object of interest, which can accelerate the learning process. For example, in an image, a person may have extra outputs like attributes given by the presence of a hat or beard. However, the classical neural networks do not consider the presence of explicit auxiliary outputs. Furthermore, these outputs might be at a lower semantic level. We propose a framework that allows for using auxiliary outputs connected to hidden layers that complement the output connected to the output layer of the network. The key idea is to improve the training process of a neural network through a variant of the standard backpropagation algorithm that considers these auxiliary outputs. The article presents experimental evidence of the advantages of the proposed idea in various real datasets. Results also show new research venues and practical applications into image recognition considering a deep learning setting
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE): Biosynthesis, Derivatives and Formulations with Neuroprotective Activities
No full textNeurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive process of degeneration and neuronal death, where oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases. Therefore, two major pathways involved in these pathologies have been proposed as relevant therapeutic targets: The nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), which responds to oxidative stress with cytoprotecting activity; and the nuclear factor NF-kappa B pathway, which is highly related to the neuroinflammatory process by promoting cytokine expression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-kappa B pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of CAPE derivatives, their miscellaneous activities, and relevant studies (from 2010 to 2023), addressing their neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo
ANTROPOMETRIC INDICATORS, NUTRITIONALSTATUS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN SCHOOLCHILDREN WHIT MAPUCHE AND NON. MAPUCHE ETHNIC GROUPS, CHILE.
No full textObjectives: To identify, through the association of anthropometric, status nutritional and physical variables, the cardiometabolic risk in Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren in the Araucania Region. Material and methods: It is a descriptive, crosssectional study, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H statistical tests. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program, version 22.0 (p < 0.05). The participants were 250 schoolchildren: 185 Mapuche and 65 nonMapuche. Anthropometric tests of weight and height for age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WSR), and the Course Navette aerobic capacity test (VO2max), Ruffier index were evaluated and resting heart rate (RHR). Results: Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren presented similar sizes; Their weight and waist circumference differed according to their body mass index classifications, however there were no statistically significant differences between the ethnic groups. Conclusions: The size variable does not determine the presence or absence of cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with Mapuche and non-Mapuche ethnic ancestry through the WSR indicator. However, the study demonstrated that the weight and WC variables directly influence the presence of cardiometabolic risk in the schoolchildren of the sample diagnosed with overweight and obesity
La causa del sujeto desde el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Aportes desde el filósofo chileno Sergio Romero González
No full textSe aborda la cuestión del sujeto en su dimensión ético-política en vista de superar su interpretación en régimen de sujeto débil (faible) y entrar en una consideración en régimen de sujeto fuerte, en clave de su potencia (puis-sance) como agente de transformación y acción política emancipatoria. Este enfoque lo tomamos en general de la tesis profundizada por el filósofo belga Maesschalck sobre la cuestión de la causa del sujeto, lo que nos permitirá expo-ner algunos puntos de articulación y eventuales aportes que se pueden realizar desde el filósofo chileno Romero González acerca de un pensamiento situado.This paper addresses the question of the subject in its ethical-po-litical dimension, as a way of overcoming its interpretation as a weak subject regime (faible) and enter into a consideration in a strong subject regime, in terms of its power (puissance) as an agent of transformation and emancipatory political action. This approach has been taken from the thesis on the question of the cause of the subject, worked in depth by the Belgian philosopher M. Maesschalck, which allows us to expose some points of articulation and eventual contributions that can be made from the Chilean philosopher S. Romero González and his proposal of situated thought
Trajectory of Systemic Blood Pressure in Early Life: A Cohort Study
No full textObjective. To track the BP (blood pressure) trajectory of healthy infants during the first year of life of healthy infants born in Northeast Brazil. Methods. In this cohort study, BP was assessed by oscillometry at the first 24 hours of life and 12 months of age. Results. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased with age (P < .001) and were not influenced by gender (SBP: P = .178 and DBP: P = .623) or type of delivery (SBP: P = .827 and DBP: P = .106), when compared between the first 24 hours of life and 12 months of age. Conclusion. The data from the present study increased knowledge about the trajectory of BP during the first year of life. The increase in BP between the first month and the first year of life was not influenced by gender or type of delivery
La justicia restaurativa como mecanismo de la justicia transicional para el tratamiento de conflictos armados
Get PDFEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar el aporte que puede ofrecer a los procesos de justicia transicional las orientaciones y mecanismos de la justicia restaurativa, para negociar la paz en conflictos armados. Para lo cual se usó una metodología cualitativa con diseño descriptivo y exploratoria, con un enfoque histórico y con fuentes secundarias consistentes en tratados internacionales, estudios, acuerdos de paz y experiencias comparadas. Análisis en el que se concluye que los conflictos armados son parte de la historia de la humanidad, siendo el siglo XX unos de los más letales, frente a los que se requiere para mitigar sus graves consecuencias, implementar procesos de justicia transicional, la que necesita incorporar como uno de sus formas de intervención, mecanismos de justicia restaurativa, doctrina que mediante procesos de negociación mediada, permita esclarecer la verdad, reparar a las víctimas, preservar la memoria histórica y construir caminos de paz.The objective of this article is to analyze the contribution that can offer to transitional justice processes the guidelines and mechanisms of restorative justice, to negotiate peace in armed conflicts. For which a qualitative methodology was used with a descriptive and exploratory design, with a historical approach and with secondary sources consisting of international trea-ties, studies, peace agreements and comparative experiences. Study in which it is concluded that armed conflicts are part of the history of humanity, being the twentieth century one of the most lethal, compared to those required to mitigate their serious consequences, implement transitional justice processes, which needs to incorporate as one of its forms of intervention, mechanisms of restorative justice, doctrine that through processes of mediated negotiation, allows to clarify the truth, repair the victims, preserve the historical memory and build paths of peace
Psychometric properties of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale in a sample of Chilean public school teachers
No full textThe Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) has demonstrated suitable levels of reliability and validity for its use on the teacher population in several countries, and it is the most used scale to assess teachers' beliefs in their efficacy. However, few psychometric studies exist on its applicability to elementary teachers in public schools. This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the TSES in teachers who work in elementary education. The sample comprised 1,406 Chilean teachers, mainly women (77.2%), from various Chilean public and subsidized schools. The results obtained from three confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the model that best fit the data was bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) for 24 items, one general factor, and three residual factors. The results of the factorial invariance analysis indicate that the TSES remains stable up to the strict level of invariance for the variable sex. These results imply that the TSES can be used on Chilean teachers. The results are discussed based on the theoretical and empirical evidence available
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ANALYSIS DURING THE HUMAN MARCH IN CHILEAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textObjective: To characterize the muscle activity profile in university students from the city of Santiago de Chile.Material and methods: The profile of muscle activity in certain key muscles in the lower limb was measured, using surface electromyography, in male students of the kinesiology career at the Universidad De Las Americas aged 20 to 24 years. The SENIAM standard was used for the positioning of the electrodes, where the signal was analyzed and processed using MATLAB software, with signal filtering using ICA.Results: The results indicate that the muscle activity profile does not differ from the literature, except for the biceps femoris muscle, which presents two muscle activations during the gait cycle, one between 40 to 60% and another at 90% at 10% of the cycle.Discussion and Conclusion: Further studies with a larger number of participants are suggested to extrapolate the data to the total population in our country
Teaching of Educational Content Expressing Mapuche Values to Children in Initial Education in La Araucania Region, Chile
No full textThere is a lack of knowledge about Mapuche educational values among teachers in kindergartens located in indigenous territories. The object of the present work was to identify educational content expressing Mapuche values, to contribute to an epistemic base for the education of boys and girls, both Mapuche and non-Mapuche, with an intercultural perspective. The methodology used was qualitative educational research, with a focus on indigenous research, following the interpretive paradigm, through a collective study of kindergartens attended by Mapuche children in the district of Saavedra. Sixty-seven people participated: children, parents, kimches (Mapuche sages), and Initial Education professionals. The preliminary results are organized into three categories of value content: (a) educational; (b) family and community education; and (c) teaching in Initial Education. It is concluded that the teaching of Mapuche educational values in early childhood should be coordinated between kindergartens, families, and the community; some ideas for teaching these values are suggested