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CLI: A new protocol for the isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria from complex plant samples
No full textLactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are predominantly probiotic microorganisms and the most are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). LAB inhabit in the human gut ecosystem and are largely found in fermented foods and silage. In the last decades, LAB have also has been found in plant microbiota as a new class of microbes with probiotic activity to plants. For this reason, today the scientific interest in the study and isolation of LAB for agronomic application has increased. However, isolation protocols from complex samples such as plant tissues are scarce and inefficient. In this study, we developed a new protocol (CLI, Complex samples LAB Isolation) which yields purified LAB from plants. The sensitivity of CLI protocol was sufficient to isolate representative microorganisms of LAB genera (i.e. Leuconostoc, Lactococcus and Enterococcus). CLI protocol consists on five steps: i) sample preparation and pre-incubation in 1% sterile peptone at 30 degrees C for 24-48 h; ii) Sample homogenization in vortex by 10 min; iii) sample serial dilution in quarter-strength Ringer solution, iv) incubation in MRS agar plates with 0.2% of sorbic acid, with 1% of CaCO3, O-2 < 15%, at pH 5.8 and 37 degrees C for 48 h.; v) Selection of single colonies with LAB morphology and CaCO3-solubilization halo. Our scientific contribution is that CLI protocol could be used for several complex samples and represents a useful method for further studies involving native LAB
Multimorbidity and 11-year mortality in adults: a prospective analysis using the Chilean National Health Survey
No full textResearch on morbidity and mortality often emphasizes individual diseases over the cumulative effects of multimorbidity, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to analyze the association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Chilean population. This longitudinal study used data from 3701 subjects aged >= 15 years who participated in the Chilean National Health Survey conducted between 2009 and 2010. We included 16 self-reported highly prevalent morbidities. All-cause mortality data from an 11-year follow-up were collected from the Chilean Civil Registry. The Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for confounders, determined the association between multimorbidity categories and all-cause mortality. Of the total sample, 24.3% reported no morbidity, while 50.4% two or more. After adjustment, participants with four or more morbidities had a 1.66 times higher mortality risk [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.67] than those without morbidities. The mortality risk increased by 10% for each additional morbidity [HR: 1.09 (CI: 1.04-1.16)]. Multimorbidity was common in the Chilean population and increased the mortality risk, which greatly challenges the health system to provide an integral and coordinated approach to healthcare
Psychometric Evaluation of the School Climate and School Identification Measure-Student on Chilean Students: A Bifactor Model Approach
No full textSchool climate is a relevant construct for understanding social relations at school. The SCASIM-St has been widely defined as a multidimensional construct; however, new factor structures have not been explored through evidence that allows for interpreting school climate scores from an approach that respects the multidimensionality of the scale and, at the same time, allows for identifying the degree of essential unidimensionality in the data. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the SCASIM-St from a bifactor model approach, evaluating the influence of a general school climate factor versus five specific factors. The study involved 1860 students of both sexes (42% males and 58% females), with an average age of 16.63 years (SD = 0.664), from 17 secondary schools in Chile. The results obtained by a confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence that the best model was the bifactor model for the 38 items, with one general factor and five specific factors. The Explained Common Variance (ECV) values and reliability levels by hierarchical omega accounted for a strong general school climate factor with high levels of reliability. Evidence of external criterion validity, assessed through the attitude toward authority scale (AIA-A), showed a theoretically expected and significant relationship between the factors of both instruments. This study confirmed the psychometric robustness of the SCASIM-St scale by means of a bifactor model, allowing for a new, essentially unidimensional interpretation of the scale scores and providing an instrument to measure school climate in Chile
Adaptation of pedagogical practices during the pandemic and their relationship with secondary students' engagement and their psychological needs: a qualitative study
Get PDFEl financiamiento de este estudio proviene del proyecto FONDECYT 1181265, titulado "Trayectorias de compromiso escolar de adolescentes con y sin necesidades educativas especiales".El COVID-19 generó cambios en los ambientes educativos producto del cierre de establecimientos y la instauración de una educación remota de emergencia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo docentes secundarios adecuaron sus prácticas pedagógicas durante la pandemia para favorecer el compromiso escolar, mediante la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los estudiantes. Empleando un diseño fenomenológico, se entrevistó a siete docentes de educación secundaria de dos liceos municipales de Chile a través de la plataforma Zoom. Los hallazgos muestran que los docentes adaptaron sus prácticas para satisfacer las necesidades de vinculación, autonomía y competencia de sus estudiantes, utilizando principalmente las estrategias de oportunidad de respuesta, apoyo emocional y la relevancia del contenido. Los docentes refieren cambios en la interacción, las evaluaciones y el uso de plataformas virtuales, que fueron necesarios para fortalecer el compromiso escolar de estudiantes en contextos de educación remota de emergencia.COVID-19 caused changes in educational environments resulting in the closure of schools and the implementation of emergency remote education. This study analyzed how secondary school teachers adapted their pedagogical practices to favor students’ engagement, by satisfying their basic psychological needs during the pandemic. Employing a phenomenological design, we interviewed seven secondary school teachers from two municipal schools in Chile via the Zoom platform. The findings show that teachers adapted their practices to meet students’ needs, particularly connection, autonomy, and competence, using the following strategies: response opportunity, emotional support, and the relevance of content. Teachers also mentioned changes in interactions, evaluations, and the use of virtual platforms to strengthen student engagement in emergency remote education contexts
Epistemic Tension Between Anglo-Saxon Multiculturalism and Latin American Interculturality : its Projections in Education
Get PDFEl presente manuscrito analiza la discusión epistemológica-política que se desarrolla respecto a multiculturalismo e interculturalidad. Presenta un análisis donde se confrontan artículos científicos, libros y debates académicos desde diferentes campos disciplinarios. El eje de la discusión es el papel que asumen los estados en la configuración de una sociedad más justa que permita igualdad de condiciones para unos y otros. Se concluye que el multiculturalismo anglosajón y la interculturalidad latinoamericana son proyectos en construcción, más que realidades concretas. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica documental tipo ensayo que tuvo como propósito analizar nuevas posibilidades de comprensión y límites que tienen los conceptos en un mundo en que losconflictos multiculturales e interculturales se agudizan cada día más.This manuscript analyzes the epistemological-political discussion that develops around two main concepts multiculturalism and interculturality. This article focuses on different views from various disciplines that are presented through scientific articles,books, and academic presentations. The main theme of this article and its discussion focus on the role of society and how it plays in relation to equality and fairness towards each other. We conclude that White multiculturalism and Latin American interculturality are not a concrete reality and need to be developed further. This is a bibliographic documentary with the purpose to analyze and understand the interwoven conflictive relationship of these concepts, multiculturalism and interculturality, their effect on society, and how they are becoming more powerful as time elapses
Leading oral verbal language stimulation practices through collaborative work between kindergarten education and speech therapy
No full textEducational systems consider the acquisition of verbal language as a strategy for the formation of communication skills of comprehension and expression in children. The stimulation of oral language in early childhood education requires a collaborative work between classroom teachers and speech therapists from the School Integration Program. This work has the objective of systematizing research-action actions based on collaborative work as a shared leadership space between Early Childhood Education and Phonoaudiology professionals, aimed at stimulating oral language in children of the Transition level at the El Trencito municipal school. from the commune of Temuco, region of La Araucania (Chile). The study was based on a qualitative approach under a socio-critical paradigm that involved the use of action research and the systematization of experiences. Hence, and as the main result, changes were achieved in the perception of interdisciplinary collaborative work based on shared leadership and the positive effects of speech therapy intervention in the common classroom, with a focus on stimulating oral language in nursery schools
Study of Ecosystem Degradation Dynamics in the Peruvian Highlands: Landsat Time-Series Trend Analysis (1985-2022) with ARVI for Different Vegetation Cover Types
No full textThe high-Andean vegetation ecosystems of the Bombon Plateau in Peru face increasing degradation due to aggressive anthropogenic land use and the climate change scenario. The lack of historical degradation evolution information makes implementing adaptive monitoring plans in these vulnerable ecosystems difficult. Remote sensor technology emerges as a fundamental resource to fill this gap. The objective of this article was to analyze the degradation of vegetation in the Bombon Plateau over almost four decades (1985-2022), using high spatiotemporal resolution data from the Landsat 5, 7, and 8 sensors. The methodology considers: (i) the use of the atmosphere resistant vegetation index (ARVI), (ii) the implementation of non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend analysis per pixel, and (iii) the affected vegetation covers were determined by supervised classification. This article's results show that approximately 13.4% of the total vegetation cover was degraded. According to vegetation cover types, bulrush was degraded by 21%, tall grass by 18%, cattails by 16%, wetlands by 14%, and puna grass by 13%. The Spearman correlation (p < 0.01) determined that degraded covers are replaced by puna grass and change factors linked with human activities. Finally, this article concludes that part of the vegetation degradation is related to anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, overgrazing, urbanization, and mining. However, the possibility that environmental factors have influenced these events is recognized
Dispositivos de Recrutamento e Seleção em Empresas de Serviços Financeiros: Explorando a Reprodução Organizacional e a Legitimidade no Chile e no Reino Unido
No full textEl artículo trata de cómo los dispositivos ‘sociales’ contribuyen a producir y reproducir el comportamiento organizacional, tomando el caso de los procesos de reclutamiento y selección en organizaciones de servicios financieros en Chile y el Reino Unido. A través de 42 entrevistas en profundidad en Santiago, Londres y Edimburgo se analiza la forma como se adoptan y legitiman los mecanismos de reclutamiento y selección en organizaciones. El análisis indica que los mecanismos de reclutamiento y selección articulan elementos técnicos y morales, permitiendo que los gerentes solucionen la incertidumbre e impulsen la reproducción organizacional. Sin embargo, los dispositivos utilizados en Chile y el Reino Unido difieren en la manera como articulan elementos técnicos y morales.The article deals with the problem of the role of ‘social’ devices at the time of producing and reproducing organizational behavior, taking the case of recruitment and selection processes in financial services organizations in Chile and the UK. Based on 42 in-depth interviews in Santiago, London and Edinburgh, and building on science and technology studies and the concept of device the article aims to understand how recruitment and election mechanisms are adopted and legitimated in organizations. Analysis suggests that recruitment and selection mechanisms connect technical and moral elements, allowing managers to deal with uncertainty and carry out organizational reproduction. However, devices in Chile and the UK differ in the modes that connect technical and moral elements
Review: <i>Salmonella</i> Dublin in dairy cattle
No full textSalmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is a bacterium host-adapted to cattle with increasing prevalence in dairy facilities. It can severely affect cattle health, producing high morbidity and mortality in young calves and reducing the performance of mature animals. Salmonella Dublin is difficult to control and eradicate from herds, as it can be shed from clinically normal animals. In addition, S. Dublin is a zoonotic bacterium that can be lethal for humans and pose a risk for human and animal health due to its multi-drug resistant characteristics. This review provides an overview of S. Dublin as a pathogen in dairy facilities, the risk factors associated with infection, and current strategies for preventing and controlling this disease. Furthermore, current gaps in knowledge are also discussed