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Rethinking Educational Management of Schools in a Mapuche Context
No full textThis study seeks to identify Mapuche educational procedures and knowledge with the goal of contextualizing the educational management of schools in indigenous territories in central -southern Chile. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving 28 local stakeholders through talks, semistructured interviews, and discussion workshops. Fieldwork was conducted over 14 months from 2018 to 2019. The results display dimensions that lead to a rethinking of the school system from a spiritual, territorial, and sociopolitical perspective. This calls into quest ion the monoculturalism of educational management and the asymmetric power relations put in place by a colonial and colonizing education of indigenous people
Emergency floating hut
Get PDFIn the run-up to the observance of the repeating flooding situation in Kerala, it is an urgent need to take adequate measure for this havoc. This project intends a well planned solution for this and named as “Emergency Floating Hut”. Kerala is a place where floods occurs only during the monsoon season. That means, the flood is caused by rain. The hut is going to be constructed almost near the basement portion by separately providing beams or space in a creative way. The main feature of this design model is,there have spaces for keeping adequate food and medicines. The dimensional data for the hut are: diameter 3.5m and depth 1.2m for the prototype design. The materials used are weight less, low density, durable and with enough stability. The roof covering will be transparent fibre glass.En el período previo a la observancia de la situación de inundaciones repetidas en Kerala, es una necesidad urgente tomar las medidas adecuadas para este caos. Este proyecto tiene la intención de una solución bien planificada para esto y se denomina "Choza flotante de emergencia". Kerala es un lugar donde las inundaciones ocurren solo durante la temporada de monzones. Eso significa que la inundación es causada por la lluvia. La cabaña se construirá casi cerca de la parte del sótano proporcionando vigas o espacio por separado de una manera creativa. La característica principal de este modelo de diseño es que tiene espacios para guardar alimentos y medicamentos adecuados. Los datos dimensionales de la cabaña son: 3,5 m de diámetro y 1,2 m de profundidad para el diseño del prototipo. Los materiales utilizados son menos pesados, de baja densidad, duraderos y con suficiente estabilidad.La cubierta del techo será de fibra de vidrio transparente
Experiences of Underground Mine Backfilling Using Mine Tailings Developed in the Andean Region of Peru: A Green Mining Solution to Reduce Socio-Environmental Impacts
No full textIn Peru, socio-environmental conflicts related to the development of mining-metallurgical processes and the responsible disposal of mine tailings have become central issues for accepting mining projects, especially regarding building relationships of trust with the communities. This condition has prompted the Peruvian mining industry to advance in managing alternatives to the conventional surface disposal of mine tailings. A promising and increasingly popular management strategy for mine tailings in Peru is their disposal inside underground mines. This article presents: site-specific conditions, advantages/disadvantages, and lessons learned from practical experiences of mine tailings disposal in underground mines in Peru. In addition, some techniques are highlighted, such as (i) hydraulic fill, (ii) cemented hydraulic fill, and (iii) cemented paste backfill. Finally, this article concludes that the responsible disposal of mine tailings in underground mines is a green mining solution that reduces negative socio-environmental impacts, limiting the generation of acid rock drainage (ARD) and the leaching of metals due to the decrease in contact with oxygen and rainfall, thus mitigating the contamination of surface and underground waters, reducing the footprint of affectation in the territory, and eliminating the emission of particulate matter in the environment
Strength analysis of soil blocks admixed with sugarcane bagasse ash
Get PDFThis paper is mainly focusing on the stabilization of soil using sugarcane baggaseash (SBA) as a soil stabilizer. The locally available soil samples were collected and their properties were determined. Based on the laboratory test results the soil was classified as fine-grained soil. Soil stabilized blocks of dimensions 15cm x 15cm x 15cm were prepared with the following soil, cement and SBA combinations 100% soil, 80% soil + 20% cement, 80% soil +10% cement +10% SBA, 80% soil + 8% cement+ 12% SBA and 80% soil + 6% cement +14% SBA. Plain OPC cement of 43 grade and SBA from sugar factoryGoa was used for the soil blocks. The blocks were moist cured for a period of 28 days. The soil stabilized blocks were then tested for their compressive strength under the universal testing machine according to BIS specifications. The effects of the SBA on the strength of the soil blocks were studied and it could be concluded that SBA can be used as a partial replacement ofcement.Este artículo se centra principalmente en la estabilización del suelo utilizando ceniza de bolsa de caña de azúcar (SBA) como estabilizador del suelo. Se recolectaron las muestras de suelo disponibles localmente y se determinaron sus propiedades. Según los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio, el suelo se clasificó como suelo de grano fino. Se prepararon bloques de suelo estabilizado de dimensiones 15cmx 15cm x 15cm con las siguientes combinaciones de suelo, cemento y SBA 100% suelo, 80% suelo + 20% cemento, 80% suelo + 10% cemento + 10% SBA, 80% suelo + 8 % cemento + 12% SBA y 80% suelo + 6% cemento + 14% SBA. Para los bloques de suelo se utilizó cemento OPC simple de grado 43 y SBA de la fábrica de azúcar de Goa. Los bloques se curaron en húmedo durante un período de 28 días. Luego, los bloques estabilizados con suelo se probaron para determinar su resistencia a la compresión bajo la máquina de prueba universal de acuerdo con las especificaciones de BIS. Se estudiaron los efectos del SBA sobre la resistencia de los bloques de suelo y se pudo concluir que el SBA puede utilizarse como reemplazo parcial del cemento
Agribusiness moving through the Capitalocene: slow violence and renewed strategies of capitalist agriculture in Chile
No full textChilean fruit exports grew 252% between 1975 and 2016. This paper aims to analyze agribusiness's readjustment strategies to face the socio-ecological impacts of the Capitalocene. For this purpose, our guiding questions are: How is agribusiness reading the current socio-ecological crisis, and what strategies are its main actors proposing?The main strategies in progress are technical innovations in productive systems, the increasing scale of infrastructure, displacement toward the south of the country, and renewed narratives. This contributes to legitimizing the current agricultural model without questioning its principles, while becoming more profitable and adaptable to the Capitalocene era
Bernales, M. & Fernández, M. (eds.) (2020). No Podemos Callar. Catolicismo, espacio público y oposición política, Chile 1975 – 1981. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile. 407 pp.
No full textReseña - Bernales, M. & Fernández, M. (eds.) (2020). No Podemos Callar. Catolicismo, espacio público y oposición política, Chile 1975 – 1981. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile. 407 pp
Effects of dual task training on the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia: a scoping review
No full textBackground and objective: Sarcopenia is a disease defined as the presence of low muscle mass, strength and/or physical performance, which generates a negative impact on the health of the elderly, so its prevention and treatment is important. New exercise programs with dual motor and cognitive tasks have been proposed for work with older adults, but their effects on clinical manifestations of sarcopenia have been little explored.Aim: The objective of this review was to analyze the characteristics of dual-task exercise programs and their main effects on the clinical manifestations of Sarcopenia in older adults.Materials and Methods: A scoping review was carried out following PRISMA-ScR, searching 5 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, LILACS and PEDro). Using terms in Spanish, English and Portuguese, until September 2022. The quality of the evidence was analyzed with the PEDro scale.Results: From a total of 2570 unique records, 12 randomized clinical trials (58.3% of studies with moderate to high methodological quality) were selected. Increases in gait speed, stride length, physical performance, and muscle strength were the main effects of the interventions. The motor strategies included were functional activities such as walking, sitting in and getting up from a chair, which were combined with cognitive attention and language strategies, in sessions of 30 to 60 minutes, 2 to 3 times a week for a maximum of 26 weeks.Conclusion: Exercise programs with dual motor and cognitive tasks generate positive effects on gait speed, physical performance, and muscle strength, which are important variables for the diagnosis of Sarcopenia. However, more studies of better methodological quality are needed to evaluate the effects of this type of exercise on muscle mass in older adults
Intra‐amoebic localization of Arcobacter butzleri as an endocytobiont of Acanthamoeba castellanii
No full textAcanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba found mainly in humid environments and Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, both can establish in vitro endosymbiotic relationships in the absence of bacterial replication. We analyzed the localization of A. butzleri within A. castellanii establishing their association with endoplasmic reticulum vesicles and mitochondria. Through confocal microscopy, we observed that during the early stages of endosymbiosis, there is not colocalization between amoebic vacuoles containing A. butzleri and mitochondria or ER vesicles of A. castellanii. Considering that energy production of this bacterium occurs via metabolism of amino acids or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, these results contribute to explain the absence of bacterial replication, since A. butzleri would not have access to the nutrients found in endoplasmic reticulum vesicles and mitochondria. In addition, we observe that A. butzleri induces significantly the actin polymerization of A. castellanii during the early stages of endosymbiosis
Psychometric Validation of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale in a Professional Teaching Context
No full textFor the teaching profession, prosociality is a relevant skill. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in a professional setting of primary school Chilean teachers (n = 1404; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8; 77.4% women). ESEM and CFA were applied to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, factorial reliability, and invariance. The results supported a bifactor ESEM model in which prosociality was represented by a general latent factor and four specific factors (helping, sharing, caring, and empathy). A predominance of the unidimensional component of the APBS was observed (general factor, ECV = 0.938; & omega;h = 0.945), with adequate reliability (& alpha; = 0.932; & omega; of the factor general = 0.968) and invariance of the measurement in terms of gender. Its adequacy was confirmed by a good level of fit (RMSEA = 0.042 90%CI [0.036-0.049]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.988). It is concluded that the APBS is a suitable instrument to measure prosociality in the professional setting studied. Its general and specific dimensions are relevant to the prosocial behaviors currently required of teachers. Future studies could contribute evidence of the transcultural validation of the APBS in other educational contexts in order to undertake comparative studies
Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) en adolescentes chilenos: estructura factorial, fiabilidad, validez e invarianza por sexo.
Get PDFEl sexismo ambivalente es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por creencias y actitudes hostiles y benévolas que se legitiman entre sí para justificar el poder masculino estructural. Los estudios sobre sexismo en adolescentes cobran relevancia al ser una etapa evolutiva fundamental para asentar creencias acerca de las relaciones de género. Sin embargo, los instrumentos para medir representaciones sexistas en este grupo son escasos. Este estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) en adolescentes chilenos, concretamente se analizó la estructura factorial y su fiabilidad, validez e invarianza factorial por sexo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 546 estudiantes entre 15 y 18 años (M=15.52; DT=.66), de los cuales el 58.8% fueron mujeres. Los métodos que se utilizaron fueron Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. El resultado del análisis exploratorio sugirió retener los 20 ítems de la escala original agrupados en dos factores. Los resultados del análisis confirmatorio corroboraron la estructura original de la escala y precisaron un modelo de dos factores correlacionados, Sexismo Hostil y Sexismo Benévolo (χ2(166) = 302.34; CFI = .99; TLI = .98, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .07), que considera al Sexismo Benévolo como un factor de segundo orden con tres subcomponentes (Paternalismo Protector, Intimidad Heterosexual y Diferenciación de Género). El modelo seleccionado coincidió con la pro- puesta teórica y explicó el 56% de la varianza. El análisis de fiabilidad indicó un alfa ordinal total de 0.93 y el análisis correlacional demostró evidencia de validez discriminante. El análisis de invarianza factorial evidenció que el grado de equivalencia del instrumento por sexo es plausible a un nivel estricto. Se concluyó que el ISA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para su uso en adolescentes de Chile.Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) in Chilean adolescents: Factor structure, reliability, validity and sex invariance. Ambivalent sexism is a multidimensional construct conformed by hostile and benevolent beliefs and attitudes that tend to legitimize each other justifying male structural power.
Sexism studies in adolescent population become relevant as it is a fundamental evolutive stage for settle gender relations beliefs. However, the tools that measures sexist representations in adolescents are scarce. The main goal was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) in Chilean adolescents, and analyze invariance by sex. Sample was composed of 546 students between 15–18 years (M=15.52; SD=.66), of which 58.8% were women. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were the method of the study. The results of the exploratory factor analyses suggested to hold back the 20 items from the original structure grouped in two factors. Confirmatory factor analyses results showed suitability of the two factors theoretical proposal, hostile sexism and benevolent sexism (χ2 (166) = 302.34; CFI = .99; TLI= .98; RMSEA = .05; SRMR = .07), which includes benevolent sexism as a second-order factor conformed by three subcomponents protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy). The factorial structure of the selected model explained 56% of the total variance. The reliability of the ASI reached a satisfactory levels of ordinal alpha (αordinal = .93) for the complete instrument and the correlation analyses provide evidences of discriminant validity. The Invariance factorial analyses showed that the equivalence level of the ASI is plausible in the strict level. It is concluded that the ASI presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in Chilean adolescent population