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Effects of therapeutic alliance on clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis undergoing an exercise program. A randomized clinical trial protocol.
No full textAntecedentes: la evidencia previa ha demostrado que los fisioterapeutas de la tercera edad que aplican electroterapia y una alianza terapéutica mejorada en sus sesiones pueden influir positivamente en los niveles de analgesia de los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. Actualmente se desconoce si estos efectos se pueden lograr en personas con osteoartritis de rodilla sintomática cuando reciben un tratamiento centrado en el ejercicio terapéutico.
Objetivo: determinar los efectos de diferentes niveles de alianza terapéutica durante la aplicación de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico sobre la intensidad del dolor y el umbral del dolor por presión en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla sintomática.
Método: Este será un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, paralelo, de dos brazos. Se aplicará una intervención de tres sesiones de ejercicio terapéutico durante una semana. Participarán pacientes de 45 a 65 años con diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de artrosis de rodilla. Además, se incluirán pacientes con una intensidad de dolor de al menos tres meses de duración y de 3 a 8 puntos en una escala de calificación numérica. Los pacientes serán asignados al azar a un grupo experimental de ejercicio terapéutico con una alianza terapéutica mejorada (por ejemplo, escucha activa, conversación personalizada, empatía) o alianza terapéutica limitada (por ejemplo, verbalización unidireccional, interacción breve). Se capacitará a los fisioterapeutas para brindar estos dos niveles de la alianza terapéutica.
Discusión: Los resultados de esta investigación determinarán el impacto de la alianza terapéutica como factor relevante inespecífico durante la aplicación de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico en el tratamiento de pacientes con artrosis de rodilla sintomática
Spectroscopy Techniques for Monitoring the Composting Process: A Review
No full textComposting is described as a sustainable alternative to organic waste reuse from the agricultural and household sectors. The organic matter degradation and stabilization product presents great variability due to the waste composition used. Thus, the use of techniques that allow the monitoring of the decomposition process is necessary to determine the quality of the final product. Therefore, this review critically analyzes and updates the chemical spectroscopy methods described for the evaluation of the organic matter transformation in the composting process to optimize and generate amendments for agricultural use. This review examines spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR), fluorescence, and 13C NMR reported for the evolution and maturation of carbonate structures in composting. In addition, they are used in the study of indicators for monitoring the degradation of complex structures, such as sugars and proteins, for the formation of precursors that are responsible for the formation of highly stabilized substances such as humic and fulvic compounds. Finally, these parameters may be used to elucidate organic matter degradation and its stabilization process, establish patterns that characterize each stage of composting along with its physicochemical characteristics, and monitor potential phytotoxicity levels
Intercultural competences achieved by health sciences students during the clinical practice
No full textBackground: During their clinical practice, health Sciences students get acquainted with the cultural diversity of patients and learn to deal with this reality in a model of social learning. Aim: To determine the level of Intercultural Competence in Health Sciences students based on the Confrontation, Resistance, and Cultural Openness (CRAC) model, specific for health professionals. Material and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 106 Health Sciences students from three universities in Chile. Content analysis was supported by the software ATLAS.ti version 9. Results: The students progressed through the CRAC model and were able to configure a new level called Cultural Understanding, in which the participants innovated care models and offered new therapeutic schemes with cultural relevance. In addition, a fifth level called Cultural Inclusion was proposed. However, a training process with a marked theoretical/scientific emphasis can overshadow the learning process resulting from reflexive practical experience, reducing its real value such as traditional/ancestral medicine. Conclusions: The students were able to update the Confrontation, Resistance, Openness, Understanding and Intercultural Inclusion Model. The features of those participants who achieve the highest levels of intercultural competences should be explored and used for the training process
Emerging Far-Right in Colombia
No full textIn this article, I propose to address the national configuration of the political right in Colombia based on the well-known analytical distinction elaborated by Raymond Williams of emergent, dominant, and residual. Therefore, it is not just about the new rights, but emergent rights that allow us to think about their articulations, distinctions, and tensions within a political field of forces that unfolds in specific national formations contexts. The first part of the article addresses some of the characteristics and contrasts that currently define the residual, dominant, and emergent rights in Colombia. To do so, it is considered pertinent to think from the historical and contextual specificity of the field of trends and forces that constitute what is proposed in terms of the national configuration of the political right. The analysis of the discourses and political subjectivities of the emergent rights is carried out in the second and third parts of the text. Here, interventions from two visible congressmen are used as sources, as well as documents and materials circulating on social networks produced from different trends of the emergent rights. This is expected to delve into specific contents and disputes that are tied to these discourses and that enable the political subjectivities of the emergent rights in Colombia
The addition of blood flow restriction to resistance exercise in individuals with knee pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract
Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) is an effective clinical intervention used to increase
strength in healthy individuals. However, its effects on pain and function in individuals with
knee pain are unknown.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of adding BFR to resistance exercise for pain relief
and improvement of function in patients with knee pain.
Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Medline, Central,
Embase, PEDro, Lilacs, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched
from inception to May 2019. Randomized clinical trials that compared resistance exercise with
or without BFR to treat knee pain and function in individuals older than 18 years of age with
knee pain were included.
Results: Eight randomized clinical trials met the eligibility criteria and for the quantitative
synthesis, five studies were included. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate
showed that resistance exercises with BFR was not more effective than resistance exercises for
reducing pain (SMD: −0.37 cm, 95% CI = −0.93, 0.19) and improving knee function (SMD = −0.23
points, 95% CI = −0.71, 0.26) in patients with knee pain.
Conclusion: In the short term, there is low quality of evidence that resistance exercise with BFR
does not provide significant differences in pain relief and knee function compared to resistance
exercises in patients with knee pain
Exposiciones corporales de mujeres rurales : resistencias en el Valle central del Aconcagua, Chile
Get PDFEste artículo explora a partir de la corporalidad de las mujeres rurales los conflictos provenientes de la heteronormatividad y las tensiones territoriales que configuran sensaciones, percepciones y marcas desde el cuerpo. El acer-camiento metodológico forma parte del trabajo etnográfico de la investigación doctoral con agrupaciones de mujeres rurales en la zona de Olmué y el Yuyo. Al mismo tiempo, instituciones y organizaciones sociales en el Valle del Aconcagua, las técnicas de recolección utilizadas han sido historias de vida, observación participante y entrevistas a profundidad. Los hallazgos parciales permiten establecer la importancia del cuerpo como lugar desde el cual se registra la experiencia de las mujeres, siendo las opresiones más significativas la: vinculación a recursos, heteronormatividad, utilización de recursos y habitabilidad de lo rural.This article explores the conflicts arising from heteronormativity through the corporeality of rural women and territorial tensions that shape, through perceptions, marks and sensations, their bodies. The methodological approach is part of the ethnographic doctoral research work with groups of rural women in Olmué and El Yuyo, and also with institutions, and social organizations in the Aconcagua Valley. The techniques used were life histories, participant observation and in-depth interviews. The partial findings allow us to establish the importance of the body as a place from which the experience of women is recorded. The major oppressions on women's bodies are closely related to: linkage to resources, heteronormativity, use of resources and rural habitability
Perception of self-sufficiency towards inclusion in future Physical Education teaching: a study in the Chilean context
No full textThe inclusion of students with disabilities in the teaching-learning process (T-L) needs to consider everyone in the formative processes of different disciplines. In this task, teachers must possess the necessary competencies to fulfill this mission, which they acquire and experience in their Initial Teacher Training. The objective of the study is to understand the self-efficacy perception of university students in Physical Education who are in their last year of the degree program to lead pedagogical actions of an inclusive nature in the classes of that subject. Under a quantitative approach, a questionnaire 'Perception of self-efficacy towards inclusion in future Physical Education teachers' was used to assess the perception of self-sufficiency towards inclusion in future male and female Physical Education teachers. The results reflect that the level of confidence of future teachers is between moderate and high, with no significant differences between the dimensions of the questionnaire (intellectual, motor, auditory, and visual). This implies that the majority of Physical Education students consider themselves competent in this area, although this contrasts with previous studies that indicate the training deficit that exists around inclusive education in universities that prepare Physical Education teachers in Chile
Relevant competencies in a Physical Education teacher in Chile: An analysis beyond the standards of the teaching profession
No full textThis study addresses the need for knowledge about significant performances for graduates of Physical Education Pedagogy in the Southern Macrozone of Chile, extending beyond the national teaching profession standards within the context of a curricular renewal process. The objective is to identify performance qualities in Physical Education Pedagogy professionals that are not acknowledged in the standards but are pertinent in the examined context. The research is conducted within a qualitative paradigm, emphasizing a descriptive interpretive approach. Participants include both practicing teachers and teacher trainees in Physical Education Pedagogy, and the study involves the examination of official documents. Atlas.ti 9 is employed for thematic analysis of the data. The study identifies specific performances in the following areas: knowledge related to general culture, neurobiological and biophysiological understanding; skills associated with sports training and technical development, entrepreneurship, physical activity and health prescription, educational leadership, and education in rural contexts; and attitudes linked to autonomy and environmentalism. The findings have direct implications for the revision of the Physical Education Pedagogy curriculum at the Catholic University of Temuco and provide valuable insights for researchers and technical policymakers in the field of curriculum development for Physical Education Pedagogy
Flow cytometry: a tool for understanding the behaviour of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulators
No full textThe use of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is seen as an attractive strategy for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. In order to optimize the MMC-PHA production process, tools are required to improve our understanding of the physiological state of the PHA-storing microorganisms within the MMC. In the present study, we explored the use of flow cytometry to analyse the metabolic state and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of the microorganisms from an MMC-PHA production process. A sequencing batch reactor under a feast and famine regime was used to enrich an MMC with PHB-storing microorganisms. Interestingly, once the PHB-storing microorganisms are selected, the level of PHB accumulation depends largely on the metabolic state of these microorganisms and not exclusively on the consortium composition. These results demonstrate that flow cytometry is a powerful tool to help to understand the PHA storage response of an MMC-PHA production process
Spatial distribution of lower intertidal decapods on the northern Patagonian coast (Pelluhuín beach, Puerto Montt, 41°29 ' S, Chile)
No full textThe decapod fauna of Chile's intertidal shores in inner seas south of 40 degrees S has relatively low diversity because of the presence of low -salinity waters due to river inputs and glacial smelts; nevertheless it is possible that the same decapods species are found as on the northern and central Chilean coast. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of lower intertidal decapods on Pelluhu & iacute;n beach, a small beach south of Puerto Montt, northern Patagonia. Data were obtained by counting individuals from random quadrants in intertidal zones; to the obtained data the variance/mean ratio was applied to determine if the specimens have a random, aggregate or uniform distribution, which are associated with Poisson, negative binomial or positive binomial distributions respectively. Among four of the species observed, a uniform distribution (positive binomial) was reported, and one had an aggregated pattern (negative binomial). The sites correspond to rocky shores in semi -urban zones, and in a protected zone. Our results on the interpretative probabilistic models of aggregated distribution patterns agree with previously reported observations of decapods on the rocky shores of Northern and Central Chile, specifically in interpretative probabilistic models