University of Cádiz
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Differential expression pattern of hox genes between larval development and metamorphosis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)
No full textThe Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) is a highly valued marine flatfish species in the fishery market. Its aquaculture faces several farming bottlenecks, such as skeletal malformations, which increase production costs. Hox genes are a family of homeotic genes encoding transcription factors that control development in metazoans, primarily the organization of the anteroposterior axis. While some studies have focused on the expression pattern of specific hox genes during embryonic development, this work represents the first holistic expression analysis of all hox genes during larval and metamorphic development. This study will allow, in a first place, having a general knowledge about the behavior of hox genes during these life stages of the Senegalese sole and, secondly, to gain new possible candidate genes involved in the skeletal malformations observed in this fish species during metamorphosis. A RNA-seq approach was employed, and expression data for all hox genes were extracted from samples collected on eight different days after hatching, covering the main phases and stages of larval and metamorphic development. Up to five distinct expression profiles were detected, revealing a marked difference between larval and metamorphic stages. Central hox genes are preferentially expressed in the early larval phases, while posterior hox genes are expressed during metamorphosis. This trend could play a key role in the development of the central-anterior pharyngeal arches and pectoral and caudal fins. These results provide a valuable starting point for further studies to address the high incidence of skeletal abnormalities observed in both larval and metamorphic stages
PyBodyTrack: A python library for multi-algorithm motion quantification and tracking in videos
No full textHuman movement analysis, driven by computer vision and pose tracking technologies, is gaining acceptance
in healthcare, rehabilitation, sports, and daily activity monitoring. While most approaches focus on qualitative
analysis (e.g., pattern recognition), objective motion quantification can provide valuable insights for diagnosis,
progress tracking, and performance assessment. This paper introduces PyBodyTrack, a Python library for motion
quantification using mathematical methods in real-time and pre-recorded videos. It simplifies video management
and integrates with position estimators like MediaPipe, YOLO, and OpenPose. PyBodyTrack enables seamless
motion quantification through standardized metrics, facilitating its integration into various applications
Validation of the Adapted eHEALS Questionnaire for Assessing Digital Health Literacy in Social Media: A Pilot Study
No full textBackground: Digital health literacy is crucial for navigating social media as a primary health information source. However, its interactive and unregulated nature fosters misinformation, requiring critical evaluation skills. Existing tools assess general internet use, but no validated instrument measures competencies specific to social media. This study aimed to adapt and validate the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) for this context. Methods: A content validation process was conducted with 33 experts, who evaluated the clarity, coherence, and relevance of the adapted questionnaire using item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI) content validity indices. A pilot study was then carried out with 250 participants to assess the instrument's reliability and feasibility, measured through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. Results: The adapted eHEALS demonstrated excellent content validity (S-CVI > 0.90) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92; McDonald's Ω = 0.92). The tool effectively captures key competencies for evaluating and applying health information in social media contexts, with exploratory factor analysis confirming a unidimensional structure that explained over 60% of the variance, supporting its robustness for use in population-based studies. Conclusions: This validated instrument provides a reliable method for assessing digital health literacy in social media, supporting the development of educational interventions to enhance critical appraisal skills and mitigate the impact of misinformation
Overcoming barriers: a grounded theory of the experience of professionals working with justice-involved adolescents who use substances
No full textAdolescents involved in the juvenile justice system are particularly vulnerable to the effects of
psychoactive substance use. Various studies have explored interventions from the perspective
of professionals who seek strategies to meet their specific needs. This study aims to
develop a substantive theory based on the experiences of professionals working in outpatient
treatment centres, using a convenience sample of 20 interdisciplinary professionals. Semistructured
interviews were conducted and analysed according to Grounded Theory, identifying
a basic social psychological process termed ‘overcoming barriers’, which includes four
categories: reflectivity, identifying emotions, influence, and redefining results. Additionally, a
basic social structural process was identified, consisting of six categories: succession, normalization,
diversification, interrelation, openness, and adaptation. Three stages were
established to describe the sequence in which these processes progress. The discussion
focuses on analysing substance use from an ecological perspective, considering the diversity
of profiles of justice-involved adolescents and best practices in professional decision-making
Relacion entre la persistencia de la prescripcion topica antiglaucomatosa y el nivel socioeconomico del paciente en Jerez de la Frontera
No full textINTRODUCCIÓN El glaucoma es una de las principales patologías oculares causantes de ceguera en la sociedad. Su control se basa sobre todo en mantener una presión intraocular dentro de valores normales. El tratamiento más extendido, utilizado como primer escalón terapéutico, es la instilación de hipotensores oculares en forma de colirio. La persistencia a la medicación tópica por parte del paciente juega un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la patología OBJETIVOS Estudiar la relación entre nivel socioeconómico del paciente y persistencia a la medicación tópica antiglaucomatosa. Se estudiaron adicionalmente otras variables secundarias.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo observacional de cohorte con una muestra de 1563 pacientes. Se tomó como variable dependiente principal la persistencia (medication possesion ratio) y como variable independiente el nivel socioeconómico (índice de privación). Se utilizaron variables independientes adicionales para el análisis multivariante: índice tarjeta sanitaria individual, sexo, edad, grupo farmacológico, número de colirios, conservantes, diagnóstico y medicaciones concurrentes. El análisis estadístico bivariante se obtuvo mediante pruebas de análisis no paramétricas. Para el análisis multivariante se realizó una regresión logística. El nivel de significación estadística se fijó en p<0.05.
RESULTADOS Mediante correlación de Spearman, se obtuvieron datos de mayor persistencia en los grupos de mayor nivel socioeconómico (índice de privación 1 y 2 con valores de medication possesion ratio de 79,97 y 75,30 respectivamente) en contraposición a los grupos de menor nivel socioeconómico (índice de privación 4 y 5 con valores de medication possesion ratio de 73,75 y 69,85 respectivamente). La regresión logística corroboró esta diferencia alcanzando un valor significativo (no persistencia en grupo índice de privación 5 versus 1) obteniendo un OR=1.62; IC95: 1,13-2,31. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo menor persistencia en sexo masculino, menores de 60 años, tratamiento con alfa agonistas y pacientes con hipertensión ocular.
CONCLUSIONES El bajo nivel socioeconómico del paciente se relacionó significativamente con la disminución de la persistencia a la terapia tópica antiglaucomatosa
Cuentos en árabe de Orán (Argelia): presentación y estudio lingüístico
No full textPresentamos en este artículo seis cuentos en árabe de Orán que grabó una informante de unos 78 años, el 14 de mayo de 2024, natural de esta ciudad. Se trata de los tipos ATU 51, ATU 159B, ATU 883B-ATU 123, ATU 925, ATU 1351B y ATU 1804B. En una segunda parte, exponemos los rasgos lingüísticos más relevantes. Por último, hemos incluido un apéndice con los seis cuentos, tanto en la lengua originaria, en transcripción fonética internacional como su traducción al español
La publicidad de la sociedad digital: Desafíos y convergencias entre Psicomarketing e Inteligencia Artificial
No full textEl uso del psicomarketing y la Inteligencia Artificial en la publicidad digital, está suponiendo un punto de inflexión en la sociedad. A través de una metodología mixta basada en la revisión documental y el análisis de casos publicitarios reales, se han estudiado las estrategias de marcas internacionales. Los resultados evidencian que el psicomarketing permite conexiones emocionales profundas, la IA optimiza la eficiencia y precisión y su combinación crea un modelo más eficaz en términos de engagement. Esta combinación podría crear un futuro publicitario donde la tecnología se humaniza y la emoción se sistematiza
Measuring Bayesian sensitivity in the compound Poisson process
No full textBayesian methods are widely used to determine insurance premiums, though they are sometimes criticized for the arbitrariness in selecting prior distributions. To mitigate this issue, classes of priors incorporating expert knowledge have been proposed, allowing for the analysis of uncertainty through upper and lower bounds on Bayesian premiums. In this paper, we employ a recently introduced class of priors based on stochastic orders, where the induced order on prior distributions is preserved in the corresponding posterior distributions. Uncertainty around a prior is captured through weighted functions, and the extremal elements of the class define premium bounds. We also show how dependence among parameters can be integrated using suitable weight functions. Our approach is developed within the framework of the compound Poisson process, a fundamental model for claim frequency and severity in car insurance. Additionally, we present a sensitivity analysis method for a bonus–malus system (BMS)
Historia de la Psicología Básica: una introducción para estudiantes universitarios
No full textLa Psicología Básica es una de las disciplinas que constituye el núcleo fundacional del conocimiento psicológico. Lejos de enfocarse en aplicaciones prácticas o contextuales inmediatas, esta rama busca comprender los mecanismos fundamentales que explican la percepción, la atención, el pensamiento, el lenguaje, la memoria, el aprendizaje y las emociones, entre otros procesos mentales. Su desarrollo ha estado estrechamente vinculado al progreso del método científico, y su historia revela una fuerte interacción del desarrollo de la misma con las ideas filosóficas, avances tecnológicos, paradigmas científicos y transformaciones sociales
Exploring the Diversity of Endophytic Microorganisms: From Microbial Ecology to Agronomic Applications
No full textBuilding on the thematic framework outlined above, the studies collected in this Special Issue can be grouped into three interconnected domains: genome mining of cryptic pathways, community assembly under biotic and abiotic drivers, and targeted microbiome engineering for plant health and sustainability