University of Cádiz
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LIPSS: A promising strategy for the generation of effective bacteria-repellent surfaces
No full textBacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation is a significant problem in the food industry and healthcare environments due to the large number of diseases they cause. To address this issue, research is focused on the development of antibacterial surfaces. This article details the generation of a type of nanostructure called Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on ferritic stainless steel as potential solution. LIPSS, generated with a 343 nm laser wavelength and with a 260 nm spatial period, have been shown to significantly reduce bacterial adherence: up to 43 % for Staphylococcus aureus and 70 % for Salmonella spp. The topography of the nanostructured surface with LIPSS hinders bacterial adhesion by reducing the contact area between bacteria and surface. Furthermore, the physical properties of LIPSS, such as surface potential and dielectric constants, determined via Atomic Force Microscopy and ellipsometry, show that bacteria are more attracted to the ridges than to the valleys of the LIPSS, favoring the adhesion on these regions. X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry measurements confirm these findings. In conclusion, LIPSS effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion by altering surface topography and physical properties. These results highlight the potential of LIPSS as a strategy for designing antibacterial surfaces to mitigate biofilm formation in various applications
Contribution of the soil-structure interaction to the seismic behaviour of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba
No full textThis paper deals with the contribution of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects to the seismic analysis of cultural heritage buildings. This issue is addressed by considering, as a case study, the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba (Spain). This study is focussed on the Abd al-Rahman I sector, which is the most ancient part, that dates from the 8th century. The building is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and it is located in a moderate seismic hazard zone. It is built on soft alluvial strata, which amplifies the SSI. Since invasive tests are not allowed in heritage buildings, in this work a non-destructive test campaign has been performed for the characterisation of the structure and the soil. Ambient vibration tests have been used to calibrate a refined 3D macro-mechanical-based f inite element model. The soil parameters have been obtained through an in situ geotechnical campaign, that has included geophysical tests. The SSI has been accounted for by following the direct method. Nonlinear static and dynamic time-history analyses have been carried out to assess the seismic behaviour. The results showed that the performance of the building, if the SSI is accounted for, is reduced by up to 20 % and 13 % in the direction of the arcades and in the perpendicular direction, respectively. Also, if the SSI is taken into account, the damage increased. This study showed that considering the SSI is important to properly assess the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings on soft strata. Finally, it should be highlighted that special attention should be paid to the SSI, which is normally omitted in this type of studies, to obtain a reliable dynamic identification of the built heritage
Imaginación política para el Sáhara
No full textEl texto analiza la Resolución 2797 (2025) del Consejo de Seguridad, que impulsa la propuesta marroquí de autonomía para el Sáhara Occidental sin resolver jurídicamente el estatuto del territorio. Plantea que España debe asumir un papel activo y propone una solución basada en una “justicia transaccional imaginativa”, combinando libre determinación saharaui, acuerdos territoriales y garantías democráticas. Sugiere incluso opciones como dividir el territorio, permitir al pueblo saharaui incorporarse a España como comunidad autónoma y redefinir las relaciones estratégicas y marítimas con Marruecos.The text analyzes Security Council Resolution 2797 (2025), which promotes Morocco's proposal for autonomy for Western Sahara without legally resolving the status of the territory. It argues that Spain should take an active role and proposes a solution based on “imaginative transitional justice,” combining Sahrawi self-determination, territorial agreements, and democratic guarantees. It even suggests options such as dividing the territory, allowing the Sahrawi people to join Spain as an autonomous community, and redefining strategic and maritime relations with Morocco
Interdisciplinary expert agreement on group and definitions for compensatory protective step strategies to prevent falls: A e-Delphi method study
No full textBackground: Older adults have a high probability of experiencing falls during activities of daily living, which can lead to fear of falling, alterations in gait patterns, decreased mobility, reduced social interactions, and limited ability to perform various tasks. Previous studies examining gait in the presence of perturbations have identified and analyzed several protective gait strategies aimed at preventing falls. However, there is a lack of standardized terminology and definitions for these strategies, hindering comparison and collaborative progress among researchers and professionals.
Objective: To unify definitions of compensatory protective step strategies and establish a standardized
terminology.
Methods: This study adapted the Conducting and Reporting of Delphi Studies (CREDES) guidelines and followed a chronological sequence: 1) Preliminary phase: A literature review and both quantitative (three dimensions: relevance, wording, and identification, assessed using a Likert-type scale (1 to 5) and qualitative (an open-ended question) assessment were conducted; 2) Exploratory phase: Expert panel selection (n = 14) and the e-Delphi study were conducted; and 3) Final phase: Expert opinions were collected and analyzed. Content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V coefficient.
Results: The results demonstrated high levels of validity (V ≥ 0.68) for all definitions, with none being eliminated based on Aiken’s V critical value.
Conclusion: A precise definition was developed for each of the 14 compensatory protective step strategies (13 identified in the scoping review and one added by the expert panel). In total, the number of definitions was reduced from 61 to 14, with one definition for each of the compensatory protective step strategies identified.In the framework of the Spanish National R + D + i Plan, the current
study was co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation
(reference PID2019–107191RB I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).
The author M.M.-A. was supported by an internship contract (Resolution
no 586/2022) from the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation
(reference PID2019-107191RB I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and
M.M-A. was supported by a grant from the “Sistema Extreme˜no de
Ciencias, Tecnología e Innovaci´on” by Junta de Extremadura and cofinanced
by FSE+ of Extremadura (PD23108). This study was also funded
by the Research Grant for Groups (GR21176) funded by the Junta de
Extremadura (Regional Government of Extremadura) and the European
Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) “a way of doing Europe”.
This study was supported by the Biomedical Research Networking
Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) and FEDER funds from
the European Union (CB16/10/00477). The funders played no role in
the study design, the data collection, and analysis, the decision to
publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.Número páginas: 101227-1 a 101227-
Fair Logistic Regression via Penalized Mean-Field Variational Inference
No full textFairness in Machine Learning (ML) has recently risen in importance due to its
demand by both society and institutions, either private or public. This is due to
the discrimination or disparities that may arise as a consequence of biases in the
data sets that are used for training the prediction algorithms. As a consequence,
the applicability of such algorithms may be limited. In this paper we propose a fair
version of the logistic regression via Mean-Field Variational Bayes (MFVB). Fairness
is defined in terms of a carefully selected metric that, not only is interpretable for the
considered logistic regression problem, but also leads to tractable MFVB equations.
In addition, it allows for the problem to be solved in a private manner, further
increasing the applicability of the method. The MFVB equations are solved through
a Coordinate Ascent Variational Inference (CAVI) algorithm, where a proper selection
of the hyper-parameters is shown to be crucial to assure accurate classification rates.
Numerical experiments illustrate how the novel approach provides a trade-off between
the accuracy of the method and the predictions’ level of fairness that eases the decision making process
El honor, el duelo y la redefinición de la masculinidad burguesa en la dramaturgia de Manuel Bretón de los Herreros
No full textManuel Bretón de los Herreros (1796-1873) se sirvió de su teatro para publicitar
una masculinidad burguesa alejada de la violencia, la irracionalidad y la pasión no controlada. La abundancia de motivos argumentales en torno al honor y las consecuencias
derivadas de la violencia interpersonal descubren un particular interés del autor por criticar la práctica del duelo y exponer la necesidad de resolver las ofensas de honor a través
de la racionalización y el sentido común. Desde una perspectiva eminentemente cómica,
su discurso se alinea con el de sus contemporáneos Larra y Lafuente, evidenciando así
una verdadera preocupación respecto al debate público sobre el duelo que mantendrá
hasta el final de su trayectoria literaria
El Fénix semanal: la recepción de Lope de Vega a través del Semanario Pintoresco Español (1836-1857) Ignacio Alba Degayón (ES)
No full textEl siglo xix y, en él, la prensa periódica que fungió como portal de la realidad
circundante tienen aún mucho que aportar al estudio de la recepción de Lope de Vega
entre los autores del Siglo de Oro. En este sentido, la extraordinaria fortuna del Semanario Pintoresco Español (1836-1857) permite observar el devenir de la imagen de Lope a
lo largo de un amplio periodo y su eclecticismo hace compatibles los enfoques estéticoideológicos más diversos. Para abarcar esta heterogeneidad, analizamos cinco textos representativos de tres de los principales contenidos de la revista, los artículos biográficos,
la narrativa breve y los trabajos bibliográficos, reveladores, a pesar de sus diferencias, de
un creciente interés por acercarse a la figura del Fénix, a partir de su literatura y traduciéndolo a las coordenadas contemporáneas
Intra-hospital patient-specific 3D printed surgical guide for patients with thoracic scoliotic deformities, the collaboration between engineer and surgeon
No full textBackground This study validates the intra-hospital design and 3D printing process of personalized surgical guides to enhance the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion in patients with thoracic scoliotic deformities. It introduces a novel collaborative paradigm between surgeons and engineers, aiming to improve efficiency and reduce errors in the manufacturing of patient-specific instruments (PSIs). Methods The process began with the generation of 3D biomodels of vertebrae from computed tomography scans. Surgical guides were then created using two 3D printing techniques: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with polylactic acid (PLA) and Stereolithography (SLA) with photopolymer resin. Three different prototypes were compared based on multifactorial indicators, including economic cost, macroscopic surface finish, and mechanical stability. The mechanical performance of the guides was evaluated under loads generated during pedicle screw penetration and threading. Results and discussions PLA models printed using FFF were found to be cheaper and simpler to manufacture than SLA resin models. Despite differences observed under a microscope, PLA models exhibited a macroscopic surface f inish comparable to that of SLA resin models. Both materials demonstrated similar mechanical properties, although their values were lower than those reported in the manufacturer’s datasheet. Importantly, both types of guides successfully withstood the mechanical loads generated during surgical procedures. The intra-hospital collaboration between engineers and surgeons was identified as a key factor in improving outcomes and reducing error risks, showcasing the benefits of interdisciplinary teamwork. Conclusions 3D-printed PSIs made from PLA using FFF are more cost-effective and quicker to produce compared to SLA resin models, while achieving similar results in surface finish and mechanical stability. The implementation of a collaborative approach between engineers and surgeons within hospital settings enhances the efficiency and accuracy of patient-specific surgical guide manufacturing, offering a promising solution for improving surgical outcomes in thoracic scoliotic deformities
Disabilities, inclusion and evaluationduring the first cycle of EarlyChildhood Education. Ensuringquality in socio-educational praxis
Get PDFIntroducción: La evaluación en Educación Infantil se conceptualiza como un proceso sistemático, con una intencionalidad orientada hacia la calidad de la educación y la mejora de la enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desde esta comprensión de la evaluación, la cuestión que conduce este trabajo es: ¿cómo la evaluación en el primer ciclo de Educación Infantil favorece la atención educativa inclusiva al alumnado con discapacidad? Metodología: En el CEI Fernando de Magallanes (Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Cádiz, España) están escolarizados niños/as con y sin discapacidad con edades entre los cuatro meses y los tres años. En este trabajo se recoge una parte del estudio de su caso que se realiza desde 2023, focalizando la atención en las formas de comprender la evaluación para una atención educativa inclusiva en sus aulas. La fuente principal de información ha sido la grabación fílmica de una charla-coloquio ofrecida por la escuela a estudiantes del Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Cádiz. Asimismo, se ha recurrido a entrevistas semiestructuradas y a observación sistemática. Resultados: La investigación concluye que se da una comprensión multiforme de la evaluación sustentada en tres pilares: 1. Diversidad de momentos y tiempos de evaluación; 2. Heterogeneidad de estrategias evaluativas; 2. Pluralidad de personas implicados en la evaluación.Introduction: Evaluation in Early Childhood Education isconceptualized as a systematic process, oriented towards educational quality and the improvement of the teaching-learning process. According to this understanding of evaluation, the following question guides this work: How does evaluation during thefirst cycle of Early Childhood Education favor inclusive educational attention to students with disabilities? Methodology:The CEI Fernando de Magallanes (Sanlucar de Barrameda, Cadiz, Spain) educates children with and without disabilities from the age of four months to three years. This work considers part of a case study conducted since 2023, which focuses on means of understanding evaluation for inclusive educational attention in its classrooms. The main source of information came from the filming of a talk-colloquium offered by the school to students from the early childhood education degree program at the University of Cadiz. Likewise, semi-structured interviews and systematic observation were used. Results: The study found the existence of a multi-form understanding of evaluation based on three main pillars: 1. Diversity of moments and evaluation times; 2. Heterogeneity ofevaluative strategies; and 3. Plurality of individuals involved in the evaluation
Unveiling Hate Speech Dynamics: An Examination of Discourse Targeting the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET)
Get PDFThis article examines hate speech directed at AEMET, the Spanish meteorological state agency, on the social media platform X. We analysed nearly half a million messages posted between 31 December 2021 and 19 April 2023, using hate speech detection algorithms, text mining techniques, and qualitative analysis to identify patterns and themes in the discourse. Our research reveals a troubling reality, with around 25% of the messages collected displaying some degree of hostility towards AEMET, its staff, and its scientific work. A considerable amount of hate speech was expressed through derogatory comments and insults aimed at meteorologists, which is indicative of a wider trend of anti‐intellectualism and scepticism of scientific expertise. Furthermore, the spread of conspiracy theories, particularly those related to geoengineering and chemtrails, highlights the spread of misinformation within online communities. This study emphasises the importance of acknowledging and addressing the spread of hate speech in meteorology and scientific communication. By emphasising the negative effects of such language on public perception and trust in scientific institutions, this article advocates for collaborative efforts to promote a culture of informed dialogue and evidence‐based discourse. The results highlight the importance of combating hate speech and misinformation to protect the integrity and credibility of scientific institutions such as AEMET