University of Cádiz
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La senda del genio: aplicación de ficción interactiva para el Grado en Biotecnología
No full textEsta ficción interactiva pretende servir de repaso y de prueba para los estudiantes de la asignatura de Química II del primer curso del Grado en Biotecnología. Esta actividad recoge toda la docencia impartida en la asignatura relativa a la Química Analítica (Valoraciones, equilibrio químico, ácido-base, etc.).
Asimismo esta actividad pretende desarrollar las siguientes competencias:
• CB1: Los estudiantes deben haber demostrado poseer y comprender conocimientos en un área de estudio que parte de la educación secundaria general y que se encuentra a un nivel que, apoyándose en libros de texto avanzados, incluye aspectos de la vanguardia de su campo de estudio.
• CB2: Los estudiantes deben saber aplicar sus conocimientos a su trabajo o vocación de forma profesional y poseer las competencias demostrables mediante la elaboración y defensa de argumentos y la resolución de problemas dentro de su área de estudio.
• CB3: Los estudiantes deben tener la capacidad de reunir e interpretar datos relevantes (normalmente dentro de su área de estudio) para emitir juicios que incluyan una reflexión sobre temas sociales, científicos o éticos
Anna-Maria Roos. En recuerdo a una gran arqueóloga y mejor amiga
Get PDFAnna-Maria Roos, nació en Düsseldorf (Alemania), el 26 de julio de 1957 y murió en Sevilla el 9 de
febrero de 2025. Su familia era de clase media urbana. En los años de escasez y reconstrucción de la
posguerra, ella recordaba el trabajo de su padre como ingeniero y el afán de su madre porque, además
de sus hermanos, ella y su hermana estudiaran en la universidad para tener independencia personal
y profesional. Su carrera arqueológica comenzó en la Universidad y Museo de Colonia, para continuar
luego en la Universidad de Sevilla y el Deutsches Archaölogisches Institut (DAI o Instituto Arqueológico
Alemán), donde iniciaría su larga trayectoria de estudios hispanos, de casi cincuenta años, que listamos
al final de estas notas
Systematic Review on the Importance of Gut Microbiota in the Regulation of Type 2 Diabetes Through Physical Activity and Exercise
Get PDFType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health issue, influenced by sedentary behavior and obesity. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in T2D pathophysiology through effects on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. This systematic review included eleven studies, six observational and five interventional, examining the relationship between physical activity, exercise, and gut microbiota in individuals with or at risk of T2D. Observational studies associated low physical activity and high sedentary time with reduced α-diversity and increased abundance of potentially harmful bacteria. Interventional studies showed that structured exercise, including moderate-intensity and sprint interval training, increased beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Veillonella, Lachnospira, and Bifidobacterium, linked to anti-inflammatory effects and improved metabolic profiles. However, overall microbial diversity often remained unchanged unless combined with dietary modifications. Exercise also reduced levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, a metabolite linked to cardiovascular risk. Despite increases in butyrate-producing taxa, most studies did not report significant short-term changes in short-chain fatty acid levels, highlighting the complex interaction between microbiota and host metabolism. These findings support physical activity and exercise as modifiable factors that can influence gut microbiota composition, potentially contributing to improved metabolic regulation and better management of T2D
Mechanical power is not associated with mortality in COVID-19 mechanically ventilated patients
Get PDFBackground The relative contribution of the diferent components of mechanical power to mortality is a subject
of debate and has not been studied in COVID-19. The aim of this study is to evaluate both the total and the rela‑
tive impact of each of the components of mechanical power on mortality in a well-characterized cohort of patients
with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory failure undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. This is a secondary
analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID project, a multicenter observational cohort study including ffty Spanish intensive
care units that included COVID-19 mechanically ventilated patients between February 2020 and December 2021. We
examined the association between mechanical power and its components (elastic static, elastic dynamic, total elastic
and resistive power) with 90-day mortality after adjusting for confounders in seven hundred ninety-nine patients
with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.
Results At the initiation of mechanical ventilation, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 106 (78; 150), ventilatory ratio was 1.69
(1.40; 2.05), and respiratory system compliance was 35.7 (29.2; 44.5) ml/cmH2O. Mechanical power at the initiation
of mechanical ventilation was 24.3 (18.9; 29.6) J/min, showing no signifcant changes after three days. In multivariable
regression analyses, mechanical power and its components were not associated with 90-day mortality at the start
of mechanical ventilation. After three days, total elastic and elastic static power were associated with higher 90-day
mortality, but this relationship was also found for positive end-expiratory pressure Conclusions Neither mechanical power nor its components were independently associated with mortality in COVID19-induced acute respiratory failure at the start of MV. Nevertheless, after three days, static elastic power and total
elastic power were associated with lower odds of survival. Positive end-expiratory pressure and plateau pressure,
however, captured this risk in a similar manner
Gas chromatography - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate pressurized liquid extraction of targeted and non-targeted contaminants from sediments
Get PDFContamination of aquatic environments by chemical substances poses a growing concern. Among the different environmental compartments, sediments act as sink for many medium to low polarity contaminants. To determine such substances, we have evaluated the potential of gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-HRMS) for targeted and non-targeted screening of organic pollutants in different sediment matrices. First, 6 different pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions and up to 141 targeted compounds were evaluated in 3 types of sediment matrices. A combined one-step extraction with dichloromethane (DCM) and clean-up with silica yielded the highest recoveries (> 80 % for 96 contaminants), and was later applied to the analysis of sewage-impacted surface sediments from Guadalete Estuary (SW Spain), where up to 60 contaminants were measured at total concentrations from 115.3 to 862.5 ng g−1 dw. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most prevalent contaminants (59 %), followed by personal care products (PCPs) (25 %), industrial chemicals (11 %), and pesticides (4 %). Identification of unknown substances was conducted using mass spectral libraries, lists of suspect compounds, and in-silico fragmentation. From the over 8000 HRMS features measured in sediments, identification of 144 compounds was achieved, including different pharmaceuticals (iprodinazole, 8-methyl octahydrocoumarin), flame retardants (4-vinylcyclohexene, triphenylphosphine oxide), personal care products (5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal), hydrocarbons (α-dodecene oxide), and pesticides (kinoprene). The application of the PLE followed by GC-APCI-HRMS methodology developed here in combination with existing liquid chromatography - HRMS (LC-HRMS) based methods will allow for a better characterization of current and upcoming chemical threats released into the environment
Mediterranean Diet Patterns Are Positively Associated with Maximal Fat Oxidation and VO2max in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Leptin
Get PDFBackground: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) offers multiple metabolic benefits. However, its relationship with maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), alongside the potential mediating role of leptin, remains underexplored in young adults. Objective: The objective was to investigate the associations between MedDiet adherence and the body mass index (BMI), MFO, and VO2max and to evaluate whether leptin mediates these relationships. Methods: Sixty-five young adults (n = 23 women), aged 18–38, were assessed for body composition, MedDiet adherence (14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener), MFO, and VO2max through indirect calorimetry. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured in fasting conditions. Multiple linear regression models were performed, adjusting for sex, age, and both. Mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Higher MedDiet adherence was significantly associated with lower BMI (β = −0.339, p = 0.006) and leptin values (β = 0.284, p = 0.022) and higher absolute MFO (β = 0.338, p = 0.006) and VO2max values (β = 0.462, p < 0.001). These associations remained significant in all models except BMI and leptin when adjusted for sex and sex and age. Leptin was positively associated with the BMI (β = 0.550, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with absolute MFO (β = −0.650, p < 0.001) in all models. There was a trend in the association between leptin and VO2max (β = −0.233, p = 0.061) only in the unadjusted model. Mediation analysis revealed that the leptin levels significantly mediated the associations between MedDiet adherence and BMI (β = −0.358, 95% CI [−0.677, −0.077]) and VO2max (β = 1.043, 95% CI [0.280, 1.833]). Conclusions: MedDiet adherence is associated with a lower BMI and higher MFO and VO2max in young adults. Our findings further suggest that leptin plays a mediating role in how MedDiet adherence influences the BMI and VO2max
Genially del Tema Introducción Grado en Biotecnología Química II
No full textEste ítem incluye una presentación interactiva en la plataforma Genially que describe los contenidos teóricos del Tema de Introducción a la Química Analítica de la asignatura de primer curso del Grado en Biotecnología "Química II"
Long-term trophic ecology of juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna in the western Mediterranean Sea
Get PDFGlobal marine ecosystems confront increasing anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change, leading to declining fish populations. Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT; Thunnus thynnus), an ecologically important apex predator, has historically suffered from overexploitation. Conservation efforts have been implemented to mitigate its decline, leading to a recovery of its stock in recent years. In the western Mediterranean Sea, concerns have emerged among purse seine fishers regarding the potential impact of the resurgence of ABFT on sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) populations, crucial prey for ABFT and the fishing industry, and currently overexploited or with low population biomass levels. This study investigates the trophic ecology of juvenile ABFT in the Gulf of Valencia, western Mediterranean Sea, across three periods: 1989, 2012–2014, and 2018–2019. Through a combination of stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis, which complement each other, we aim at achieving a comprehensive understanding of the trophic ecology. ABFT's dietary preferences are revealed as flexible and opportunistic, encompassing a diversity of prey species, including fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Variations in the composition of the diet of juvenile ABFT can be attributed to fluctuations in the availability of prey, mainly due to a synergistic effect of overfishing and climate change. Likely in response to declining populations of sardine and anchovy, juvenile ABFT have changed their dietary habits, decreasing their consumption of these species and increasing their ingestion of horse mackerels (Trachurus spp.), another pelagic predatory fish present in the western Mediterranean Sea. Our data suggest that concerns of fishers regarding the consumption of sardine and anchovy by the increasing ABFT population are not supported, at least for juvenile individuals. Understanding the trophic relationships and feeding dynamics of ABFT has wider implications, and can provide insights into ecosystem resilience, predator-prey interactions, and adaptative responses to changing environments
Cartografía Social Transformando la forma de ver y vivir los territorios
No full textLa Cartografía Social es una práctica participativa y crítica que utiliza mapas para visibilizar las realidades, problemáticas y sueños de una comunidad. A diferencia del mapa tradicional —herramienta histórica del poder—, esta cartografía parte de los saberes cotidianos, no de miradas técnicas o dominantes. Esta herramienta ofrece las nociones para la creación de una cartografía como diagnóstico para la investigación-acción en el marco de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociale
A tour of the city. Trace of the basques in Cádiz
Get PDFEl pasado vasco en la capital de Cádiz y las huellas que han dejado en la ciudad
se extiende por todo el caso histórico. Hay tantos, por ejemplo, edificios civiles (actual
edificio de la UNED) o religiosos (portada principal de la iglesia de San Agustín, o bien
el escudo de Vizcaya en la Catedral Vieja de la capilla de los Vizcaínos, en las pechinas
con los escudos de Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Álava y Navarra de la iglesia de San Agustín, la
capilla de los navarros en la iglesia del Rosario), rincones (calle de Garaycoechea), calles
(calle Pelota), espacios industriales (los astilleros Echevarrieta y Larrinaga) y esculturas
(Altar Mayor de la iglesia de San Agustín, Cristo de la Humildad y Paciencia o Cristo de
los Vizcaínos) que darían para una ruta turística exclusiva con ello. En el presente artículo
se presenta ese recorrido como parte del encanto de la ciudad de Cádiz.The Basque past in the capital of Cádiz and the traces they have left in the
city extend throughout the historic centre. There are so many, for example, civil (current
UNED building) or religious buildings (main doorway of the church of San Agustín, or
the coat of arms of Vizcaya in the Old Cathedral in the chapel of the Vizcaínos, in the
pendentives with the coats of arms of Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Álava and Navarre in the
church of San Agustín, the chapel of the Navarros in the church of San Agustín, the coat
of arms of the Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Álava and Navarre in the church of San Agustín, the
chapel of the Navarrese in the church of El Rosario), corners (Calle de Garaycoechea),
streets (Calle Pelota), industrial spaces (the Echevarrieta and Larrinaga shipyards) and
sculptures (Altar Mayor of the church of San Agustín, Cristo de la Humildad y Paciencia
or Cristo de los Vizcaínos) which could be the subject of an exclusive tourist route. This
article presents this route as part of the charm of the city of Cádiz