University of Cádiz
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Fysiska klädbutiker i en digital värld: : utifrån resursbaserade konkurrensfördelar och begränsningar
No full textFran system till handling: : En kvalitativ studie om samspelet mellan styrning och ledarskap i olika organisatoriska kontexter
No full textNär styrdokument tappar sin mening : En studie av språklig specificitet i regionala informationssäkerhetsstyrdokument med Keyword Loss of Specificity som teoretisk ramverk
No full textSafeguarding Health Data in High-Risk AI Systems : A legal analysis of the regulatory interplay between the GDPR and the AIA in Healthcare
No full textThe thesis examines data protection rules in regards to patients’ health data when AI systems have been deployed in healthcare. The thesis primarily studies the correlation and intersectionality between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the AI Act (AIA). The research topic focuses on the processing of health data by AI systems used for medical purposes in the healthcare industry, including for measures like diagnostics, preventative medicine and disease detection. The thesis examines AI systems that are classified as high-risk according to Article 6 of the AIA. Health data is considered special category data according to Article 9 of the GDPR and thus holds stricter regulations protecting data than ”regular” personal data. The purpose of the thesis is to look at how the GDPR and AIA enforce safeguards to protect fundamental human rights as well as how the regulations apply in practice. As the future in healthcare is facing further automation, the governance in the GDPR and the AIA become crucial to ensure compliance, lawful and fair processing of health data and safe AI deployment. The thesis evaluates the regulations both separately and their intersectionality and acknowledges overlaps and gaps in the regulations, specifically by looking at areas of potential risks like bias, opaque AI systems, data minimisation and human oversight. The thesis applies a legal dogmatic method in order to interpret the legal frameworks necessary in order to examine the purpose of the research. The methodology includes application of EU legislation, Court of Justice of the European Union case law and legal research. The thesis argues that data protection should continue to enjoy high protection in terms of AI deployment in healthcare, and that things like transparency, consent and data minimisation are at times at conflict with the nature of AI. At the same time, the approach is not hostile to further automation, on the contrary, the thesis is a tool for safe deployment of AI systems. The conclusion addresses the challenges that pose risk for non-compliance or failure to sufficiently satisfy the strict regulations in the GDPR and the AIA
"Det är jätte motsägelsefullt" : Professionella aktörers erfarenheter av barnförhör
No full textFörhör med barn som misstänks för grov brottslighet utgör en situation där kraven på frontaktörer i rättskedjan om en effektiv brottsutredning ställs mot barns rättigheter och rättssäkerhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur förhörsledare och andra i sammanhanget relevanta aktörer upplever sin arbetssituation i dessa komplexa möten. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta för syftet relevanta personer och analyserades tematiskt med utgångspunkt i Street-level bureaucracy teorin, som belyser yrkesgruppers handlingsutrymme i frontlinjearbetet. Resultaten visar att dessa aktörers praktiska arbete i hög grad präglas av kontinuerliga bedömningar och individuella beslut. Lagar, riktlinjer och metodstöd upplevs sällan ge fullständig vägledning och strukturella villkor upplevs inte som enhetliga, utan varierar mellan olika organisatoriska sammanhang och individer. På så vis blir behovet av en väl fungerande samverkan mellan myndigheter och individer i arbetet med barn som förövare avgörande. Studien lyfter vikten av att förstå hur detta handlingsutrymme och dilemman i barnförhör upplevs av frontlinjeaktörer, vilket har en direkt betydelse för förbättrad praktik, policy och utbildning.Interrogation with children suspected of serious crimes are complex situations where interrogators must balance investigative requirements with childrens rights and legal safeguards. This study investigates how frontline workers in Sweden perceive and manage their work in these encounters. Semi-structured interviews with eight relevant professionals were analyzed thematically using Street-level bureaucracy theory, highlighting the discretion exercised in daily practice. Results indicates that the work is largely shaped by ongoing individual assessments with laws, guidelines, and structural conditions often providing limited guidance. Inter-agency collaborations was identified as a key challenge. To study and understand these dilemmas is crucial for improving practice, policy, and education
The Impact of AI on the Labour Market : Essays on Transformative Technology, Occupations, and Firms
No full textThe topic of this thesis is the economics of transformative technology, with the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labour market as the primary focus. Analysing German data, Essay I shows that occupational AI exposure was associated with wage gains, and an increased focus on knowledge-intensive tasks. There is a clear contrast between the types of work that are exposed to AI, versus robotics. Essay II finds that AI exposure is associated with AI adoption and increased labour demand, as measured by job vacancy postings, in Swedish establishments/workplaces. Essay III develops a novel measure of occupational AI exposure, called Dynamic AI Occupational Exposure (DAIOE). AI exposure is shown to be associated with upskilling at the firm level in Sweden, Denmark, and Portugal. Essay IV analyses the labour market implications of the growing social and verbal capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Analysis of occupational data from O*NET and job ads provides a map of the most important types of social work tasks. Among social tasks, verbal communication tasks have the strongest association with occupational exposure to LLMs. Essay V is about the impact of venture capital (VC) on start-up firms. Investment from both private and governmental VCs is found to increase sales with a 2-3 year delay, driven primarily by efficiency gains, and to some extent, capital investment. Governmental VCs are more likely to make follow-on investments in non-growing firms
Developing non-technical skills through designed experiential learning : participatory research in a Balkan healthcare context
No full textRapid changes in population health needs have increased the importance of understanding how healthcare institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) support the development of healthcare professionals’ competencies. While traditional training has primarily emphasised clinical and technical skills, healthcare systems in LMICs often face additional challenges related to limited resources, entrenched hierarchies, and complex cultural contexts. These conditions highlight the need to better understand the development of non-technical skills (NTSs), including communication, teamwork, leadership, and interprofessional collaboration. This thesis examines how healthcare professionals understand and develop NTSs, with particular attention to leadership and interprofessional collaboration within healthcare settings in the Balkan region and in the context of international healthcare partnerships in Sweden. The study applies a designed experiential learning approach grounded in participatory and interactive educational practices. Kolb’s experiential learning theory serves as the overarching conceptual framework and is applied across individual, team, and organisational levels, with surveys-used to stimulate dialogue. The thesis is presented as a compilation, consisting of an introduction and four empirical studies employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data were collected through interviews, focusgroups, and observations. The findings indicate that designed experiential learning approaches effectively foster the development and understanding of NTSs. These skills develop in ways that are closely shaped by organisational structures and cultural contexts. The results contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting experiential, participatory, and context-sensitive approaches in healthcare education and suggest that traditional dyadic mentoring alone is insufficient to support professional development in increasingly complex healthcare environments
Factor structure of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Third Edition and its association with structural quality in Swedish preschools
No full textThe Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale, Third Edition (ECERS-3), is widely used to assess preschool quality. However, concerns remain about its scoring structure, usage in different cultural contexts, and associations with structural quality indicators. This study explored the factor structure of the ECERS-3 and its relationship with teacher education, child-to-adult ratio, group size, and preschool size in 71 Swedish municipal preschools. Confirmatory factor analysis showed poor fit for both the single-factor modeland the original six-subscale structure. Exploratory factor analysis identified a better-fitting four-factor structure: Learning & Play Environment, Interactions & Order, Gross Motor, and Care & Hygiene. We further investigated whether adopting this revised factor structure influenced relationships between ECERS-3 dimensions and structural quality indicators. Analyses of associations with structural quality indicators showed that smaller group sizes were linked to higher quality in Gross Motor activities. Among preschools with group sizes below 15 children, smaller groups were also associated with higher quality in Learning & Play Environment, Care & Hygiene, and overall ECERS-3 scores. Pedagogical and interactional dimensions showed limited or inconsistent relationships with structural variables. Future research should carefully consider how ECERS-3 scores are analyzed and be mindful of potential threshold effects when exploring associations with structural quality
Som att tala ett annat språk Patienters upplevelse av omvårdnad efter stroke
No full textSammanfattning Bakgrund: Stroke är en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna i världen och orsakas av en blodpropp eller en blödning i hjärnans blodkärl. Komplikationer för de som drabbas av stroke kan innefatta afasi, dysfagi och hemipares, vilket kan leda till behov av omvårdnadsåtgärder. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna för en patient som drabbats av stroke ser olika ut men kan innefatta hjälp med hygien, patientutbildning samt kommunikation. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av omvårdnaden efter stroke inom slutenvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning. 10 artiklar togs fram med databaserna Cinahl, Medline samt Psycinfo. Resultat: Fyra huvudteman och ett subtema identifierades och beskrevs i resultatet. De fyra huvudtemana innefattade ”vikten av empati, respekt och positiv attityd”, “kommunikation och information som grund för trygghet”, ”att behöva stöttning och motivation för återhämtningen”, samt ”möjligheten att vara delaktig i omvårdnaden”. Subtemat innefattade ”hinder för kommunikationen”. Slutsats: Patienter upplever omvårdnaden olika, men att ett positivt bemötande är centralt för en god omvårdnad och för rehabiliteringen.Nyckelord: Omvårdnad, Slutenvården, Stroke, Upplevels
Att investera i språk : En systematisk litteraturöversikt om flerspråkiga gymnasieelevers språkval och språkliga positioneringar i Sverige
No full textThis study is a systematic literature overview that examines how previous research has conceptualized how multilingual upper secondary school students’ perception of language as an investment in Sweden, and how these perceptions are linked to language ideologies, identity and educational structures. Drawing on Bonny Norton’s concept of investment and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic capital, the study employs a thematic analysis of six qualitative and one quantitative research studies that examines students’ own accounts of language use, assessment and positioning. The analysis reveals that students’ investments in language are context-dependent and multidimensional. Swedish is consistently constructed as a form of institutional and strategic capital associated with legitimacy, moral behavior, and academic success, whereas minority languages are primarily invested in as resources for identity, belonging, and relational continuity. These parallel investments often generate ambivalence, as students navigate competing language ideologies across school, home, and peer domains. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate how dominant language ideologies in education shape students’ positioning, encouraging norm-oriented adaptation while also giving rise to various forms of resistance through stylization and local language practices. The results of the analysis highlights the importance of everyday language use for students’ sense of competence and self-worth, particularly in contexts where multilingualism is recognized and valued. From a professional perspective, the study underscores the need for Swedish language teachers to develop intercultural competence and critically reflect on how classroom norms, assessments practices and language ideologies influence students’ opportunities for participation and recognition. The study concludes that multilingual students’ linguistic repertoires should be understood as complex resources rather than deficits, and that acknowledging these resources are central to the Swedish subject education