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Modeling of Sound Radiation from a Loaded Rolling Tire
Get PDFIn recent work it has been possible to model the surface vibration of a loaded rolling tire, including the influence of the acoustic mode that forms within the tire cavity. For example, it has been found that the acoustic cavity mode splits owing to the deformation of the tire when it is loaded, and that the split widens owing to Doppler effects when the tire is rolling. It has also been demonstrated that the force at the hub that results from the acoustic cavity mode is strongly dependent on interaction with circumferential structural modes of the treadband. The finite element models developed to-date, thus allow a prediction of the tire’s surface vibration. To predict the sound radiation from the deformed, rolling tire, the surface vibration data has been used as the input to boundary element calculations; the effect of the ground surface is modeled by creating an “image” tire. The calculations have been used to illustrate the nature of the exterior sound radiation that results from the acoustic cavity mode, which can be relatively efficient due to the sonic phase speed of the mode within the tire cavity, as opposed to the subsonic structural wave propagation along the treadband
Cabozantinib and IL-27 combinatorial therapy for bone-metastatic prostate cancer
Get PDFIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among American men. Prostate tumor cells exhibit significant tropism for the bone and once metastasis occurs, survival rates fall significantly. Current treatment options are not curative and focus on symptom management. Immunotherapies are rapidly emerging as a possible therapeutic option for a variety of cancers including prostate cancer, however, variable patient response remains a concern. Chemotherapies, like cabozantinib, can have immune-priming effects which sensitize tumors to immunotherapies. Additionally, lower doses of chemotherapy can be used in this context which can reduce patient side effects. We hypothesized that a combination of chemotherapy (cabozantinib) and immunotherapy [Interleukin-27 (IL-27)] could be used to treat bone-metastatic prostate cancer and exert pro-osteogenic effects. IL-27 is a multi-functional cytokine, which promotes immune cell recruitment to tumors, while also promoting bone repair.
Methods: To test this hypothesis, in vivo experiments were performed where syngeneic C57BL/6J mice were implanted intratibially with TRAMP-C2ras-Luc cells that are able to form tumors in bone. Immunotherapy was administered in the form of intramuscular gene therapy, delivering plasmid DNA encoding a reporter gene (Lucia), and/or a therapeutic gene (IL-27). Sonoporation was used to aid gene delivery. Following immunotherapy, the animals received either cabozantinib or a vehicle control by oral gavage. Bioluminescence imaging was used to monitor tumor size over time.
Results: Combinatorial therapy inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Further, RNA sequencing was used to investigate the mechanisms involved. Microcomputed tomography and differentiation assays indicated that the combination therapy improved bone quality by enhancing osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.
Discussion: Our conclusion is that a chemo-immunotherapy approach such as the one examined in this work has potential to emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating bone-metastatic prostate cancer. This approach will enable a significant reduction in chemotherapy-associated toxicity, enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy, and improve bone quality
Resting-state EEG power differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFNarrative reviews have described various resting-state EEG power differences in autism across all five canonical frequency bands, with increased power for low and high frequencies and reduced power for middle frequencies. However, these differences have yet to be quantified using effect sizes and probed robustly for consistency, which are critical next steps for clinical translation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature on resting-state EEG power in autism. We performed 10 meta-analyses to synthesize and quantify differences in absolute and relative resting-state delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma EEG power in autism. We also conducted moderator analyses to determine whether demographic characteristics, methodological details, and risk-of-bias indicators might account for heterogeneous study effect sizes. Our literature search and study selection processes yielded 41 studies involving 1,246 autistic and 1,455 neurotypical individuals. Meta-analytic models of 135 effect sizes demonstrated that autistic individuals exhibited reduced relative alpha (g = −0.35) and increased gamma (absolute: g = 0.37, relative: g = 1.06) power, but similar delta (absolute: g = 0.06, relative: g = 0.10), theta (absolute: g = −0.03, relative: g = −0.15), absolute alpha (g = −0.17), and beta (absolute: g = 0.01, relative: g = 0.08) power. Substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes was observed across all absolute (I2: 36.1–81.9%) and relative (I2: 64.6–84.4%) frequency bands. Moderator analyses revealed that age, biological sex, IQ, referencing scheme, epoch duration, and use of gold-standard autism diagnostic instruments did not moderate study effect sizes. In contrast, resting-state paradigm type (eyes-closed versus eyes-open) moderated absolute beta, relative delta, and relative alpha power effect sizes, and resting-state recording duration moderated relative alpha power effect sizes. These findings support further investigation of resting-state alpha and gamma power as potential biomarkers for autism
DESIGN OF LARGE DIAMETER PIPES WITH GEOPOLYMERS – LARGE SCALE TESTING AND ENGINEERING
Get PDFOver the past decade, cementitious spray-applied mortar linings have gained increasing popularity in Indiana and the nation due to their competitive cost structure for large diameter pipe rehabilitation and other installation considerations. However, the engineering community, especially bodies such as ASCE and ASTM, has yet to define a standard design methodology. We will review the scientific studies that have been conducted to reline existing pipe structures and determine a proper design method. We will also analyze the test data from five different engineering studies, the experimental methods of each study, and the limitations of each dataset
Certificate of Approval: Friend or Foe?
Get PDFA certificate of approval (COA) is required for state- funded projects that impact historic properties. Sometimes seen as a preferable alternative to Section 106, this presentation will discuss the challenges and opportunities for local governments in following the COA process
Fundamentals of Asphalt Binders
Get PDFThis presentation will help local agency personnel, consultants, and contractors to develop a continued under- standing of the asphalt binders used in hot mix asphalt. This presentation will cover fundamental aspects of asphalt binders, including how they are produced, how they are tested, and why and how their properties influence constructability and performance. Additional discussion will focus on how certain additives are used with asphalt binders to enhance properties
RejuvTec
Get PDFIf you’re facing a difficult challenge, you call a pro. Managing hundreds of miles of road network with a budget stretched thin and staff turning over faster than you can learn their names is not easy. You’ll need some help. Pat Conner from Indiana LTAP will lead a panel of contractors who specialize in pavement preservation. Hear first-hand what type of help is available, the best candidates, and when to apply preservation treatments to get the best return on your investment
So, You Want to Build a Hangar?
Get PDFDriven by corporate growth, companies are buying, maintaining, and piloting their own fleets of planes. Companies need a place to store and care for these multi-million-dollar assets, so the demand for corporate hangars is growing. But hangars aren’t like other commercial buildings; they have distinctive features from other structures. This presentation will address how clients need to work with aviation designers to educate themselves on the distinct characteristics of hangars and construction in an airport environment
Guidelines for Evaluating Safety Using Traffic Encounters: Proactive Crash Estimation on Roadways with Conventional and Autonomous Vehicle Scenarios
Get PDFWith the expected arrival of autonomous vehicles, and the ever-increasing levels of automation in today’s human driven vehicles, road safety is changing at a rapid pace. This project aimed to address the need for an efficient and rapid method of safety evaluation and countermeasure identification via traffic encounters, specifically traffic conflicts that are considered useful surrogates of crashes. Recent research-delivered methods for estimating crash frequencies based on these events were observed in the field. In this project we developed a method for observing traffic encounters with two LiDAR-based traffic monitoring units, called TScan, which were recently developed in JTRP-funded projects SPR-3831 and SPR-4102.
The TScan units were deployed in the field for several hours to collect data at selected intersections. These large data sets were used to improve object detection and tracking algorithms in order to better assist in detecting traffic encounters and conflicts. Consequently, the software of the TScan trailer-based units was improved and the results generated with the upgraded system include a list of potential encounters for further analysis.
We developed an engineering application for analyzing the trajectories of vehicles involved in the pre-selected encounters to identify final traffic encounters and conflicts. Another module of the engineering application visualized the traffic encounters and conflicts to inspect the spatial patterns of these events and to estimate the number of crashes for the observation period. Furthermore, a significant modeling effort resulted in a method of producing factors that expand the conflict-based crash estimates in short observation periods to an entire year. This report provides guidelines for traffic encounters and conflicts, the user manuals for setting up and operating the TScan research unit. and manuals for the engineering applications mentioned above
Don’t “Just Google It”: Deweyan Perspectives on Participatory Learning with Online Tools
No full textJohn Dewey argued that for education to be democratic, it is important for students to be not merely spectators but also participants in learning. Teachers sometimes find personal computing devices to be distracting or to contribute to passivity rather than activity in the classroom. In this essay we examine the question of whether a student’s Google search on a subject matter discussed in class is participatory or passive. We argue that with proper guidance students’ use of online searches and related tools can empower students democratically as sources of ideas, conceptualizations, information, and insight while emphasizing participation in deliberation and judgment in the classroom. We begin with a look at the criticisms and then defenses of using online tools in the classroom. Finally, we examine Dewey’s distinction between the spectator versus the participant models of learning to apply his insights to the use of online tools in the classroom