93887 research outputs found
Sort by
The Intersection of Utility Coordination and SUE
Get PDFASCE recently released two new SUE standards—ASCE 38-22 is the updated SUE standard commonly used during the utility coordination process during design, and ASCE 75-22 is the new utility as-built standard that is essential for the accurate location of newly relocated facilities in construction. This presentation will illustrate the interaction and relationship between SUE and utility coordination to enhance project deliverables and reduce risk during construction
Evansville Airport Terminal and Passenger Access
Get PDFThe Evansville Airport has completely updated the terminal area and passenger access to the terminal. A plan is underway to expand the passenger parking area in the future. This presentation will review the past updates and walk through future goals
Indiana Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Implementation Update
Get PDF2022 was a big year for EV infrastructure in Indiana. Starting with the approval of Indiana’s EV Implementation Plan in September 2022, INDOT and their team have been working fast and furiously to plan and deploy a network of DC Fast Charging Stations across the state. We will give an update on the plan implementation and next steps to inform stakeholders across the state on what they need to know for the next few years
Self-Aligned Single-Electrode Actuation of Tangential and Wineglass Modes using PMN-PT
Get PDFConsidering the evolution of rotation sensing and timing applications realized in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), flexural mode resonant shapes are outperformed by bulk acoustic wave (BAW) counterparts by achieving higher frequencies with both electrostatic and piezoelectric transduction. Within the 1–30 MHz range, which hosts BAW gyroscopes and timing references, piezoelectric and electrostatic MEMS have similar transduction efficiency. Although, when designed intelligently, electrostatic transduction allows self-alignment between electrodes and the resonator for various BAW modes, misalignment is inevitable regarding piezoelectric transduction of BAW modes that require electrode patterning. In this paper transverse piezoelectric actuation of [011] oriented single crystal lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) thin film disks are shown to excite the tangential mode and family of elliptical compound resonant modes, utilizing a self-aligned and unpatterned electrode that spans the entire disk surface. The resonant mode coupling is achieved by employing a unique property of [011] PMN–PT, where the in-plane piezoelectric coefficients have opposite signs. Fabricating 1-port disk transducers, RF reflection measurements are performed that demonstrate the compound mode family shapes in the 1–30 MHz range. Independent verification of mode transduction is achieved using in-plane displacement measurements with Polytec’s laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). While the tangential mode achieves a 40o/s dithering rate at 335 kHz resonant frequency, the n = 2 wine-glass mode achieves 11.46 nm tip displacement at 8.42 MHz resonant frequency on a radius of 60 μm disk resonator in air. A single electrode resonator that can excite both tangential and wine-glass modes with such metrics lays the foundation for a BAW MEMS gyroscope with a built-in primary calibration stage
The i-SUN Process to Use Social Learning Analytics: A conceptual Framework to Research Online Learning Interaction Supported by Social Presence
Get PDFInteraction is an essential element of online learning and researchers had use Social Learning Analytics (SLA) to understand the characteristics of meaningful interaction. While the potential for network analysis in education (i.e., SLA) is valuable, limited research has considered how best to use this emerging field to inform meaningful interaction in online settings. Online learning researchers need a concise and simplified framework for SLA to support interaction in online learning environments. Therefore, we present a conceptual framework to make SLA accessible for researchers investigating learners\u27 interactions in online learning. The framework includes concepts from network theory and the online learning literature integrated into a new perspective to analyze learners\u27 online behaviors and interactions. We analyzed existing models and frameworks to show how network analysis has been used in online learning resulting in a conceptual environment to investigate learner interaction. The proposed i-SUN framework has four main steps: (1) interaction, (2) social presence alignment, (3) unit of analysis definition, and (4) network statistics and inferential analysis selection. We also identified five ways in which the i-SUN model contributes to the advancement of SLA in online interaction research and provide recommendations for empirical validation. As part of a sequence of manuscripts, we seek to offer a unique perspective to online learning researchers and practitioners by focusing on the social and pedagogical implications of applying network analysis to understand online learning interaction
Exploring the Future of Sars-cov-2 Treatment After the First Two Years of the Pandemic: a Comparative Study of Alternative Therapeutics
Get PDFOne of the most pressing challenges associated with SARS-CoV-2 treatment is the emergence of new variants that may be more transmissible, cause more severe disease, or be resistant to current treatments and vaccines. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths worldwide. Various strategies have been employed to combat the virus, including neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), CRISPR/Cas13, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). While vaccines and small molecules have proven to be an effective means of preventing severe COVID-19 and reducing transmission rates, the emergence of new virus variants poses a challenge to their effectiveness. Monoclonal antibodies have shown promise in treating early-stage COVID-19, but their effectiveness is limited in severe cases and the emergence of new variants may reduce their binding affinity. CRISPR/Cas13 has shown potential in targeting essential viral genes, but its efficiency, specificity, and delivery to the site of infection are major limitations. ASOs have also been shown to be effective in targeting viral RNA, but they face similar challenges to CRISPR/Cas13 in terms of delivery and potential off-target effects. In conclusion, a combination of these strategies may provide a more effective means of combating SARS-CoV-2, and future research should focus on improving their efficiency, specificity, and delivery to the site of infection. It is evident that the continued research and development of these alternative therapies will be essential in the ongoing fight against SARS-CoV-2 and its potential future variants
Optimization of Extreme Ultra-violet Light Emitted From the Co2 Laser-irradiated Tin Plasmas Using 2d Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations
Get PDFWe studied Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) emission characteristics of the 13.5 nm wavelength from CO2 laser-irradiated pre-formed tin plasmas using 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Our results indicate that when a CO2 laser irradiates pre-formed tin plasma, the heated plasma expands towards the surrounding plasma, steepening the density at the ablation front and lowering the density near the laser axis due to the transverse motion of the plasma. Consequently, the laser absorption fraction decreases, and the contribution to EUV output from the ablation front becomes dominant over that from the low-density plasmas. We estimated that an EUV conversion efficiency of 10% from laser to EUV emission could be achieved with a larger laser spot size, shortened laser pulse width, and longer pre-formed plasma density scale length. Our results offer one optimizing solution to achieve an efficient and powerful EUV light source for the next-generation semiconductors
Acoustic Modeling of Granular Material and its Combination with a Flexible Perforated Membrane
Get PDFPorous granular materials such as activated carbon have been found helpful in sound absorption at low frequencies, and enlarging the apparent volume of loudspeaker cabinet. Such findings have encouraged studies of modeling technique to predict their response to an acoustic input. When tested in an impedance tube, the finite space of the sample holder and the elasticity of the granule stack can lead to features that are not predicted by rigid acoustic models, like sound absorption peaks caused by radial modes, for example. In the presented work, a finite difference (FD) scheme is built based on Biot theory to account for both the coupling between the solid and fluid phases of the granule stack, and the cylindrical shape of impedance tube sample holder. Further, the performance of sound absorbers consisting of a membrane and granules that partially fills the backing cavity is simulated following this numerical approach
Changes in Highway Expenditures and Revenues in an Era of CAVs, Volume B: Road Users
Get PDFAt the current time, road agencies and city authorities are considering various stimuli (legislations, policies, programs, and infrastructure investment projects) to support or facilitate electric, connected, and/or automation vehicle (ECAV) transportation. A candid and comprehensive assessment of such stimuli is possible only after due consideration of not only the benefits but also costs of each alternative option to each stakeholder. The road user, one of the key stakeholders of any stimulus, refers to an individual vehicle owner, user of a shared vehicle service, or commercial vehicle fleet owner. This report first presents a general evaluation framework that considers road user perspectives as an input. This framework could be used for ECAV-related appraisals of project investments, programs, and policies where it is sought to consider the user impacts of these stimuli in terms of the user costs or user benefits (reductions in user costs). Then the report presents the various ways in which road users are classified currently and argues for the modification of this traditional vehicle classification scheme to include subclasses to reflect the vehicle emerging technologies. Further, the report identifies the various categories of road user costs in the ECAV era. Further, the report provides data on road user cost values (direct costs only) in the traditional and the emerging era of ECAV transportation, to serve as inputs to such appraisals and evaluations. The use of reliable road-user cost data in stimulus-impact analysis facilitates the Infrastructure Owner and/or Operator (IOO)’s assessment of the systemwide benefits and costs incurred by all road-use stakeholders of the stimulus. In addition, such analysis helps the road users, including the ECAV fleet owner and the individual traveler, to measure the costs and benefits associated with their ECAV ownership and operations compared to other modes
U-NO: U-shaped Neural Operators
Get PDFNeural operators generalize classical neural networks to maps between infinite-dimensional spaces, e.g., function spaces. Prior works on neural operators proposed a series of novel methods to learn such maps and demonstrated unprecedented success in learning solution operators of partial differential equations. Due to their close proximity to fully connected architectures, these models mainly suffer from high memory usage and are generally limited to shallow deep learning models. In this paper, we propose U-shaped Neural Operator (U-NO), a U-shaped memory enhanced architecture that allows for deeper neural operators. U-NOs exploit the problem structures in function predictions and demonstrate fast training, data efficiency, and robustness with respect to hyperparameters choices. We study the performance of U-NO on PDE benchmarks, namely, Darcy’s flow law and the Navier-Stokes equations. We show that U-NO results in an average of 26% and 44% prediction improvement on Darcy’s flow and turbulent Navier-Stokes equations, respectively, over the state of the art. On Navier-Stokes 3D spatiotemporal operator learning task, we show U-NO provides 37% improvement over the state of art methods