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Sampling-accelerated prediction of phonon scattering rates for converged thermal conductivity and radiative properties
Get PDFThe prediction of thermal conductivity and radiative properties is crucial. However, computing phonon scattering, especially for four-phonon scattering, could be prohibitively expensive, and the thermal conductivity for silicon after considering four-phonon scattering is significantly under-predicted and not converged in the literature. Here we propose a method to estimate scattering rates from a small sample of scattering processes using maximum likelihood estimation. The calculation of scattering rates and associated thermal conductivity and radiative properties are dramatically accelerated by three to four orders of magnitude. This allows us to use an unprecedented q-mesh (discretized grid in the reciprocal space) of 32 × 32 × 32 for calculating four-phonon scattering of silicon and achieve a converged thermal conductivity value that agrees much better with experiments. The accuracy and efficiency of our approach make it ideal for the high-throughput screening of materials for thermal and optical applications
Nuclear Phosphoproteome Reveals Prolyl Isomerase PIN1 as a Modulator of Oncogene-Induced Senescence
Get PDFMammalian cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to prevent tumorigenesis upon deleterious mutations, including oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). The molecular mechanisms underlying OIS are, however, complex and remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the nuclear proteome and phosphoproteome of human lung fibroblast IMR90 cells during the progression of OIS induced by oncogenic RASG12V activation. We found that most of the differentially regulated phosphosites during OIS contained prolyl isomerase PIN1 target motifs, suggesting PIN1 is a key regulator of several promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body proteins, specifically regulating several proteins upon oncogenic Ras activation. We showed that PIN1 knockdown promotes cell proliferation, while diminishing the senescence phenotype and hallmarks of senescence, including p21, p16, and p53 with concomitant accumulation of the protein PML and the dysregulation of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body formation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PIN1 plays an important role as a tumor suppressor in response to oncogenic ER:RasG12V activation
Factors Related to Study Progress Among First-Year Agriculture Students
Get PDFThe first study year at university predicts the progress and quality of later studies. The aim of our study was to explore factors that affect first-year agriculture students. In the end of their first year, 49 students answered a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, approaches to learning, and study-related burnout. They also reported the factors that enhanced or impeded their studies. According to their approaches to learning, students were clustered into three profiles. One of these represented successful students with an organized approach, strong self-efficacy and little burnout, and another a more unorganized group. The third group had a dissonant profile and suffered from the highest burnout levels. The enhancing factors most often mentioned were peer support and regular assignments. These were recognized by the organized group. The most common impeding factors were activities outside of studies, recognized by the unorganized group, and high workload, recognized mostly by the dissonant group. Pedagogical implications are discussed
Active Learning Classrooms vs Computer Labs: Student Learning, Emotion, and Classroom Settings
Get PDFUsing undergraduate students in the research methods course in Child Development as participants and keeping the instructional approach consistent, this study examined two research questions. The first research question tested the effect of two classroom settings, active learning classrooms (ALCs) versus computer labs, on students’ learning. The results found that students in ALCs performed marginally better than computer labs for overall course grades and papers, but not for exams. The second research question tested the relationship between the reduction of negative feeling state and learning and investigated whether the relationship differed based on the classroom setting (ALCs vs computer lab). There were differential relationships between the reduction of negative feeling state and the performance of specific assignments by classroom settings. This study highlights the complexity of the impact classroom settings might have on students’ learning and how it might be related to students’ emotional states and their learning
Hybrid Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: An Appreciative Inquiry
Get PDFThis study is an appreciative inquiry (Cooperrider & Srivasta, 1987; Priest et al., 2013) into hybrid courses offered in Fall 2020, which included a combination of face-to-face and online elements. The courses in this study were part of an academic leadership studies program at Fort Hays State University and were taught in the hybrid format for the first time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to identify the assets of the hybrid modality of instruction in order to retain and implement them post-pandemic in any modality. Our findings include three themes: (1) perceptions of hybrid learning, (2) student motivations, and (3) design considerations—which all demonstrate a positive outlook on hybrid learning with considerations for designing effective courses. We offer recommendations in three areas including (1) administrative considerations, (2) course design, and (3) opportunities to prepare students for a continuum of virtuality
Meanings of Authentic Learning Scenarios: A Study of the Interplay Between Higher Education and Employability of Higher Education Graduates
Get PDFThe study is a part of the Erasmus+ project Skill-UP: Matching graduates’ skills and labour world demands through authentic learning scenarios. Higher education provides many different opportunities for students’ learning, though there are limited possibilities for them to learn through collaboration in authentic learning experiences. The article reports on a study which investigates meanings of authentic learning scenarios in higher education in relation to the employability of higher education graduates in a course within the bachelor’s programme in study and career guidance at Stockholm University, Sweden. Pre- and post-questionnaires on the employability skills of new graduates were completed by final year students. In a focus-group interview, higher education teachers discussed how they achieve authenticity in these learning scenarios. The course helped the students improve their employability skills such as creative thinking, teamwork, subject-specific skills, communication and interpersonal skills, and analytical thinking. The teachers’ conclusion was to keep the authentic learning scenario in the course and further develop the teaching instructions. We consider that authentic learning scenarios are of considerable benefit to higher education in relation to the employability of graduates. The conclusions drawn from the study are that the intervention with authentic learning experiences supports students to improve several employability skills. The teachers’ deduction is to keep the authentic learning scenarios in their teaching at university and further develop the teaching instructions which shows that the authentic learning scenarios can support university teachers to improve their course design in higher education by incorporating the model of authentic learning
Evaluation of 10 Specialty Pepper Cultivars in Southwest Michigan in 2024
Get PDFA specialty pepper cultivar trial was planted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (42.081985, -86.354087, Benton Harbor, Michigan). Tozer (TZ) and United Genetics (UG) seed companies donated specialty pepper cultivars for plastic-mulch bedded and trellised hand harvest. Overall trial conditions were excellent, however our pre-plant fertilizer mixing was outsourced this year, and a spreader was rented from the same company. Due to either a mixing error or a misapplication with a piece of unfamiliar or malfunctioning equipment, the plots received a toxic level of boron, which remained in plant tissues for the whole season
How Many Annunciations Are There? Using European Prints to Digitally Explore the Iconographic Style of Eighteenth-Century Portuguese Azulejos
Get PDFThe combination of a computational approach with the expertise of art historians in studying the similarities and differences between European prints and eighteenth-century Portuguese azulejos has led to the emergence of an “iconographic style,” which introduced two major modes of depicting the Annunciation during the period under analysis. The article aims to assess the impact of the circulation of European prints on Portuguese tile coverings to better understand how the images were circulated and to determine their influence in terms of form, style, decoration, iconography and working process on the definition and execution of different iconographic programmes.
En combinant approche informatique et expertise des historiens de l’art, l’étude comparée des gravures européennes et des azulejos Portugais du 18ème siècle a révélé un « style iconographique » qui introduit deux grandes façons de représenter l’Annonciation pendant la période analysée. L’article vise à évaluer l’impact de la circulation de gravures européennes sur des panneaux d’azulejos pour mieux comprendre comment les images ont circulé et mesurer leur influence en termes de forme, style, décoration, iconographie et méthode de travail sur la définition et l’exécution de différents programmes iconographiques
Forage Crops Interseeded in Pumpkins
Get PDFPumpkins are grown on more than one-third of Indiana vegetable farms. There is increasing interest in producing grassfed livestock for local sales and integrating livestock into annual cropping systems. Cattle are known to eat unharvested pumpkins that remain in the field after harvest, and success in undersowing cover crops in pumpkins has been reported in the literature and by producers. This trial in northern Indiana evaluated the performance of different forage cover crops in a market pumpkin system. Results showed there is potential for interplanting forage crops or winter cover crops between pumpkin rows in July or August. When planted in July rapeseed produced the most biomass by mid-November, followed by turnips (tops and roots). July-planted winter barley and a nine-species mix produced similar biomass and would likely survive to provide forage in the spring. August plantings did not provide much biomass for fall forage, but the winter barley, winter rye, a seven-species mix, and rapeseed (if it survived winter) could provide living cover over the winter and possibly spring forage
