Repositorio de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
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El tratamiento de las personas con problemas de salud mental en la normativa penal y penitenciaria. Reflexiones y propuestas
No full textEl presente trabajo analiza el tratamiento que la normativa penal y penitenciariaespañola ofrece a las personas con problemas de salud mental (o con discapacidad psicosocial)que son acusadas de un delito y entran en contacto con el medio penitenciario. Elanálisis revela que este colectivo es víctima de una discriminación y un maltrato institucionalcuya erradicación exige cambios relevantes en la legislación, las políticas públicas y lamentalidad social, a la luz de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personascon Discapacidad. Estos cambios se orientan a cuatro objetivos básicos: 1) evitarsituaciones de desatención que aboquen a las personas con problemas de salud mentala entrar en el ciclo delictivo; 2) potenciar su desviación del medio penitenciario hacia respuestasmás resocializadoras; 3) garantizar que quienes entren en prisión puedan ejercersus derechos en igualdad de condiciones que todas las personas internas; 4) erradicar prejuicios y estereotipos promoviendo la formación de profesionales y la toma de concienciapor parte de la sociedad de la situación de desventaja de este colectivo
El estadio del espejo: antecedentes y fenomenología
No full textIn this paper about the mirror stage of Lacan, we expose its background and then we analyze the complex phenomena that occur in it. Although the author showed his theory to the scientific community in 1936, there were already precedents that came from biology, ethology, psychology, philosophy, and even the culture at the time. Thus, this contribution extends the psychoanalytic field with content derived from other disciplines. The mirror stage shows how the child goes through structuring experiences when confronted with his reflection in the mirror, and anticipates his body unit. This image becomes the matrix of the ego, which thereafter will show an alienated and illusory destination. The body is the main protagonist of this process, since in this founding moment the child solves the serious problem of “bodily fragmentation” to achieve an image of "totality".En este trabajo dedicado al estadio del espejo de Lacan, se exponen los antecedentes y luego se analizan los complejos fenómenos que se producen durante el mismo. Aunque el autor presenta su teoría a la comunidad científica en 1936, existían precedentes que provenían de la biología, la etología, la psicología, la filosofía e incluso la cultura de la época. Lacan realiza una síntesis admirable entre ellos y aporta al psicoanálisis contenidos de otras disciplinas, lo cual resulta completamente novedoso. El estadio del espejo muestra cómo el niño va a pasar por una serie de experiencias constituyentes cuando se enfrenta a su reflejo especular, anticipando la unidad corporal de la que carece. La imagen se convierte en la matriz del ego, que, a partir de entonces, va a mostrar un destino enajenado e ilusorio. El cuerpo es el protagonista de este proceso, ya que, en este momento fundacional, es cuando el niño resuelve el grave problema de la “fragmentación corporal” para alcanzar una imagen de "totalidad"
A vueltas con el autismo: Alberto Lasa Zulueta, El autismo: Una perspectiva integradora y psicodinámica
No full textNo conozco ningún libro sobre el autismo, en lengua castellana, que posea la profundidad y generosidad de miras que contiene este de Alberto Lasa. Y dudo que nadie lo conozca
Development and analysis of performance characteristics of a new type of external gear pump using curvilinear involute gears
No full textGünümüzde dıştan dişli pompaların kolay üretilebilir olması, üretim maliyetinin düşük olması, hidrolik sistemlere kolay entegre edilebilmesi, yüksek basınçlarda çalışabilmesi, viskozitesi yüksek akışkanları iletebilmesi ve geniş devir sayılarına sahip olmalarından dolayı endüstride kullanımı oldukça yaygındır. Bunun yanı sıra pompa gürültü seviyesi, pompa girişinde ani basınç düşüşünden kaynaklanan kavitasyon oluşumu, pompa elemanlarında zamanla meydana gelen aşınma ve ayrıca aşınmadan kaynaklanan ters akış oluşumu pompa performans ve ömrünün azalmasına yol açarak bu tip pompalar için dezavantaj olmuştur. Bu gibi dezavantajların giderilebilmesi için araştırmacılar birçok çalışma yapmışlardır ve halen bu çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında da literatürde yapılan çalışmalarla verimliliği kanıtlanmış fakat dıştan dişli pompalar için kullanılmamış eğrisel evolvent dişli çarkların kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda referans evolvent profil ve asimetrik evolvent profil dişililer, farklı eğrilik yarıçaplarında (R90-135-180-225) eğrisel evolvent profil olarak yeniden tasarlanmıştır. Yeni tip dıştan dişli pompa tasarımları geliştirilmiş, HAD analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, doğrulama deneyleri yapılmış ve pompa elemanlarının imalatı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca dişli çarkların imalatında kullanılan AISI 5140 malzemesi için farklı soğutma/yağlama koşulları altında işlenebilirlik deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve işlenebilirlik metriklerinin iyileştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda R180 eğrilik yarıçapına sahip profil diş ile tasarlanan dişli pompanın, referans olarak kullanılan düz dişli pompaya göre hidrolik çalışma performansı (hacimsel verim, akış dalgalanması ve kavitasyon durumu) iyileştirilmiştir. Ayrıca işlenebilirlik deneyleri için endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılmayan sıvılaştırılmış azotun, soğutma/yağlama koşullarında kullanılmasıyla AISI 5140 malzemesinin işlenebilirlik metriklerinde önemli gelişmeler sağlanmıştır.Today, external gear pumps are widely used in the industry due to their easy production, low production cost, easy integration into hydraulic systems, ability to operate at high pressures, transmitting fluids with high viscosity, and wide speed range. In addition, the noise level of the pump, the formation of cavitation caused by the sudden pressure drop at the pump inlet, the wear of the pump elements over time, as well as the reverse flow formation caused by the wear, have been a disadvantage for this type of pumps by reducing the pump performance and life. In order to eliminate such disadvantages, researchers have carried out many studies and these studies are still continuing. In this thesis, the use of curvilinear involute gears, whose efficiency has been proven by studies in the literature but not used for external gear pumps, were investigated. In this context, reference involute profile and asymmetrical involute profile gears were redesigned as curvilinear evolvent profiles with different radii of curvature (R90-135-180-225). New types of external gear pump designs were developed, CFD analysis were performed, validation experiments were carried out and pump components were manufactured. In addition, for the AISI 5140 material used in the manufacture of gears, machinability tests were carried out under different cooling/lubrication conditions and the machinability metrics were improved. As a result of the study, the gear pump designed with a profile tooth with a radius of curvature of R180, the hydraulic operating performance (volumetric efficiency, flow fluctuation and cavitation) was improved compared to the pump used as the reference gear pump with involute gear. In addition, significant improvements were achieved in the machinability metrics of AISI 5140 material by using liquid nitrogen, which is not widely used in the industry, for machinability tests under cooling/lubrication conditions
An alternative plant-based fermented milk with kefir culture using apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) seed extract: Changes in texture, volatiles and bioactivity during storage
No full textThe aim of the study was to produce kefir from apricot seed extract (ASE) as an alternative functional dairy food for vegans and lactose-intolerant people, the elderly, people with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Kefir was produced by using cow's milk (100%, as control) and 100% ASE, and cow's milk was mixed with 25%, 50% and 75% (v/v) with ASE for kefir production and the resultant kefir samples were stored at 4 degrees C for 21 days. In proportion to the level of ASE, more yellowish color, lower viscosity, firmness, consistency and TPA values were developed. Additionally, a higher syneresis was observed in kefir samples with increasing levels of ASE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory (ACE-i) and antioxidant activities increased with the increasing levels of ASE used in the kefir production. The levels of individual free amino acids significantly changed by use of ASE and some amino acids including Gln, Gly and Arg dramatically increased, while others decreased by increasing levels of the ASE. Relatively lower levels of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) were observed in the samples when compared to the free amino acids, and its concentration decreased by increasing levels of the ASE. The counts for yeasts, lactobacilli and lactococci increased with addition of ASE. Qualitative and quantitative differences were seen in volatile composition of kefir with the addition of ASE and acceptable sensory scores were obtained for all samples during storage. Concentrations of carboxylic acids decreased with increasing levels of ASE in kefir formula; however, the levels of alcohols and aldehydes increased. In conclusion, ASE can be considered in the formulation of fermented milk products or used purely in the production of plant-based fermented non-dairy beverages.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; TEYDEB-1505 projects) [5190021]; Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) [FBG-2019-1728]; Toska Agricultural Products (Malatya, Turkey)The authors are grateful for the financial support, in part, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; TEYDEB-1505 projects with grant number 5190021) , Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP, project no: FBG-2019-1728) and Toska Agricultural Products (Malatya, Turkey)
Determination of ATP and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements by capillary electrophoresis
No full textThis study aimed to develop a simple and fast capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the simultaneous determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements. Reverse polarity separation mode for faster separation of the three strong negatively charged analytes and capillaries with a 25 mu m inner diameter was employed. At -433 V/cm field strength at background electrolyte (BGE) consist with 0.1 M tris-HCl, 0.5 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TTAC) as positively charged surfactant and 0.3 mg/mL hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to reduce the electroosmotic flow (EOF), a complete separation of the three species were achieved in less than 15 minutes. The data acquisition was conducted at a wavelength of 254 nm. Three different commercialised dietary energy supplements were analysed.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [1059B191500840]This research was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, as part of project no. 1059B191500840. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Susan Lunte at Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry (Lawrence, Kansas, USA) for giving me the opportunity to access the laboratory and all research facilities. I would also like to thank Dr. Shamal M. Gunawardhana who contributed the experiments
ORTAÖĞRETİM ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN KAYNAŞTIRMA EĞİTİMİNE İLİŞKİN DÜŞÜNCE, ENDİŞE VE TUTUMLARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, ortaöğretim kademesinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin kaynaştırma eğitimine ilişkin düşünce, endişe ve tutumlarını belirlemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2021–2022 öğretim yılında Malatya ili Battalgazi ve Yeşilyurt ilçelerindeki ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapmakta olan 530 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kaynaştırma eğitimi ile ilgili düşünce, tutum ve endişe ölçeği” Loreman, Earle, Sharma ve Forlin’in (2007) geliştirdikleri “Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns About Inclusive Education (SACIE)” ölçeğinin Cansız ve Cansız (2018) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanmış hali olan 19 maddelik ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler bilgisayar paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel istatistiklerden aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, yüzde ve frekansın yanında ikili karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız gruplar t testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerin kaynaştırma eğitimine ilişkin olumlu tutumlara sahip oldukları, bu konuda eğitim almak istedikleri, öğretmenlerin bakanlığın kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin eğitimine yönelik çalışmalarına yeterince erişemedikleri gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada bakanlığın kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik etkinliklerini daha çok öğretmenin katılımını sağlaması, öğretmenlerin yüksek lisans yapmaları teşvik edilmeli, öğretmenlerin kaynaştırma öğrencilerine yönelik var olan endişelerinin giderilmesi konusunda çeşitli eylemlerin planlanması gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur
Evaluation of the ethics perception of academics in Inonu University faculty of medicine
No full textThis research was carried out to evaluate the ethics perception of academics working at İnönü University Faculty of Medicine. This is a descriptive study. The universe of the research consisted of 440 academics (Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors, and Research Assistants) working at Malatya İnönü University Faculty of Medicine. The sample size of the study was determined as 120 using power analysis. In total, 123 individuals were reached. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews with academics between July and October 2021, using the Personal Information Form and the Academic Ethics Scale. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, the Levene test, the Mann Whitney Test, ANOVA, the Duncan test, and the Kruskal Wallis test were used. Any p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was found that 47.2% of the participants were research assistants, 50.4% worked for more than 5 years, 34.1% were between the ages of 31 and 40 years, 65% had clinical experience, 74% had national publications, 73.2% of them had sufficient knowledge about academic ethics (per their statements), 69.9% of them would notify authorities in case of unethical behavior, and 14.6% of them faced ethical violations. The participants' average perception of ethical values was 196.76 ± 16.27 [max: 260; Min: 155]. It was found that there was no significant difference between the ethical perception of the academics working at İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, and gender and the types of ethical violations faced. However, when age, clinical experience, and tenure were grouped under the Academic Ethical Values Scale sub-dimensions, there were significant differences. It was also determined that there were significant differences between the status of complaining about unethical behavior, title, knowledge about academic ethics, and having a national/international publication
La medicalización del malestar en la mujer. Una valoración crítica
No full textLa fisiología de la mujer ha sido históricamente asociada a la enfermedad mental, dando como resultado una visión biologicista, androcéntrica y patriarcal de la locura y, en consecuencia, a prácticas clínicas desiguales. Actualmente, se siguen reproduciendo estas desigualdades, viéndose reflejado en el mayor número de diagnósticos de trastorno mental en mujeres y la mayor prescripción de psicofármacos a estas. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una valoración crítica sobre la estructura que sostiene los constructos en salud mental. Para ello, partimos de los antecedentes históricos con el fin de entender el legado patriarcal en el ámbito de la medicina, en concreto en la salud mental, para acabar haciendo un repaso de los sesgos sexistas que existen en dicho campo. Por último, se concluye la necesidad de que exista un cambio de paradigma que ponga de manifiesto los condicionantes de género que existen y que puedan explicar esta alta prevalencia de trastorno mental y mayor prescripción de psicofármacos en la mujer
Suicidios en prisión: algunas tareas pendientes
No full textEn la actualidad el suicidio es un auténtico problema de salud pública a nivelmundial y la primera causa de muerte no natural en España. Sin pretender una investigaciónexhaustiva sobre el tema, que excedería los límites de este artículo, se realiza unarevisión general del concepto y un breve análisis crítico del modo en el que se recopilanlos datos: se trata de un fenómeno infravalorado y es necesario mejorar la fiabilidad de lascifras manejadas. Tras recopilar la información oficial sobre el suicidio en la población penitenciariaespañola, con una tasa significativamente superior a la de la población general, serecogen los factores de riesgo y de protección a tener en cuenta para mejorar las políticaspreventivas. Se cierra la exposición con un inventario de buenas prácticas que la InstituciónPenitenciaria no solo debe incorporar al Programa Marco de Prevención de Suicidios, sinotambién velar por su cumplimiento efectivo; para ello es imprescindible la detección precozy la coordinación de los profesionales penitenciarios con la Red Sanitaria Pública