Repositorio de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
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Rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad
No full textBackground. There are few studies linking personality and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents. Research objective: to study differences between cases with ADHD and the general population in personality prototypes (PRP) derived from the Millon Clinical Inventory for Adolescents (MACI). Material and Method. Analytical observational design. Random sampling in the general population (n = 461) and consecutive of patients with ADHD evaluated according to DSM-5 criteria (n = 85), in adolescents between 13 and 17 years old. Measurement instruments: MACI and Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Results: ADHD presents a significantly higher mean in Doleful, Forceful, Unruly, Oppositional, Self-demeaning and Borderline PRP and the general population in Submissive and Conforming PRP. The PRP model that best predicts ADHD includes male sex and the Forceful, Borderline, Submissive and Self-demeaning PRP. The model classifies 82.4% of the cases. Conclusion. ADHD cases have differential PRP in comparison with the general population, which invites their clinical study and therapeutic intervention. The study offers a novel image of PRP in ADHD and opens new lines of research that include personality when explaining the heterogeneity of the disorder.Antecedentes. Existen pocos estudios que relacionen personalidad y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en adolescentes. Objetivo: estudiar diferencias entre casos con TDAH y población general en prototipos de personalidad (PRP) derivados del Inventario clínico para adolescentes de Millon (MACI). Material y Método: Diseño observacional analítico. Muestreo aleatorio en población general (n = 461) y consecutivo de pacientes con TDAH valorados según criterios DSM-5 (n = 85), en adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años. Instrumentos de medida: MACI y Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Resultados: los PRP Pesimista, Rudo, Rebelde, Oposicionista, Autopunitivo y Límite presentan una media significativamente mayor en TDAH y los PRP Sumiso y Conformista, en población general. El modelo de PRP que mejor predice TDAH está conformado por tener sexo masculino y los PRP Rudo, Límite, Sumiso y Autopunitivo, clasificando el 82.4% de los casos. Conclusión: Los casos de TDAH tienen PRP diferenciales con la población general que invitan a su estudio clínico e intervención terapéutica. El estudio ofrece una imagen novedosa de los PRP en casos de TDAH y abre nuevos caminos de investigación que incluyan la personalidad al explicar la heterogeneidad del trastorno
Validez y pertinencia de la semiología de las psicosis en Castilla del Pino
No full textIn recent decades, psychopathology and, with it, psychiatric semiology have been replaced by the predominant nosographies (ICD and DSM). In contrast, there are alternative models that offer explanations of human behavior in the relational context. One of them, the Castilla del Pino´s Modelo Judicativo de Conducta, is a valid tool to establish the criteria that behaviors classified as psychotic must meet. The fundamental concepts of this model are described to objectify the psychotic formations, capture the symptoms, differentiate them, and establish their validity in the diagnosis of behaviors considered as psychotic, as well as in the previous states and in the deconstruction. Aspects in need of updating and development are made explicit and correlations with concepts from other theoretical fields, such as, semiological levels, metaphor-metonymy, salience, aberrant salience and hyperreflexivity, are examined.En las últimas décadas, la psicopatología y, con ella, la semiología psiquiátrica han sido sustituidas por las nosografías predominantes (CIE y DSM). En contraposición, existen modelos alternativos que ofrecen explicaciones de la conducta humana en el contexto relacional. Uno de ellos, el Modelo Judicativo de la Conducta, de Castilla del Pino, supone una herramienta válida para establecer los criterios que deben cumplir los actos de conducta calificados de psicóticos. En este artículo se describen los conceptos fundamentales de este modelo con el fin de objetivar las formaciones psicóticas, capturar los síntomas, diferenciarlos y establecer su validez en el diagnóstico de las conductas consideradas psicóticas, así como en los estados previos y en la deconstrucción. Se explicitan los aspectos necesitados de actualización y desarrollo, y se correlacionan conceptos de otros campos teóricos: niveles semiológicos, metáfora-metonimia, saliencia, saliencia aberrante e hiperreflexividad
Promoviendo alternativas de cambio al modelo biomédico en la comprensión, intervención y diseños de servicios de salud mental (MPAS)
No full textMary BOYLE, Lucy JOHNSTONE (2023). Una introducción directa al Marco de Poder, Amenaza y Significado. Una alternativa al diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Madrid: Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría. ISBN: 978-84-95287-61-8, 278 páginas.Traducción de Miguel Ángel Valverde Eizaguirre
Epistemologías del sur: memoria e historia social de la psiquiatría chilena. La experiencia comunitaria de Temuco
No full textRosa TORRES, Claudia ARAYA (2023). Psiquiatría comunitaria en el sur de Chile: Temuco y Nueva Imperial, 1968-1973. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Escaparate (Colección “Historia política y social de la ciencia”). ISBN: 978-956-394-099-2, 203 páginas
TASL Practice Guidance on the Clinical Assessment and Management of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
No full textNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease and is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, and the proportion of NAFLD-related cirrhosis among patients on liver transplantation waiting lists has increased. In light of the accumulated data about NAFLD, and to provide a common approach with multi-disciplines dealing with the subject, it has become necessary to create new guidance for diagnosing and treating NAFLD. This guidance was prepared following an interdisciplinary study under the leadership of the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL), Fatty Liver Special Interest Group. This new TASL Guidance is a practical application guide on NAFLD and was prepared to standardize the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating NAFLD patients. This guidance reflects many advances in the field of NAFLD. The proposals in this guidance are meant to aid decision-making in clinical practice. The guidance is primarily intended for gastroenterology, endocrinology, metabolism diseases, cardiology, internal medicine, pediatric specialists, and family medicine specialists
The value attributed to women in Alevism and the changing roles of women in the process
No full textAlevîlik kurumsallaşmasını Hacı Bektaş Veli ile sağlayan, yedi ozan ve yollarına hizmet eden diğer büyüklerinin deyişleri ile nefes bulan ve kendine has ritüelleri olan sentezi bir inançtır. On asır gibi uzun bir geçmişe sahip olan Alevîliğin tarihi temelleri ve gelişim süreci çok net değildir. Bunun sonucu olarak da farklı bakış açıları ve farklı Alevî uygulamaları ortaya çıkmıştır. Alevî geleneğinde, kendisine İslâm'ı referans alan Sünnî görüşten farklı olarak eski Türklerdeki örf adet ve inanışların da etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu etki Anadolu Alevîleri'nin İslâmiyet'i kabullerinden sonra da inanç ve kültür hayatına yön vermiştir. Nihayetinde Alevîler, İslâmî kabullerinin yanı sıra eski kültür ve inanışlarını da harmanlayarak öğretilerini oluşturmuşlardır. Öğretilerinin merkezde olduğu geleneksel yapı içinde, merkezden uzak, daha çok kırsal alanlarda varlığını devam ettirmeye çalışan Alevîler için 1950'li yıllar değişim ve dönüşümün başlangıcı olmuştur. Üzerlerinde merkezi otoritenin baskısı olmadan, kendi içerisinde samimi ama dışarıya karşı mesafeli olarak yaşayan Alevîler, kent merkezlerine yaptıkları göçlerle Alevî modernizmine kapı aralamışlardır. Artık Alevî öğretisi ile pratikler arasındaki uyumun izlenebileceği yerler kent merkezleri olmuştur. Özellikle Alevî kadınının, çok da alışık olmadığı kent ortamına uyum süreci, yeni toplum içerisinde ona yüklenen rollerle birlikte erkeğe karşı konumunun ne olduğu merak konusu olmuştur. Çünkü Alevî öğretisi denilince akla gelen konulardan birisi şüphesiz kadının Alevî inancındaki yeridir. Alevî inanç ve deyişlerinde herhangi bir şekilde kadın-erkek ayrımına rastlanmamaktadır. Aksine Alevîlikte 'kadın' söz konusu olduğunda bu eşitsizlik yerini daha makul bir görüşe bırakmaktadır. Alevî öğretisinde ana, bacı ve eş gibi hitaplarla karşımızda duran kadın toplumsal hayatta, bütün canlar karşısında ana, kocasının huzurunda eş ve eşinin haricindekilerle de kardeş olarak kabul edilmektedir. Alevîlikle ilgili kaynaklar irdelendiğinde kadınların erkeklerle eşit haklara sahip olduğu, kutsal kabul edilen Cem törenindeki hizmetlerin kadınlı erkekli beraber icrâ edildiği görülmektedir. Yine aynı şekilde Alevîlikte tek eşlilik esas olduğu için boşanmanın düşkünlük sebebi olduğu, miras taksiminde kadın erkek arasında ayrım yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Alevîlikteki kadın ve erkeğe dair mevzu bahis olan bu kuralların eski Türk inanışlarıyla olan benzerliği ise gözlerden kaçmamaktadır. Öğretideki kadın ve erkeğin eşit haklara sahip olduğu iddiası çoğu araştırmacının dikkatini çekmiş, özellikle bu konu feminist araştırmacılar tarafından eleştirel bir bakışla ele alınmıştır. Araştırmalar sonucunda, Alevîlikte kadına verilen bu payenin, inananları arasında zaman, mekân ve kişilere bağlı olarak daralıp genişleyebildiği görülmüştür. Diğer bir sonuç, aslında görünürdeki eşitliğe rağmen Alevî kadınının ataerkil anlayıştan tamamen bağımsız ve her zeminde erkek ile eşit olmadığı vurgulanmak istenmiştir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında günümüz Alevî topluluklarında önemini koruyan 'dedelik' makamının neredeyse çoğunluğunun erkekler tarafından temsil ediliyor olması, Alevî önderlerine bakıldığında kadınların yok denecek kadar az olması da bu tezleri güçlendirmektedir. Burada dikkat edilmesi ve belki de vazgeçilmesi gereken en önemli husus; ister günlük yaşamda isterse ritüellerinin icrâsında olsun, Alevî kadınını Sünnî kadınla kıyas yaparak, Alevî kadınının modern toplum içerisindeki yerini tayin etme çabalarının doğru olmadığıdır. Bu yöntem, gerçeği yansıtmadığı gibi Alevî kadınının ataerkillikten kaynaklanan sıkıntılarına da deva olmayacaktır. Konuya ışık tutabilmesi için gerek literatür gerekse alan araştırmalarının artması önem arz etmektedir.Alevîsm is a synthesized faith that provides its institutionalization with Hacı Bektaş Veli, finds breath with the sayings of seven poets and other elders who serve their ways, and has its own rituals. The historical foundations and development process of Alevîsm, which has a long history of about ten centuries, are not very clear. As a result of this, different perspectives and different Alevî practices have emerged. It is known that in the Alevî tradition, unlike the Sunni view that refers to Islam, the customs and beliefs of the ancient Turks are also influenced. This effect has guided the faith and cultural life of the Anatolian Alevîs even after their acceptance of Islam. Ultimately, Alevîs have formed their teachings by blending their ancient culture and beliefs in addition to their Islamic beliefs. The 1950s were the beginning of change and transformation for the Alevîs, who tried to maintain their existence in the traditional structure where their teachings were at the center, away from the center, mostly in rural areas. Alevîs, who live sincerely within themselves but distantly from the outside without the pressure of the central authority on them, have opened the door to Alevî modernism with their migrations to urban centers. Now the places where the harmony between Alevî teaching and practices can be monitored have become urban centers. Dec. In particular, the process of adaptation of the Alevî woman to the urban environment, to which she is very accustomed, along with the roles assigned to her in the new society, has become a matter of curiosity as to what her position is towards men. Because one of the issues that comes to mind when it comes to the Alevî teaching is undoubtedly the place of a woman in the Alevî faith. There is no distinction between men and women in any way in Alevî beliefs and sayings. On the contrary, when it comes to 'women' in Alevîsm, this inequality leaves its place to a more reasonable view. In Alevî teaching, the woman who stands before us with addresses such as mother, sister and wife is accepted as a mother in public life in front of all souls, as a wife in the presence of her husband, and as a sister with those other than her husband. When the sources related to Alevîsm are examined, it is seen that women have equal rights with men, and the services at the Cem ceremony, which are considered sacred, are performed by men and women. In the same way, it has been determined that divorce is a reason for Decadence, since monogamy is the basis in Alevîsm, and there is no distinction between men and women in the division of inheritance. The similarity of these rules, which are related to men and women in Alevîsm, with ancient Turkish beliefs, is not lost sight of. The claim that men and women have equal rights in teaching has attracted the attention of most researchers, especially this issue has been addressed with a critical view by feminist researchers. As a result of research, it has been seen that this Decrement given to women in Alevîsm can narrow and expand among its believers depending on time, place and people. Another conclusion is that in fact, despite the apparent equality, it was wanted to emphasize that the Alevî woman is completely independent of the patriarchal understanding and is not equal to the man on all grounds. From this point of view, the fact that almost the majority of the 'grandfather' position, which retains its importance in today's Alevî communities, is represented by men, and when looking at the Alevî leaders, there are almost no women strengthens these theses. The most important issue that should be considered and perhaps abandoned here is that it is not right to try to determine the place of the Alevî woman in modern society by comparing her with the Sunni woman, whether in daily life or in the performance of rituals. Just as this method does not reflect the reality, it will not cure the problems of the Alevî woman caused by patriarchy. In order to shed light on the subject, it is important to increase both literature and field research
Determination of citizens' satisfaction levels with local government services: The case of Elazığ Municipality
No full textBu çalışmada Elazığ il merkezinde ikamet eden halkın Elazığ Belediyesinin sunduğu hizmetlerin yeterliliği ve hizmetlerden ne ölçüde memnun olduklarının tespit edilebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Elâzığ il merkezinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri vatandaşlar oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada kolayda örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri anket yöntemiyle toplanmış ve çalışma 403 vatandaşla yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankete katılanların %69'u erkek, %31'i kadın vatandaşlardır. Verilerin tasnif ve analizinde SPSS for Windows 26.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde, frekans, t-testi, ANOVA güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik analizleri yapılmıştır. Belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyet, vatandaşların cinsiyet düzeyine ilişkin üç ifadede (kaçak yapılaşma, şehir- çevre temizliği ve cenaze- defin hizmetleri) farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyet, vatandaşların yaş değişkeni düzeyine ilişkin beş ifadede ( kaçak yapılaşma, belediye hizmetlerinin dağıtımı, belediyenin halka yönelik faaliyetlerinin tanıtımı, kütüphane- müze hizmetleri, cenaze-defin hizmetleri) farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyet, vatandaşların eğitim durumu değişkeni düzeyine ilişkin on dört ifadede ( belediyenin engelli vatandaşlara sağladığı hizmetler, halka açık spor tesislerinin yeterliliği, kültür sanat etkinlikleri, tarihi eser onarımı, spora ve sporcuya verdiği destek, festival vb.) farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyet, vatandaşların gelir durumunda ise beş ifadede (fiyatlar konusunda esnaf denetimleri, çöp toplama hizmetlerinin yeterliliği, sokak hayvanları ile ilgili hizmetler, personelin bilgi- becerisinin yeterliliği ve Elazığ Belediyesinin hizmetlerinden genel olarak memnun olunması) farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Gelecek yıllarda yerel yönetim hizmetlerinin pazarlanması konusunda çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılar yıllar düzeyinde karşılaştırmalı araştırmalar yapabilirler.In this study, it is aimed to determine the adequacy of the services provided by the Elazig Municipality and the extent to which the people residing in the city center of Elazig are satisfied with the services. The sample of the research consists of citizens aged 18 and over living in the city center of Elâzığ. Simple random sampling was used in the study. The data of the research was collected by questionnaire method and the study was carried out face to face with 403 citizens. 69% of the respondents are male and 31% are female citizens. SPSS for Windows 26.0 package program was used in the classification and analysis of the data. Frequency, t-test, ANOVA, reliability and validity analyzes were performed in the analyses. Satisfaction with municipal services is expressed in three expressions related to the gender level of citizens (illegal construction, city-environmental cleaning and funeral-burial services). Satisfaction with municipal services, five expressions related to the age variable level of citizens (illegal construction, distribution of municipal services, promotion of the activities of the municipality for the public, library-museum services, funeral-burial services) were found to be different. A difference was found in fourteen expressions (services provided by the municipality to disabled citizens, adequacy of public sports facilities, cultural and artistic activities, restoration of historical artifacts, support for sports and athletes, festivals, etc.) regarding the level of satisfaction with municipal services and the level of education level of citizens. Satisfaction with municipal services is in five statements (inspections of artisans on prices, adequacy of garbage collection services, services related to stray animals, the adequacy of the knowledge and skills of the personnel and general satisfaction with the services of Elazig Municipality) were determined. Researchers who want to work on the marketing of local government services in the coming years can conduct comparative studies at the level of years
The effect of the pandemic on the professional values of nurses in Turkiye: a phenomenological approach
No full textObjectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare professionals as well as all sectors of society. Nurses working in close contact with patients were particularly affected during this process, and it is important to reveal its effects on the professional values of nurses. This study aims to explore the effect of the pandemic on the professional values of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological research method was used in the study. The research was conducted with 20 nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care units of different provinces of Turkiye. A semi -structured interview form prepared based on the literature was used to collect the data, which were obtained by the researchers through face-to-face interviews.Results: In this study, five categories with themes and subthemes emerged: (1) the professional values of nurses during the pandemic; (2) the impact of the pandemic on professional values; (3) the emotional state of nurses regarding the pandemic process; (4) the support factors of nurses in the pandemic process; and (5) the expectations of nurses. It was revealed that the professional values of nurses were affected during the pandemic process. The situations that made nurses feel bad, weak, good, and strong during the pandemic process and what their expectations were determined. Conclusion: In our study, we found that nurses managed to preserve their professional values even when they worked under difficult conditions during the pandemic. They have shown that they have an important role in the health army during the pandemic process with the values they maintain by strengthening the opposite without losing. It is impor-tant to transfer the experiences of nurses during the pandemic to the new generation of nurses and conduct training to maintain professional values