97828 research outputs found
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Beneficios de un programa de ejercicio físico online en streaming dirigido y supervisado en pacientes con cáncer de mama durante el tratamiento oncológico: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado
No full textCompendi d'articlesEl ejercicio físico especializado y supervisado es eficaz para mejorar la calidad de vida (QoL) y el estado físico en pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento activo. Este estudio evaluó el impacto de programas de ejercicio en línea y presenciales sobre la QoL, la adherencia y la condición física en mujeres con cáncer de mama, en comparación con recomendaciones generales de ejercicio sin supervisión. Mediante un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, se compararon dos grupos: ejercicio en línea supervisado en el domicilio, y un grupo de recomendaciones generales sin supervisión. Los programas supervisados consistieron en sesiones de 60 minutos de ejercicio combinado (fuerza y aeróbico) durante 24 semanas. Los resultados demostraron mejoras significativas en la QoL y la condición física en el grupo con intervención, así como una mayor adherencia al ejercicio en el grupo en línea. Los participantes reportaron beneficios en síntomas como fatiga, náuseas y apetito, además de mejoras en autoestima y empoderamiento. No se observaron cambios significativos en la composición corporal entre los grupos. Este estudio destaca que tanto el ejercicio en línea como el presencial son estrategias viables y efectivas para optimizar la QoL en pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento activo, incluso en contextos como la pandemia de COVID-19.Specialized, supervised physical exercise is effective in improving quality of life (QoL) and physical fitness in breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment. This study evaluated the impact of online and in-person exercise programs on QoL, adherence, and phy- sical fitness in women with breast cancer, compared with general, unsupervised exercise re- commendations. Using a randomized clinical trial, two groups were compared: supervised online exercise at home, and a general, unsupervised recommendation group. The supervi- sed programs consisted of 60-minute sessions of combined exercise (resistance and aerobic) for 24 weeks. The results demonstrated significant improvements in QoL and physical fitness in the intervention group, as well as greater exercise adherence in the online group. Partici- pants reported benefits in symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and appetite, as well as impro- vements in self-esteem and empowerment. No significant changes in body composition were observed between the groups. This study highlights that both online and in-person exercise are viable and effective strategies to optimize QoL in breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment, even in contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Biomèdiques i Salu
Análisis de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en un hospital de alta complejidad en Chile
No full textCompendi d'articlesObjetivo. Analizar la cultura de la seguridad del paciente en un hospital de alta complejidad de Chile. Estudio I. Traducción y adaptación cultural cuestionario HSOPS 2.0, análisis de validez y confiabilidad con muestra 259 profesionales enfermería. Versión adaptada con excelente validez de contenido y con análisis factorial se propuso un modelo con 7 dimensiones y 23 preguntas. Estudio II. Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, aplicando HSOPS 2.0 adaptado a Chile. Se recolectaron datos 259 enfermeros y técnicos en enfermería, muestreo por conveniencia. Dimensión mejor evaluada: comunicación y receptividad y la peor: apoyo administrativo a la seguridad del paciente. Estudio III. Caso práctico, derivado de validación HSOPS 2.0 Chile, muestra 12 enfermeras expertas en calidad y seguridad del paciente. Se compararon cinco técnicas: Lawshe, Lawshe-Tristán, Lynn, Polit & Beck y Hernández Nieto. Método de Polit & Beck riguroso y mejor justificado matemáticamente, se recomienda Hernández Nieto para validar múltiples características.Objective: To analyze the patient safety culture in a high-complexity hospital in Chile. Study I: Translation and cultural adaptation of the HSOPS 2.0 questionnaire, including validity and reliability analysis. An adapted version with excellent content validity and favorable factor analysis results was developed. A model with 7 dimensions and 23 questions was proposed. Study II: A cross-sectional, quantitative study applying the HSOPS 2.0 Chile questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used to include 259 nurses and nursing technicians. The highest-rated dimension was communication and receptivity, while the lowest was administrative support for patient safety. Study III: A case study derived from validating the HSOPS 2.0 Chile questionnaire, using a sample of 12 nurses specializing in quality and patient safety. Five techniques were compared. The Polit & Beck method was found to be the most rigorous and mathematically well-justified. The Hernández Nieto method is recommended for validating multiple characteristics.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Exploring political orientation: a comparative analysis of news media and government responses to the Russia-Ukraine conflict
No full textOn February 24, 2022, the Russian government launched a “special military operation," triggering the Ukraine-Russia conflict. In response, the United States government condemned Russia’s actions and continued to provide economic and military support to Ukraine. However, within U.S. society, policy perspectives on Ukraine varied depending on political orientation. To analyze these differences, we collected news articles produced by U.S. media outlets and examined the distinctions between conservative and progressive sources. For the analysis, we used a word-frequency-based psycholinguistic analysis tool to construct seven word categories. Subsequently, we developed a classification model based on the collected articles and applied it to categorize official government documents according to their political orientation. The model classified 291 documents, identifying 64 as conservative and 227 as progressive. Additionally, we employed topic modeling to measure the similarity between conservative and progressive media. Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD), we found that government documents exhibited a greater similarity to conservative media sources. Furthermore, we analyzed the implicit intentions embedded within official government documents. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using computational methods to measure political orientation in texts produced by news media and government sources regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict
L’estil Second Line com a eina educativa: Una situació d’aprenentatge per a 3r curs de l’ESO basada en la cultura de Nova Orleans
No full textMàster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi: SAP709. Curs acadèmic: 2024-2025Aquest treball final de màster presenta una situació d’aprenentatge per a l’assignatura de Música de 3r d’ESO, centrada en l’estil Second Line i la cultura musical de Nova Orleans. La proposta didàctica titulada “Viatgem a Nova Orleans: música, ritme i comunitat a l’estil Second Line” s’ha dissenyat d’acord amb el nou currículum competencial (LOMLOE). Consta de nou sessions que combinen audicions actives, percussió corporal, interpretació instrumental, improvisació, dansa i creació col·lectiva, tot recreant l’ambient festiu de les desfilades de Nova Orleans. Es treballen de manera interdisciplinària competències artístiques, culturals i cíviques, promovent la cooperació, la diversitat i la participació activa de l’alumnat.This master’s thesis presents a learning situation for the subject of Music in the 9th grade of Secondary Education (ESO), focused on the Second Line style and the musical culture of New Orleans. The teaching proposal, entitled “Travelling to New Orleans: Music, Rhythm, and Community in the Second Line Style”, has been designed in accordance with the new competency-based curriculum (LOMLOE). It comprises nine sessions that integrate active listening, body percussion, instrumental performance, improvisation, dance, and collective creation, while recreating the festive atmosphere of New Orleans parades. The project addresses artistic, cultural, and civic competences in an
interdisciplinary manner, fostering cooperation, diversity, and the active participation of students
Vigor-inducing effects of dopamine transport (DAT) blockers: studies using different types of behavioral activation and effort-based decision-making tasks in rodents.
No full textDoctorat internacionalDopamine transporter (DAT) blockers increase dopamine (DA) availability by inhibiting reuptake, enhancing dopaminergic activity, and are being explored as treatments for motivational deficits in psychiatric and neurological conditions. The mesolimbic DA system, particularly the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway, regulates motivation and effort-based decision-making. Dysfunction in this pathway is linked to symptoms like anergia and fatigue, common in depression, which often resist treatment. This thesis focuses on developing and validating mice models to study effort-related behaviors and test novel DAT blockers. Chapter 1 explores decision-making under varying reinforcer and effort conditions, adapting rat paradigms for mice. Chapter 2 validates these models using bupropion and examines the role of CDNF in motivation. Chapter 3 assesses new DAT inhibitors (CE-123, CE-158, MK-26) compared to modafinil and cocaine, analyzing their effects on anxiety and locomotion. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DAT blockers for addressing motivational dysfunctions.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Biomèdiques i Salu
Study and development of low-GWP mixtures for commercial condensing units and ultra-low temperature systems
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalThis PhD thesis develops low- or negligible-GWP refrigerant mixtures to improve energy efficiency and reduce refrigerants’ GWP in two key areas: medium-capacity CO2 systems and ultra-low temperature (ULT) autocascade systems. For CO2 systems, small additions of secondary refrigerants enhance energy performance. Experimentally, the mixture CO2/R152a achieved up to 11.2% COP improvement in basic cycle, whereas with advanced configurations the improvements were around 3%. With parallel compression cycle, new separation phenomena are unveiled. In the ULT segment, the thesis presents the first full thermodynamic analysis of an autocascade system using a novel calculation method based on liquid density. The optimal mixture (R600a/R1150 [70/30%]) and system enhancements, such as a capillary optimization, compressor replacement and recuperative low-temperature heat exchanger, increased COP from 0.144 to 0.338. Overall, this work proposes efficient, lower-impact alternatives to high-GWP refrigerants in two critical application segments.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies Industrials i Material
How does the work context impact us throughout life? A multilevel approach to the interaction between work context and age
No full textThe aging population presents a demographic challenge that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. This demographic shift is also transforming the work domain. The age range within teams and organizations is broadening, resulting in increased diversity in experience, cultural values, strengths, and vulnerabilities that creates complex work scenarios that can affect organizational outcomes and workers’ well-being. Work and organizational researchers have contributed to disclose this challenge primarily by adopting a lifespan developmental approach, yielding valuable insights into the relationships between aging and work. However, research indicates that age alone, along with its associated changes, is not a sufficient explanation for these phenomena and additional factors must be considered. Particularly, there is a necessity of further research on the effects of work environment, as individuals’ lifespan changes that impact work-related outcomes, might be more or less adaptive depending on the work context. This dissertation aims to provide empirical evidence of cross-level interactive effects between age and teams' contextual features that might impact key work outcomes related to well-being and performance. Specifically, three contextual dimensions are studied in relation to age: first, teams' age diversity; second, contextual emotional job demands; and third, contextual role ambiguity. These interactions are examined in relation to three respective work outcomes: work performance, engagement, and burnout.Programa de Doctorat en Psicologi
Hacia una audiodescripción inmersiva. Estudio descriptivo, comparativo, multimodal y de recepción experimental sobre la objetividad y subjetividad en audiodescripción
No full textDoctorat internacionalEsta tesis doctoral aborda la posibilidad de proporcionar una audiodescripción (AD) más inmersiva mediante la combinación de descripciones objetivas y subjetivas. Para ello, la investigación se articula en dos partes: una primera fase descriptiva y una segunda fase experimental. En la primera fase descriptiva se compila un corpus de AD para detallar qué sistemas de signos, modos o códigos de significación configuran los guiones audiodescriptivos (GAD). Según los primeros datos descriptivos, los GAD se componen de cuatro fuentes de información: el movimiento, la iconografía, los cambios espaciotemporales y los elementos gráficos. A partir de estos datos, la fase descriptiva busca también identificar si las AD del corpus son objetivas o subjetivas. Los resultados descriptivos indican que en las AD coexiste información objetiva y subjetiva. A continuación, en la fase experimental se busca, en primer lugar, analizar los patrones de atención de personas normovidentes mediante un dispositivo de seguimiento ocular o eye-tracker con el objetivo de proponer un GAD experimental alternativo. De acuerdo con los resultados, los sistemas de signos o códigos que detecta el eye-tracker son los mismos que los del corpus de AD. Sin embargo, parece existir un sesgo de atención sistemático: los cambios espaciotemporales son la fuente de información que más veces atrae la mirada de los participantes, seguida del movimiento, la iconografía, y, por último, los elementos textuales. Finalmente, la fase experimental utiliza un sensor de ritmo cardíaco con personas con deficiencias visuales para analizar la combinación de descripciones objetivas y subjetivas que resulta más inmersiva para los usuarios. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se propone que una AD inmersiva es posible mediante la descripción objetiva de los elementos gráficos, la descripción subjetiva de los cambios espaciotemporales, y una descripción tanto objetiva como subjetiva del movimiento y la iconografía.This doctoral thesis addresses the possibility of providing a more immersive audio description (AD) by combining objective and subjective descriptions. To this end, the research is structured into two parts: a first descriptive phase and a second experimental phase. In the first descriptive phase, an AD corpus is compiled to detail what sign systems, modes, or meaning codes configurate AD scripts. According to the initial descriptive data, AD mainly relies on four sources of information: movement, iconography, spatiotemporal changes, and graphic elements. Based on this data, the descriptive phase also aims to identify whether ADs are objective or subjective in the corpus. The descriptive results indicate that objectivity and subjectivity coexist in ADs. Subsequently, in the experimental phase, the first goal is to analyze sighted participants’ attention patterns recorded using an eye-tracking device in order to propose an alternative experimental AD script. According to the results, the sign systems or meaning codes detected by the eye-tracker are the same as those identified in the AD corpus. However, there appears to be a systematic attention bias: spatiotemporal changes attract participants’ gaze most frequently, followed by movement, iconography, and lastly, textual elements on screen. Finally, the experimental phase employs a heart rate sensor on partially sighted participants to analyze which combination of objective and subjective descriptions results in a more immersive experience for users. Based on the results, it is proposed that an immersive AD is possible through the objective description of graphic elements, the subjective description of spatiotemporal changes, and a combination of both objective and subjective descriptions of movement and iconography.Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducci
Lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia: lesiones por presión y lesiones por fricción y la relación con el uso de cambios posturales y sujeciones físicas
No full textIntroducción: Las lesiones son frecuentes en personas mayores y, con una población cada vez más envejecida, un aumento del uso de sujeciones físicas y una elevada prevalencia de lesiones por dependencia junto con la baja investigación sobre el uso de cambios posturales hacen necesario un aumento de investigación en este campo. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación entre el uso de sujeciones físicas, los cambios posturales, y el uso de superficies de apoyo en la prevención de lesiones por dependencia en personas mayores. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal que ha sido realizado en cuatro centros sociosanitarios de la provincia de Castellón. Para las variables cuantitativas comparadas con variables cualitativas se utilizó el test para muestras no paramétricas y la regresión logística. Para las variables cualitativas se realizaron comparaciones mediante tablas de frecuencia, el test chi cuadrado, incidencias, tablas de contingencia, Odds Ratio (OR) y la Razón de Prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Algunos resultados relevantes son que los cambios posturales y el uso de superficies especiales para el manejo de la presión actúan como factor de riesgo, la lesión más frecuente es en sacro y no se observa un mayor uso de sujeciones en las personas con mayor dependencia ni tampoco en aquellas con mayor deterioro cognitivo. Discusión/conclusiones: Se han obtenido resultados novedosos debido a que se han estudiado relaciones entre variables que no se habían investigado con anterioridad. Observamos a través de los resultados obtenidos que existe relación entre el uso de cambios posturales y sujeciones físicas y la aparición de lesiones por dependencia.Introduction: Injuries are frequent in elderly and, with an ever-older population, an increase in physical restraints use and high prevalence of dependence-related skin lesions along with the low investigation on repositioning made necessary an increase in research in this area. Objectives: To examine the relationship between the use of physical restraints, repositioning and dependence-related skin lesions in institutionalized elderly. Methodology: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study made in four nursing homes in the province of Castellón. For quantitative variables compared with qualitative variables, the non-parametric test U Mann-Whitney and the logistic regression were used. For the qualitative variables, comparisons were made using frequency tables, the chi-square test, prevalence, contingency tables, the Odds Ratio (OR) and the Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: Some relevant results are that the most frequent injury is in the sacrum, more injuries are observed in repositioning group and the most used type of physical restraints is bed rails. A greater use of physical restraints is not observed in people with greater dependence or in those with greater cognitive impairment. Discussion/conclusions: Novel results have been obtained because relationships have been studied between variables that had not been researched before. Through this thesis a step is taken towards the relationship between repositioning, physical restraints and dependence-related skin lesions.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Electrocatalytic systems for the synthesis of value-added products
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalTo address the challenges posed by climate change and global warming, there is a pressing need to utilise renewable materials that can be obtained in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. The utilisation of biomass as a source of chemicals represents a revolutionary methodology with the potential to overcome humanity's reliance on fossil resources. Electrochemical technologies are advantageous in synthesising value-added products from biomass at atmospheric temperature and pressure, utilising water as a solvent and concurrently as a source of oxygen and hydrogen atoms and regulating chemical reactions through the application of electrical potential. In this study, inexpensive materials such as Cu and graphite, with slight modifications of catalytic metals such as Pd, Ag, Ni, were used for the electrochemical production of compounds that are used to produce polymeric materials, biofuels, pharmaceutical industry, etc.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie