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Neuropeptidergic Modulation and Neural Pathways in Contextual Fear Conditioning and Extinction: Insights from the Retrosplenial Cortex and Nucleus Incertus
No full textDoctorat internacionalThis work examines the mechanisms underlying contextual fear conditioning and the role of neural networks in memory processing. We assessed how different procedural factors influence the acquisition and extinction of contextual fear in rats, revealing that spaced sessions of conditioning enhance extinction, while minimal shocks produce context-specific fear. More intense conditioning, however, leads to fear generalization across contexts, which can be extinguished similarly to the conditioned context. Additionally, we explored the role of the the neuropeptide relaxin-3 (RLN3) signaling via the RXFP3 receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in contextual fear conditioning. Modulation of RXFP3 in the RSC delayed fear extinction without affecting acquisition, suggesting that RLN3/RXFP3 signaling enhances memory strength, making extinction more resistant. Anatomical studies confirmed a strong presence of RLN3-immunoreactive fibers in the RSC, particularly co-localizing with inhibitory circuits. Finally, we investigated the connectivity between the RSC and other brain regions, particularly the bidirectional projections between the RSC, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus incertus. These connections were confirmed using anterograde and retrograde tracers, highlighting a broader cortical and subcortical network that involves key regions such as the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices, the medial septum habenula, interpeduncular, and the supramammillary nucleus. All together, these findings provide a more integrated understanding of the circuitry involved in contextual fear and memory processing, emphasizing the long-loop interactions between the retrosplenial cortex, prefrontal areas, and subcortical structures in regulating fear acquisition and extinction processes.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Biomèdiques i Salu
From textual abstracts to video abstracts on health sciences: towards multimodality in the RA genre
No full textDoctorat internacionalThis doctoral thesis investigates the educational value and communicative affordances of Video Abstracts (VAs) as emerging multimodal genres in health sciences education. While originally developed to summarise scholarly articles for broader dissemination, VAs are gaining increased relevance as instructional tools capable of engaging diverse learners through multimodal strategies. Grounded in genre theory (Swales, 1990; Bhatia, 2002) and multimodal discourse analysis (Kress, 2010; O’Halloran, 2011), the study examines how VAs support comprehension, engagement, and retention of scientific content among undergraduate students in medicine, nursing, and psychology. Adopting a mixed-methods design that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study analyses VAs as socially situated communicative artefacts. The methodological framework is dual-layered: first, a qualitative multimodal analysis of four carefully selected VAs (drawn from an initial corpus of 104 videos) was conducted using ELAN software (Wittenburg et al., 2006) to annotate semiotic features such as gesture, gaze, prosody, visual elements, and editing. In parallel, a quantitative empirical reception study was carried out with 180 undergraduate students at Universitat Jaume I, who viewed the VAs, read the corresponding Textual Abstracts (TAs), and completed structured questionnaires via Qualtrics software (Qualtrics, 2025). These instruments assessed dimensions such as comprehension, affective-cognitive engagement, and perceived usefulness, allowing for the integration of textual analysis with user perceptions (Creswell & Poth, 2016; Lin & Lei, 2021). The findings indicate that VAs significantly enhance comprehension when verbal narration is meaningfully synchronised with visual, gestural, and prosodic cues (Mayer, 2009). Additionally, students demonstrated a marked preference for audiovisual formats over TAs, particularly with regard to clarity, retention, and emotional resonance (Curtis et al., 2019; Finkler & Leon, 2019). Multimodal sequences characterised by dynamic prosody, embodied gestures, and strong visual coherence were perceived as most effective for promoting understanding. The study also highlights how learner engagement is mediated by prior digital literacy and linguistic background, with implications for equitable access to scientific knowledge (Hamel, 2007; Lillis & Curry, 2011). The research supports the pedagogical principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) (Rose & Meyer, 2002; Ferreira, 2023) and aligns with global educational priorities, especially the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4: Quality Education; SDG 9: Innovation; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities). Consequently, VAs emerge not only as tools for scientific communication, but also as inclusive learning artefacts that foster learner autonomy, multimodal literacy, and epistemic justice. Importantly, the study engages with the epistemic and linguistic asymmetries perpetuated by the dominance of English in scientific publishing (Curry & Lillis, 2004; Lillis & Curry, 2011). While not erasing these inequalities, VAs provide alternative semiotic resources for researchers and learners navigating across linguistic and cultural boundaries, thus expanding the communicative repertoire of scientific discourse. By integrating multimodal analysis with user-centred empirical inquiry, this dissertation contributes to science communication, digital genre studies, and educational practice in higher education. It ultimately calls for a reimagining of academic communication—one that is not only rigorous and technologically innovative, but also educationally grounded, inclusive, and socially engaged.Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducci
Desafíos bioéticos en el pronóstico, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: discriminación por enfermedad avanzada.
No full textDoctorat industrialLa ELA es una patología neurológica degenerativa de etiología desconocida, que afecta a la vía piramidal a lo largo de la primera motoneurona y segunda motoneurona. Produce una degeneración progresiva de las neuronas motoras situadas en la corteza cerebral, tronco del encéfalo y médula espinal, que conduce a una debilidad y a una atrofia progresiva de la musculatura de inervación bulbar, torácica, abdominal y de las extremidades. Produce debilidad muscular, espasticidad, labilidad emocional, atrofia muscular, fasciculaciones, pérdida gradual de la función motora, tetraparesia, tetraplejia, disartria, disfagia e insuficiencia respiratoria. Tiene carácter progresivo y pronóstico nefasto, sin tratamiento y que genera una dependencia absoluta. La ELA es una enfermedad avanzada puesto que genera un daño irreversible, sin tratamiento curativo, múltiples e intensos síntomas, pérdida de la autonomía o fragilidad progresiva y un pronóstico de vida limitado. La ELA genera múltiples y complejos conflictos éticos destacando la discriminación por enfermedad avanzada.Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neurological disease of unknown origin that affects upper and lower motor neurons, causing progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. In Spain, it affects around 4,000 people. Neuronal degeneration leads to loss of motor function, spasticity, fasciculations, dysarthria, dysphagia, and respiratory failure, eventually progressing to tetraplegia and complete dependence. Its prognosis is unfavorable: only 20% of patients survive beyond 3–5 years after diagnosis. There is no curative treatment, so care must begin early through a multidisciplinary approach aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. ALS is considered an advanced disease from the time of diagnosis, given its irreversible progression, emotional impact, and high demand on healthcare resources. In addition, it raises important ethical dilemmas related to communication, autonomy, assisted dying, and discrimination due to advanced disease—a challenge that the upcoming ALS Law seeks to address.Programa de Doctorat en Ètica i Democràci
Entre la promesa y la práctica: explorando el greenwashing en la comunicación de los socios de París 2024
No full textThe article aims to identify and evaluate from a multidisciplinary perspective a sample of greenwashing complaints and lawsuits received during 2023 by sponsors of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. From the communication sphere, a content analysis template is applied to advertising campaigns that have received greenwashing lawsuits and complaints alike during 2023 to explore how sponsors present their sustainability initiatives to the public, from a marketing point of view, the content analysis template is used to evaluate authenticity and effectiveness by analysing the packaging, brand promises, labelling and other marketing efforts made by sponsors accused of greenwashing, while from a legal perspective, the article focuses on greenwashing lawsuits received by various courts against the sponsors of the event, and discussing them. It was found that at least 44% of the sponsors of the Paris 2024 Olympics were identified as having used greenwashing practices during 2023 and it is concluded that 54.5% of these complaints/lawsuits would be justified. This study is relevant due to the international impact represented by a sporting event like the Olympic Games, in which the organising committee is committed to sustainability as one of the pillars of the event. In addition, at a social level, the article allows consumers to identify possible greenwashing actions by internationally known companies to evaluate their commitment to sustainability. At a business level, the study provides companies with a better understanding of the phenomenon of greenwashing so they can avoid engaging in these practices
La pràctica de la subtitulació per a persones sordes: una mirada des de la professió
No full textDoctorat internacionalLa present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu contribuir a la visibilitat dels problemes de la pràctica professional de la Subtitulació per a Persones Sordes i amb pèrdua auditiva (SPS). Una de les hipòtesis clau de la tesi és que la normativa UNE 153010:2012, que regula la subtitulació per a persones sordes, no cobreix totes les possibles problemàtiques que es poden donar en la pràctica professional, especialment en aspectes com la posició dels subtítols, la identificació dels personatges, els efectes sonors o les qüestions lingüístiques vinculades a contextos de convivència de llengües, com el valencià i el castellà. A través de l'estudi, que consta d’una part descriptiva i una part experimental, es pretén reflexionar sobre la possible ampliació de la norma, incidint en aspectes com l’adequació dels colors per a identificar personatges en programes amb múltiples oradors, la representació dels silencis o els canvis de llengua en territoris bilingües. També s’analitzarà si les estratègies de resolució de problemes divergeixen o coincideixen entre professionals i alumnes en formació.This doctoral thesis aims to shed light on the challenges faced in the practice of Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (SDH). The main hypothesis is that the UNE 153010:2012 standard does not fully address real-world issues, particularly regarding subtitle positioning, character identification, sound effects, and linguistic considerations in contexts of language coexistence, such as Valencian and Spanish. Through a descriptive and experimental approach, the study explores potential expansions to the standard, including the use of colours to identify characters in programs with multiple speakers, the representation of silences and the management of language changes in bilingual regions. Additionally, it examines whether problem-solving strategies differ between professionals and students in training, aiming to improve the standard and promote more inclusive and contextually adapted subtitling in multilingual settings.Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducci
Proyecto de instalación eléctrica y de acondicionamiento de aire para bloque de 6 viviendas y bajo comercial con apoyo de energía fotovoltaica
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Enginyeria Elèctrica. Codi: EE1045. Curs acadèmic: 2024-2025El trabajo final de grado se centrará en el proyecto de electrificación de un edificio de viviendas, el cual incluirá, a su vez, las instalaciones de climatización, agua caliente sanitaria (ACS) y ventilación mecánica para cada una de estas, además de una instalación fotovoltaica de autoconsumo para las zonas comunes. Este edificio consta de 6 viviendas, un local comercial de uso indefinido y zonas comunes, incluida una terraza.
Para cada una de las viviendas, que serán de electrificación elevada por contar con una instalación de climatización, se dimensionarán todos los circuitos eléctricos.
La climatización consta de una instalación por conductos motorizada para cada una de las estancias que disponga la vivienda. En este apartado se realizarán los cálculos necesarios para el dimensionado de la máquina y de los conductos, tanto de impulsión como de retorno.
Para la instalación de ACS, se optará por una bomba de calor compacta, de la cual se ejecutarán los cálculos para la producción necesaria por vivienda.
Para continuar, se hará el diseño de la instalación de ventilación mecánica controlada para renovación de aire y así cumplir los requisitos de seguridad y habitabilidad fijados por el código técnico de la edificación.
Finalmente, para el apoyo de los consumos de las zonas comunes se incluirá en la terraza del edificio una instalación fotovoltaica de autoconsumo. Se llevará a cabo el estudio y cálculos necesarios para conocer su potencia
Occupational Mobility in the Valencian Model of Intensive Agriculture: a case study of Borriana, 1895-1915
No full texthis article presents an analysis of occupational mobility as a way of exploring the distributive effects of structural change linked to globalization. I study the effects of the Valencian model of intensive agriculture and exports in a
case study of the city of Borriana: a centre for orange production in eastern Spain. I use individual-level data for all adult males living in the city between 1895 and 1915 to provide quantitative evidence of increasing intragenerational occupational mobility within agrarian occupations as well as between agrarian and non-agrarian occupations. My results show that the probability of agrarian workers ending up in non-agrarian jobs increased and that, relatively speaking, both tenants and labourers became similarly positioned to acquire land during the expansion of citrus cultivation and expor
Comunicación para el cambio social y racionalidad instrumental: de los escraches a las acusaciones de discurso de odio en España (2013-2019)
No full textCompendi d'articlesEl objeto de la tesis es la problematicidad del nexo que la Comunicación para el Cambio Social (CCS) mantiene con la racionalidad instrumental (RI). En la praxis, el nexo se revela en los dilemas estratégicos de la comunicación de algunos de los movimientos sociales activos en España entre 2013 y 2019 y, particularmente, de la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca. En el terreno epistemológico, sin embargo, el enfoque de CCS centrado en la eficacia cultural rehúye la RI desde los supuestos heredados de las tradiciones que lo han conformado. El campo de la CCS, no obstante, se ha abierto a actores que comunican estratégicamente con públicos extensos en la esfera pública central y, en este nuevo escenario, cabe repensar la RI sin renunciar al legado crítico-dialógico. Al efecto, se esboza un programa epistemológico para la CCS basado en la distinción entre sus momentos hermenéutico, nomológico y técnico.The object of the thesis is the link between communication for social change (CCS) and instrumental rationality (IR) in both the practical and epistemological spheres. In practice, the link is revealed in the strategic communication dilemmas of some of the social movements active in Spain between 2013 and 2019, such as the Platform of People Affected by Mortgages (Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca, PAH). Although the CCS, after the global protests of 2011, including those of the 15M in Spain, opened up to new actors who communicate strategically in the central public sphere, some of its approaches, such as cultural efficacy, contest IR from inherited epistemological assumptions. In the new scenario, it is necessary to rethink IR without renouncing the critical-dialogical legacy. To this end, an epistemological program for the CCS is outlined based on the distinction between its hermeneutical, nomological and technical moments.Programa de Doctorat en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupamen
Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con las complicaciones en el pie.
No full textCompendi d'articlesEl objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y las complicaciones del pie en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). En un estudio transversal realizado con 174 pacientes, se observó que una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (puntuación MEDAS-14 ≥ 9) se asocia con una menor presencia de neuropatía periférica diabética (NPD), úlceras en el pie diabético, alteraciones del índice tobillo-brazo (ITB), así como una menor frecuencia de claudicación intermitente y pulsos distales ausentes. Factores como el sexo masculino y una mayor edad se vincularon con una peor adherencia a la dieta, mientras que una mayor duración de la DM2 y una edad más avanzada al momento del diagnóstico se asociaron con una mejor adherencia. Estos hallazgos destacan el potencial de la dieta mediterránea como una estrategia dietética efectiva para reducir complicaciones en pacientes con DM2.This thesis analyzes adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with foot complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetic foot ulcers. Through observational studies, the influence of dietary habits on the development of these complications was assessed, identifying significant associations between low dietary adherence and a higher incidence of related pathologies. The findings underscore the importance of a Mediterranean dietary pattern as a preventive strategy and a means of improving prognosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This research reinforces the role of diet in the comprehensive management of diabetic foot and provides valuable evidence for clinical practice and the design of nutritional therapeutic interventions.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Esbozar un yo americano
No full textEste artículo ofrece el primer análisis crítico en inglés de A Beginner’s Guide to America: For the Immigrant and the Curious (2021) de Roya Hakakian, dirigido a un migrante genérico recién llegado a Estados Unidos. Escrito en el estilo narrativo en segunda persona típico de las guías de autoayuda, el libro de Hakakian sirve como una narrativa personal que guía al lector a través del viaje para convertirse en estadounidense. Haciéndose eco de la idea del excepcionalismo estadounidense, relata una historia de progreso histórico entretejida a través de anécdotas de violencia e injusticia contra comunidades marginadas a lo largo de la historia estadounidense; el narrador representa estos episodios como hitos esenciales hacia la libertad. El narrador le enseña a la narrataria que las luchas por la libertad a lo largo de la historia de Estados Unidos fueron esfuerzos por someterse al estado de derecho y a la Constitución. Luego se invita a la narrataria a esperar estoicamente y con resignación hasta su ceremonia de naturalización, cuando sus libertades estarán protegidas por la constitución. Al rastrear los vínculos intertextuales de la historia y explorar sus aspectos formales, este artículo sostiene que el surgimiento del sujeto libre al final de la historia refleja la ideología dominante de asimilación y conformidad con la sociedad estadounidense