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Rethinking Crime Rates in the Context of the Floating Population: the Case of Ibiza
No full textLas tasas de delincuencia se calculan utilizando datos sobre la población registrada en un territorio. Sin embargo, esta metodología excluye una proporción significativa de la población en determinados territorios que experimentan aumentos o fluctuaciones demográficas debido a diversas circunstancias. Esto es especialmente llamativo en el caso de Ibiza. Debido a sus características y a su modelo económico basado en el turismo, especialmente en determinadas épocas del año, la isla experimenta importantes cambios demográficos. Durante los meses de verano, llegan grandes cantidades de turistas, trabajadores no registrados y otro tipo de personal, lo que tiene un impacto significativo en el cálculo de la tasa de delincuencia. Esto puede plantear graves problemas para la gestión de las políticas de seguridad pública y afectar a la percepción de inseguridad en estas zonas. Disponer de datos precisos es fundamental para analizar la situación y aplicar políticas de seguridad pública eficaces. Sin embargo, la situación actual y las cifras publicadas ofrecen una visión distorsionada de la incidencia de la delincuencia, ya que no tienen en cuenta la población real presente, conocida como «población flotante». Esta investigación analiza en primer lugar la evolución de la delincuencia en Ibiza entre 2019 y 2024. En segundo lugar, emplea dos métodos innovadores para estimar la población real en cada municipio. El primer método utiliza el alojamiento turístico como base, mientras que el segundo utiliza la cantidad de residuos sólidos producidos en los diferentes municipios como factor cuantificable para estimar la presión humana.
Crime rates are calculated using data on the registered population in a territory. However, this methodology excludes a significant proportion of the population in certain territories experiencing demographic increases or fluctuations due to various circumstances. This is particularly striking in the case of Ibiza. Due to its characteristics and its tourism-based economic model, especially at certain times of the year, the island experiences significant demographic changes. During the summer months, large numbers of tourists, unregistered workers and other personnel arrive, which has a significant impact on crime rate calculations. This can pose serious problems for the management of public safety policies and affect perceptions of insecurity in these areas. Accurate data is essential for analysing the situation and implementing effective public security policies. However, the current situation and published figures offer a distorted view of crime incidence, as they do not take into account the actual population present, known as the 'floating population'. This research first analyses the evolution of crime on Ibiza between 2019 and 2024. Secondly, it employs two innovative methods to estimate the actual population in each municipality. The first method uses tourist accommodation as a basis, while the second uses the amount of solid waste produced in the different municipalities as a quantifiable factor to estimate human pressure
Multi-omics approach identifies gut microbiota variations associated with depression
No full textThe gut microbiota plays a potential role in the pathophysiology of depression through the gut–brain axis. This cross-sectional study in 400 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study investigates the interplay between gut microbiota and depression using a multi-omics approach. Depression was defined as antidepressant use or high Beck Depression Inventory-II scores. Gut microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing, and faecal metabolites were analysed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Participants with depression exhibited significant differences in gut microbial composition and metabolic profiles. Differentially abundant taxa included Acidaminococcus, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Megasphaera, among others. Metabolomic analysis revealed 15 significantly altered metabolites, primarily lipids, organic acids, and benzenoids, some of which correlated with gut microbial features. This study highlights the interplay between the gut microbiota and depression, paving the way for future research to determine whether gut microbiota influences depression pathophysiology or reflects changes associated with depression
Experimental investigation of the performance of vapor compression cycle in a water cooler system with low-GWP alternative refrigerants
No full textThe increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and the resultant strict regulations, such as EU Regulation 517/2014 and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, have increased interest in low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants for vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. This work studies the efficiency of low GWP refrigerants in a VCR system used for water cooling. More specifically, it compares the performance of the hydrocarbons R290 (propane) and R1270 (propylene), the hydrofluoroolefin R1234yf, and the HFO-HFC mixture R454C with the conventional refrigerants R134a and R404A. Based on theoretical modeling combined with experimental investigation carried out in controlled conditions at a condenser temperature of 45 °C, evaporator temperature of 0 °C, and ambient temperature of 30 °C, key performance parameters, including energy consumption, refrigeration effect, coefficient of performance (COP), and pressure ratio, are analyzed. The results show that R290 has the best performance, with a COP of 3.0, which is 3.2 %, 6.8 %, and 25.2 % higher than that of R1270, R1234yf, and R454C, respectively. Moreover, R290 has a considerable energy saving compared with R404A. The results demonstrate the potential of R290 as an effective and environmentally friendly refrigerant alternative, which supports industry efforts to move towards sustainable refrigeration solutions in compliance with international regulations aimed at reducing GWP. This research creates valuable knowledge on the performance of low-GWP refrigerants in small-scale applications and opens the way for further improvement in the efficiency of cooling technologies
Breu informe sobre l’enquesta Què pensem sobre l’avaluació científica de la nostra investigació?
No full textLa presente documentación recoge los principales hallazgos de la encuesta ¿Qué pensamos sobre la evaluación científica de nuestra investigación?», promovida por el Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universitat Jaume I, realizada el 2024 sobre la percepción y práctica de la ciencia abierta en la Universitat Jaume I. Se enmarca dentro de los planes estratégicos de fomento de la ciencia abierta, alineados con el Plan ENCA-UJI 2023–2027 y los proyectos europeos CATALISI y EDUC-WIDE. Se recogieron 330 respuestas (33,8 % de participación) del personal docente e investigador
Discovering the tourism rainbow: an integrated approach to LGBTIQ+ tourism
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalThis thesis examines the interplay between identity, inclusion, and memorable experiences as core dimensions of LGBTIQ+ tourism. Framed within an intersectional perspective, it positions identity as a central axis for understanding the motivations, perceptions, and experiences of LGBTIQ+ tourists. Through a compendium of three articles, the study delves into the influence of motivations on the creation of meaningful travel experiences, while highlighting the moderating role of gender identity and sexual orientation. The research further explores perceptions of queer-friendly destinations, revealing that authentic inclusivity in marketing and destination management not only fosters trust but also strengthens loyalty among LGBTIQ+ travelers. Additionally, it underscores the internal heterogeneity of the LGBTIQ+ community, demonstrating how socio-demographic factors shape travel preferences. The findings contribute to the academic discourse on tourism and gender studies, offering insights for fostering more inclusive, equitable, and identity-affirming tourism practices.Programa de Doctorat en Màrquetin
From conflict to social action: transformation of climate change news framing
No full textIntroducción: Este artículo analiza la evolución de los encuadres mediáticos sobre el cambio climático durante la etapa pospandémica, tomando como caso de estudio la cobertura de 3 Conferencias de las Partes (COP) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Metodología: A partir de una metodología basada en la actualización de tipologías consolidadas, se revisan 3 componentes clave en el estudio del framing periodístico: 1) la presentación genérica del problema (issue frame); 2) los encuadres informativos predominantes (news frame); y 3) el uso estratégico de palabras clave en los titulares. La muestra la componen 671 piezas publicadas por 6 medios españoles representativos de diferentes modelos profesionales y líneas editoriales contrastadas. Resultados: En primer lugar, se observa un avance del encuadre temático que indica una apertura hacia narrativas más contextuales. En segundo lugar, los encuadres periodísticos más recurrentes giran en torno al conflicto político, el interés humano y el impacto económico de la transición verde. Finalmente, los titulares revelan la consolidación de la denominación clásica “cambio climático” por encima de etiquetas contemporáneas, junto con una progresiva democratización del discurso, que integra la dimensión económica y nuevos protagonismos informativos. Discusión: Los hallazgos identifican encuadres renovados orientados a la acción, la rendición de cuentas y respuestas sociales, aunque todavía condicionados por inercias tradicionales. Conclusiones:El artículo identifica una evolución en el tratamiento periodístico del cambio climático en el contexto pos-COVID y plantea recomendaciones para fomentar una cobertura centrada en sus soluciones.Introduction:This article examines the evolution of media framing of climate change in the post-pandemic period, using the coverage of 3United Nations Conferences of the Parties (COP) as a case study.Methodology:Based on an updated framework of established typologies, the study analyzes 3key components of journalistic framing: (1) the generic presentation of the issue (issue frame); (2) the predominant informational frames (news frame); and (3) the strategic use of keywords in headlines. The sample consists of 671 articles published by 6Spanish media outlets, selected to represent different professional models and contrasting editorial lines. Results:First, there is a shift toward thematic framing, suggesting an openness to more contextual narratives. Second, the most recurrent journalistic frames revolve around political conflict, human interest, and the economic impact of the green transition. Lastly, headlines reveal the consolidation of the classical term “climate change” over more contemporary labels, along with a gradual democratization of the discourse, integrating the economic dimension and new informational actors. Discussion:The findings point to renewed framings oriented toward action, accountability, and social responses, although still influenced by traditional media practices. Conclusions:The article identifies an evolution in the journalistic treatment of climate change in the post-COVID context and offers recommendations to encourage a solutions-focused media coverage
The Importance of Catalyst Choice in Photoelectrochemical Glycerol Oxidation
No full textPhotoelectrochemistry is a promising method for the direct conversion of sunlight into valuable chemicals by combining the functions of solar panels and electrolyzers in one technology. In most studies, semiconductor/catalyst photoelectrode assemblies are used to achieve reasonable efficiencies. At the same time, unlike in dark electrochemical processes, the role of the catalyst is not straightforward in photoelectrochemistry, where the onset potential of the redox process should be mostly determined by the flatband potential of the semiconductor. In addition, the energy of holes (i.e., the surface potential) is independent of the applied bias; it is defined by the valence band (VB) position. In this study, we compared PdAu, Au, and Ni on Si photoanodes in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation of glycerol at record high current densities (> 180 mA cm‒2), coupled to H2 evolution at the cathode. We successfully decreased the energy requirement (i.e., the cell voltage) of the paired conversion of glycerol and water by 0.7 V by exchanging the widely studied Ni catalyst with PdAu. The catalyst choice also dictates the product distribution, resulting mainly in C3 products on PdAu, glycolate (C2 product) on Au, and formate (C1 product) on Ni, without complete mineralization of glycerol (CO2 formation) that is difficult to rule out in dark electrochemical processes (as demonstrated by comparative measurements). Finally, we achieved a bias-free (standalone) operation with PdAu/Si and Au/Si photoanodes by combining the PEC oxidation of glycerol with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).This project received funding under the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program from the European Research Council (ERC, Grant Agreement No. 101043617) (C.J.). Financial support from the European Innovation Council (EIC) via the OHPERA project (grant agreement 101071010) is also acknowledged. Project No. RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00009, titled National Laboratory for Renewable Energy, was implemented with the support provided by the Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union within the framework of the Program Széchenyi Plan Plus (C.J.). Authors also acknowledge financial support from MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ through grants PID2020–116093RB−C41 and PID2023-152771OB-I00
Fuente, Debate y Entorno: una propuesta didáctica clásica para 4º de ESO orientada a los retos del siglo XXI
No full textMàster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi: SAP319. Curs acadèmic: 2024-2025La finalidad última de este trabajo de fin de máster, dirigido a los estudiantes de un curso de 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), es la propuesta de una programación didáctica en la que detallaremos tres situaciones de aprendizaje enmarcadas dentro del currículo del curso, centrada en los periodos clave de la historia reciente: la Gran Guerra, Segunda Guerra Mundial y la nueva geopolítica que desencadena el conflicto: La Guerra Fría y sus consecuencias. Estos contenidos se abordarán desde una perspectiva que supere el tradicional punto de vista eurocentrista al considerar la ramificaciones que poseen estos periodos y su influencia sobre la actualidad geopolítica.
Pedagógicamente, el objetivo es llevar al estudiantado a interpretar la Historia como base para comprender los conflictos militares y los problemas económicos actuales, mostrando que la Historia no es singular, es decir, una sucesión de hechos inconexos, sino, muy al contrario se trata de la esencia de todos los acontecimientos que conocemos actualmente. Para ello, esta programación se ha diseñado utilizando como pilares metodologías activas y participativas, esto es, Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, Aprendizaje cooperativo y Aula Invertida (Flipped Classroom). Todas ellas con la finalidad de impulsar el aprendizaje significativo y colaborativo. Al mismo tiempo, nos detendremos brevemente en la necesidad de repensar el diseño del espacio educativo.The ultimate goal of this master's final project, aimed at students in a 4th year of compulsory secondary education course, is to propose a didactic programming in which we will detail three learning situations framed within the course curriculum, focused on the key periods of recent history: the Great War, the Second World War, and the new geopolitics that the conflict triggered: The Cold War and its consequences. These contents will be addressed from an approach that goes beyond the traditional Eurocentric perspective by considering the ramifications these periods have and their influence on current geopolitics.
Pedagogically, the objective is to lead students to interpret History as a basis for understanding military conflicts and current economic problems, showing that History is not a succession of disconnected events but the essence of all the events we know today. To this end, this programming has been designed using active and participatory methodologies as pillars, that is, Project-Based Learning, Cooperative Learning, and Flipped Classroom. All aimed at promoting meaningful and collaborative learning. At the same time, we will briefly stop at the need to rethink the design of the educational spac
Predicting fixations and gaze location from EEG
No full textBrain signals carry cognitive information that can be relevant in downstream tasks, but what about eye-gaze? Although this can be estimated with eye-trackers, it can be very convenient in practice to do it without extra equipment. We consider the challenging tasks of fixation prediction and gaze estimation from electroencephalography (EEG) using deep learning models.
We argue that there are three critical design criteria when designing neural architectures for EEG: (1) the spatial and temporal dimensions of the data, (2) the local vs global nature of the data processing, and (3) the overall structure and order with which the steps (1) and (2) are orchestrated. We propose two model architectures, based on Transformers and LSTMs, with different variants in this large design space, and compare them with recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches under two constraints: reduced EEG signal length and reduced set of EEG channels. Our Transformer-based model outperforms the LSTM-only model, but it turns out to be more sensitive with short signal lengths and with less number of channels. Interestingly, our results are similar or slightly better than SOTA, and the models are trained from scratch (i.e., without pre-training or fine-tuning). Our findings provide useful insights for advancing in eye-from-EEG tasks.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume