97828 research outputs found
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Educar para transformar conflictos. Valoración de los conocimientos, habilidades y recursos para hacer las paces en la formación de grado en psicología social en Venezuela
No full textEsta investigación analiza el currículo formativo en psicología social impartido en el Grado en Psicología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela usando el marco analítico de la Educación Crítica para la Paz (ECpP). Para ello, establece un conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades y recursos para hacer las paces con la literatura especializada y realiza un estudio de casos intrínseco de corte cualitativo. Se conformó un corpus informativo constituido por 20 programas de asignaturas dictadas por el Departamento de Psicología Social de la Escuela de Psicología de la UCV y se entrevistó en profundidad a 23 estudiantes del Ciclo Aplicado de Psicología Social de las cohortes que comenzaron dicho ciclo entre 2015 y 2018. Los programas analizados presentan amplias referencias interdisciplinares y oportunidades de mejora en la sinergia pedagógica. El reporte del estudiantado señala la promoción de un habitus socio-reflexivo y crítico como recurso principal para la construcción de paz en Venezuela.This research analyses the curriculum of social psychology taught in the undergraduate Psychology program at the Universidad Central de Venezuela, using the analytical framework of Critical Peace Education (CPE). To do so, it establishes a set of knowledge, skills, and resources for making peace based on specialized literature and conducts an intrinsic case study with a qualitative approach. The information corpus was composed of 20 course syllabi from the Department of Social Psychology at the UCV School of Psychology, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 students from the Applied Cycle of Social Psychology who began the cycle between 2015 and 2018. The analysed syllabi present broad interdisciplinary references and opportunities for improvement in pedagogical synergy. The students' report highlights the promotion of a socio-reflective and critical habitus as the main resource for peacebuilding in Venezuela.Programa de Doctorat en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupamen
Impacte de la simulació d’alta fidelitat en l’adquisició de competències clíniques en l’estudiantat de Grau en Infermeria
No full textLa simulació d’alta fidelitat (SAF) proporciona una experiència realista que afavoreix l’adquisició de competències clíniques essencials en estudiantat d’infermeria. Aquesta tesi va avaluar l’efecte de la SAF en el desenvolupament i transferència de competències clíniques a la pràctica de l’estudiantat d’infermeria. L’estudi es va estructurar en 3 fases: (1) validesa i viabilitat d’una Avaluació Clínica Objectiva i Estructurada (ACOE); (2) assaig controlat aleatoritzat amb 105 estudiants distribuïts en 3 grups: control (6 simulacions de baixa fidelitat), intervenció 1 (3 d’alta i 3 de baixa fidelitat) i intervenció 2 (6 d’alta fidelitat). Les competències es van avaluar amb una ACOE amb seguiment als 6 i 12 mesos; (3) estudi observacional després de 4 setmanes de pràctiques clíniques. Els resultats van mostrar que la SAF impulsa el desenvolupament de les competències clíniques en l’estudiantat d’infermeria, en facilita la consolidació i transferència a la pràctica clínica, especialment combinada amb simulació de baixa fidelitat.High-fidelity simulation (HFS) provides a realistic experience that promotes the acquisition of essential clinical competencies in nursing students. This thesis evaluated the effect of HFS on the development and transfer of clinical competencies to nursing practice. The study was structured in three phases: (1) validation and feasibility of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE); (2) a randomized controlled trial with 105 students allocated to three groups: control (6 low-fidelity simulations), intervention 1 (3 high-fidelity and 3 low-fidelity simulations), and intervention 2 (6 high-fidelity simulations), with follow-up at 6 and 12 months; and (3) a observational study conducted after 4 weeks of clinical practice. The results showed that HFS enhances the development of clinical competencies in nursing students, facilitating their consolidation and transfer to practice, particularly when combined with low-fidelity simulation.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Multifactorial stress combination as a driving force in the decline of uni- and multicellular organisms
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalThis doctoral thesis investigates how plants respond to multifactorial environmental stress conditions (MFSC) caused by climate change, focusing on both the crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Physiological, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses revealed that stress complexity leads to declining photosynthetic performance, increased oxidative damage, and metabolic reprogramming in tomato. Jasmonic acid was shown to be crucial for mitigating oxidative stress. In C. reinhardtii, MFSC impaired growth and chlorophyll content, with the ROS-deficient mutant rbo1 showing reduced extracellular H₂O₂ and increased cell aggregation. Transcriptomic profiling identified conserved stress-responsive genes across species, suggesting a shared molecular signature. Proteomic and metabolomic data indicated adaptations prioritizing redox balance and osmoprotection. Overall, this work highlights conserved stress response pathways in unicellular and multicellular systems, offering targets for enhancing crop resilience.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Filosofía para hacer las paces en diálogo con la Filosofía con niños y niñas: ¿Estamos preparados para escuchar lo que piensan sobre la paz?
No full textDoctorat internacionalLa presente tesis doctoral propone un diálogo entre la Filosofía para hacer las paces y la Filosofía con niños y niñas como una vía para fomentar prácticas educativas orientadas a la paz en las escuelas. Inicialmente, se abordan los fundamentos de la Filosofía para hacer las paces y los principios de la Educación para la paz, destacando sus características y medios pacíficos. Asimismo, se realiza un recorrido por los orígenes y la evolución generacional del programa de Filosofía para niños y niñas, explorando sus fundamentos prácticos. La investigación también plantea una reflexión crítica sobre nuestra disposición para escuchar las voces de la infancia en temas de paz, considerando los valores predominantes en la actualidad. Finalmente, se presenta el proyecto FiloPaz como ejemplo concreto de esta confluencia, ilustrando cómo ambos enfoques filosóficos pueden dialogar y enriquecer la práctica educativa para construir comunidades escolares más pacíficas.This doctoral thesis proposes a dialogue between Philosophy for Making Peace and Philosophy with Children as a way to promote educational practices oriented toward peace in schools. Initially, it addresses the foundations of Philosophy for Making Peace and the principles of Peace Education, highlighting their characteristics and peaceful means. Likewise, it explores the origins and generational evolution of the Philosophy for Children program, examining its practical foundations. The research also offers a critical reflection on our willingness to listen to children's voices on issues of peace, considering the predominant values in today's society. Finally, the FiloPaz project is presented as a concrete example of this convergence, illustrating how both philosophical approaches can engage in dialogue and enrich educational practice to build more peaceful school communities.Programa de Doctorat en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupamen
The impact of global change on the intraguild predation among three predatory mites of Tetranychus urticae in citrus orchards
No full textThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a key pest of clementine mandarin orchards in the Mediterranean basin. Effective biological control, vital for managing T. urticae populations, involves the phytoseiid mites Euseius stipulatus, Neoseiulus californicus, and Phytoseiulus persimilis. The Mediterranean region is highly susceptible to climate change, with predicted increases in average temperatures and reduced rainfall, with potentially negative consequences for agro-ecosystem dynamics. Given the often-overlooked complexity of species interactions in climate change models, this study investigates into the potential impact of climate change, specifically extreme events like heatwaves, on intraguild interactions among these key predatory mite species. Our findings reveal that N. californicus is the most robust intraguild predator under forecasted climate change conditions, outperforming the other two. Conversely, E. stipulatus showed reduced performance under future climatic conditions, further affected by intraguild predation from the other two phytoseiids. Notably, P. persimilis fails to maintain its biological parameters in interactions with both intraguild prey under anticipated climatic conditions, suggesting a low tolerance to global warming in the presence of E. stipulatus and N. californicus, the primary predators of T. urticae in our citrus system. These insights are essential for biological control, as they provide crucial data on the biological parameters of natural enemies crucial that are critical to effective pest control in the expected global warming scenarios
Desafíos bioéticos en el pronóstico, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: discriminación por enfermedad avanzada.
No full textDoctorat industrialLa ELA es una patología neurológica degenerativa de etiología desconocida, que afecta a la vía piramidal a lo largo de la primera motoneurona y segunda motoneurona. Produce una degeneración progresiva de las neuronas motoras situadas en la corteza cerebral, tronco del encéfalo y médula espinal, que conduce a una debilidad y a una atrofia progresiva de la musculatura de inervación bulbar, torácica, abdominal y de las extremidades. Produce debilidad muscular, espasticidad, labilidad emocional, atrofia muscular, fasciculaciones, pérdida gradual de la función motora, tetraparesia, tetraplejia, disartria, disfagia e insuficiencia respiratoria. Tiene carácter progresivo y pronóstico nefasto, sin tratamiento y que genera una dependencia absoluta. La ELA es una enfermedad avanzada puesto que genera un daño irreversible, sin tratamiento curativo, múltiples e intensos síntomas, pérdida de la autonomía o fragilidad progresiva y un pronóstico de vida limitado. La ELA genera múltiples y complejos conflictos éticos destacando la discriminación por enfermedad avanzada.Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neurological disease of unknown origin that affects upper and lower motor neurons, causing progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. In Spain, it affects around 4,000 people. Neuronal degeneration leads to loss of motor function, spasticity, fasciculations, dysarthria, dysphagia, and respiratory failure, eventually progressing to tetraplegia and complete dependence. Its prognosis is unfavorable: only 20% of patients survive beyond 3–5 years after diagnosis. There is no curative treatment, so care must begin early through a multidisciplinary approach aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. ALS is considered an advanced disease from the time of diagnosis, given its irreversible progression, emotional impact, and high demand on healthcare resources. In addition, it raises important ethical dilemmas related to communication, autonomy, assisted dying, and discrimination due to advanced disease—a challenge that the upcoming ALS Law seeks to address.Programa de Doctorat en Ètica i Democràci
Single-pixel microscopy: principles, new sampling approaches and applications
No full textDoctorat internacionalThis thesis introduces the concept of single-pixel imaging (SPI) to optical microscopy, designing, implementing and evaluating SPI-based microscopes for use in situations where camera-based systems are ineffective due to spectral constraints, low photon counts and high costs. To this end, three key challenges are addressed: optical sectioning, lateral resolution and acquisition time. Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) is employed to enhance optical sectioning by projecting high-spatial-frequency fringes and to improve resolution by combining super-resolution patterns with conventional ones used in SPI. Additionally, the work extends microscopy to computational optical scanning holography (COSH) with optical sectioning, enabling fast volumetric acquisitions and mitigating out-of-focus blur. Finally, the thesis proposes a sampling-pattern preselection algorithm guided by an analysis of sampling patterns within the constraints of the optical system. This reduces the number of required measurements and patterns for the sampling process.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
A Latin America in Constitutional History: themes, debates, proposals and authors after 25 years of Americanist studies
No full textThis article contributes to the commemoration of the 25th an-niversary of Historia Constitucional, underscoring its importance in the study of Latin American constitutionalism. Since its inception in 2000, the journal has fostered an interdisciplinary and comparative perspective between Europe and Latin America in the field of constitutional history. With 103 articles devoted to the region, the journal has become a key ref-erence point in the Ibero-American historiography of constitutionalism. Nineteenth-century constitutionalism, particularly the doceañista tradi-tion, has been the most frequently explored theme. The journal has also published significant studies on Brazil, New Granada, Peru, and Mexico, as well as analyses of the impact of Gaditan constitutionalism and its reception across the Americas. Special issues have addressed liberalism, Catholicism, and autonomism. The journal has also questioned the pre-dominant military-centered narrative of independence, proposing instead a constitutional reading of the process. Historia Constitucional stands out for its academic rigor in connecting history, law, and politics.El artículo se suma a la conmemoración de los 25 años de la revista Historia Constitucional, destacando su relevancia en el estudio del constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Desde su fundación en 2000, la revista ha promovido un enfoque interdisciplinario y comparado entre Europa y América Latina sobre la historia constitucional. Con 103 artículos dedicados a la región, la revista se ha consolidado como un referente en la historia constitucional hispano-lusa. El constitucionalismo del siglo XIX, especialmente el doceañista, ha sido el tema más abordado. Se resaltan también estudios sobre Brasil, Nueva Granada, Perú y México. También se ha analizado la influencia del constitucionalismo gaditano y su aplicación en América. La revista ha publicado dossieres sobre liberalismo, catolicismo y autonomismo. Así mismo recoge la vision unilateral que se hace de la independencia en su vertiente bélica, proponiendo una narrativa constitucional. Destacar que la revista ha logrado conectar historia, derecho y política con rigor académico
Electrocatalytic systems for the synthesis of value-added products
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalTo address the challenges posed by climate change and global warming, there is a pressing need to utilise renewable materials that can be obtained in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. The utilisation of biomass as a source of chemicals represents a revolutionary methodology with the potential to overcome humanity's reliance on fossil resources. Electrochemical technologies are advantageous in synthesising value-added products from biomass at atmospheric temperature and pressure, utilising water as a solvent and concurrently as a source of oxygen and hydrogen atoms and regulating chemical reactions through the application of electrical potential. In this study, inexpensive materials such as Cu and graphite, with slight modifications of catalytic metals such as Pd, Ag, Ni, were used for the electrochemical production of compounds that are used to produce polymeric materials, biofuels, pharmaceutical industry, etc.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Sintering science meets sustainability: a review of cold sintering process in solid-state electrolytes
No full textThe global push for deep decarbonization by 2050 has accelerated energy storage development to address power intermittency. This review covers ceramic- and polymer-in-ceramic solid-state electrolytes obtained via the cold sintering process, which enables higher energy density and safety by replacing liquid electrolytes and supporting lithium-metal anodes. Cold sintering, at temperatures below 300 °C, provides fast densification with low environmental impact compared to traditional high-temperature sintering. It affects microstructure, phase stability, and ionic transport. Important applications include lithium and sodium solid electrolytes with notable density and conductivity. Challenges remain in material optimization, scaling, and integrating multifunctional designs for sustainable, high-performance batteries.A.B.-J. acknowledge the financial support from Generalitat Valenciana under Pla Complementari “Programa de Materials Avançats”, 2022 [grant number MFA/2022/030], and A.B.-J. also acknowledges Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) [grant number MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]. Am-S. and S.F.-N. thank Generalitat Valenciana through FPI Fellowship Program [grant numbers ACIF/2021/294 and CIACIF/2021/050]. N.V.-A. thanks the financial support from UJI [grant UJI-2023-16]