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Fístulas arteriovenosas endovasculares. Una nueva opción para los pacientes en hemodiálisis.
No full textCompendi d'articlesLa tesis doctoral gira en torno a los resultados obtenido con la utilización de un nuevo sistema endovascular para la realización de fístulas arteriovenosas en los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Se trata de una tesis por compendio de publicaciones en la que se han incluido un total de 4 publicaciones. Una de ellas se trata de un estudio prospectivo descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos durante el primer año de seguimiento tras su realización. Otro de ellos compara prospectivamente los resultados de estas fistulas endovasculares con fistulas realizadas de manera quirúrgica a lo largo de un año tras su realización. El tercero se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la que se observa la disparidad de género que se encuentran en la utilización de estos dispositivos a pesar de tratarse de métodos novedosos y el último de ellos es un caso clínico que ejemplifica los beneficios que podrían tener dichos sistemas mínimamente invasivos.The doctoral thesis focuses on the results obtained using a new endovascular system to create arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. It is a thesis by a compendium of publications, which includes four papers. One of them is a prospective descriptive study of the outcomes during the first year of follow-up after the procedure. Another is a prospective comparison of the results of these endovascular fistulas versus surgically created fistulas over a one-year follow-up period. The third is a systematic review of the literature, highlighting the gender disparity observed in the use of these devices, despite being innovative methods. The final publication is a clinical case that illustrates the potential benefits of these minimally invasive systems.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Experiencias adversas en la infancia y su relación con el bienestar en jóvenes adultos: salud física y mental
No full textCompendi d'articlesLa presente tesis examina el impacto de las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (ACEs) sobre la salud física y mental durante la adultez emergente, considerando variables culturales y contextuales específicas de España y Latinoamérica. El Estudio 1 se centró en una muestra de jóvenes españoles, abordando el impacto de las ACEs sobre la salud física, un aspecto poco explorado en esta etapa vital. El Estudio 2 analizó la relación entre las ACEs, las estrategias de afrontamiento y la manifestación de rasgos psicopáticos y altruistas. Este estudio incorpora un enfoque innovador al considerar combinaciones específicas de ACEs en lugar de analizarlas de forma aislada. El Estudio 3 se desarrolló con una muestra de jóvenes latinoamericanos, ampliando el análisis hacia ACEs expandidas, que incluyen factores económicos y sociales relevantes en ese contexto. La tesis propone estrategias de intervención culturalmente sensibles, orientadas a la prevención y tratamiento del impacto adverso de las mismas.This thesis examines the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on physical and mental health during emerging adulthood, taking into account cultural and contextual variables specific to Spain and Latin America. Study 1 focused on a sample of Spanish young adults, addressing the impact of ACEs on physical health—an area that has received little attention during this life stage. Study 2 analysed the relationship between ACEs, coping strategies, and the manifestation of psychopathic and altruistic traits. This study adopts an innovative approach by considering specific combinations of ACEs rather than analysing them in isolation. Study 3 was conducted with a sample of Latin American young adults, expanding the analysis to include expanded ACEs, which take into account economic and social factors relevant to that context. The thesis proposes culturally sensitive intervention strategies aimed at preventing and addressing the adverse impact of such experiences.Programa de Doctorat en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupamen
El Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en la universidad: superar las barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación del alumnado autista
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalEsta tesis doctoral explora cómo la Universitat Jaume I (Castellón de la Plana) promueve una educación inclusiva desde la perspectiva del alumnado autista, utilizando el enfoque del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA). A través de una metodología cualitativa y siete estudios, se identifican diferentes barreras para su participación y aprendizaje, así como facilitadores desde el enfoque DUA. Aunque el profesorado muestra una actitud proactiva, desconoce cómo implementar prácticas más inclusivas. Los servicios de apoyo son clave, aunque requieren de una mayor coordinación entre los distintos agentes para garantizar que sus funciones sean verdaderamente efectivas. La propuesta formativa Encuentros impulsa el diálogo entre estudiantado, profesorado y especialistas para construir colectivamente conocimiento y avanzar hacia una universidad más inclusiva. La investigación concluye que la UJI muestra un compromiso con la inclusión, aunque señala la necesidad de un respaldo institucional más sólido, que impulse estas iniciativas como parte de su modelo universitario.This research explores how the Jaume I University (Castellón de la Plana) promotes inclusive education from the perspective of autistic students, using the framework of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Through a qualitative methodology and seven studies, various barriers to their participation and learning are identified, as well as facilitators aligned with the UDL approach. Although faculty members display a proactive attitude, they often lack knowledge on how to implement more inclusive practices. Support services play a key role, although greater coordination among stakeholders is needed to ensure that their functions are truly effective. The training initiative Encuentros fosters dialogue among students, faculty, and specialists to collectively build knowledge and advance toward a more inclusive university. The research concludes that UJI demonstrates a commitment to inclusion, while also highlighting the need for stronger institutional support to drive such initiatives as part of its university model.Programa de Doctorat en Educaci
Name Change Policies for Trans, Nonbinary, and Intersex Students: Challenges Facing Spanish University Administrators
No full textSpanish universities are currently applying different protocols designed to facilitate name and/or gender changes in the documentation of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individuals in their education communities in compliance with the legislation in force. These policies aim to address the discrimination experienced by these people in everyday life, guaranteeing certain rights in the university context. This study evaluates the implementation of one of these protocols in a public university from the perspective of the technical and administrative personnel responsible for its application. Semistructured interviews were conducted with the university staff responsible for implementing the protocol in a variety of university departments. Thematic coding was used to analyze the data in order to identify the key problems and the patterns related to its operation and impact. The results revealed important challenges in the implementation of the university protocol, including confusions about the process, inconsistent application between departments, technical limitations, and a general lack of knowledge about the reality of the lives of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individuals. Protocols like the one studied represent an advance towards inclusion, but their effectiveness is limited by administrative, technical, and training barriers. Improvements in these areas are fundamental if regulations of this type are to be more than merely a façade. Universities need to prioritize a culture change that goes beyond complying with legislation or wishing to have a good reputation. A more comprehensive strategy could guarantee university involvement in the rights of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individuals
Neural and behavioural correlates of maladaptive emotion regulation in subclinical anxiety
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalMaladaptive emotion regulation is a major facet of anxiety disorders, contributing to their development and reinforcement of symptoms. However, we still lack understanding of how these phenomena are related to self-blaming emotions, sleep and monoaminergic neuromodulation of brain functions. The current thesis provided insights into maladaptive regulation of self-blaming emotions in subclinically anxious individuals, highlighting crucial contributions from the social semantic system in the superior anterior temporal lobes, particularly its guilt-dependent coupling with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The discussed frontal area additionally acted as a region connecting emotional dysregulation with poor sleep. The contributions of the monoaminergic systems were in turn present in the form of increased activity of the noradrenergic centers, and dysconnectivity of the dopaminergic areas with the fronto-parietal control network. Combined, the results of the thesis highlight the complex nature of anxiety disorders, pointing at the important interplay of semantic cognition, neuromodulatory processes and cognitive emotion regulation.Programa de Doctorat en Psicologi
Child–parent violence and school bullying in juvenile court: comparative study through polytomous logistic regression
No full textChild–parent violence and school bullying are types of violence exercised by minors. Many studies have examined the high current levels of each one separately, as well as their significant consequences. However, while a few studies have focused researchers’ interest on the relationship between the two types of violence; our objective is to contribute to the literature by further exploring risk factors and comparing these forms of violence with general juvenile offending. The files presented by the Prosecutor's Office for Minors from 2011 to 2017 were reviewed using a descriptive and exploratory model. The sample consists of 405 Spanish juvenile offenders, with an age range of 14–17 years. The criteria for selection were the identification of a behaviour involving bullying or child–parent violence. As a result, this study focuses on describing the juveniles’ characteristics, using variables such as emotional deficit, exposure to violence, the risk of recidivism according to the YLS/CMI, recidivism and type of offence. Findings provide some support for research on the relationship between both types of violence, on one hand to raise awareness about these problems, but also when proposing preventive interventions with children and adolescents focused on reducing the associated risk factors
Challenges of the Mexican Financial System: Empirical Studies on Financial Inclusion and Banking Competition
No full textThe research presented in this PhD Thesis provides new empirical evidence on the dynamics of financial inclusion and banking competition in Mexico. By studying the probability and the determinants of establishing a branch (chapter 1), developing an innovative index of inclusion (chapter 2), constructing a series of indices of inclusion on time (chapter 3), incorporating a geographic visualization (chapter4), and analyzing the role of multimarket contacts in competition (chapter 5), this work advances the understanding of structural and behavioural factors shaping the Mexican financial system. In analyzing financial inclusion, a central focus of this thesis is the study of geographic disparities. The availability of municipal-level data enabled the analysis to be conducted at a highly disaggregated scale, thereby uncovering local heterogeneities that are often concealed within national or aggregate statistics. Moreover, the recognition of the multidimensional nature of financial inclusion constitutes a distinctive feature of the approach taken in three of the articles included in this dissertation. These contributions examine not only the dimension of access, but also usage, along with several relevant subdimensions within both categories, thus providing a more comprehensive and nuanced picture of financial inclusion in Mexico. With regard to banking competition, the research extends beyond traditional measures of market structure and performance to explore the dynamics of bank behavior under conditions of municipal multimarket contact (MMC). By examining how geographic overlap and the intensity of multimarket interactions affect competitive conduct, the analysis offers a more nuanced perspective on the determinants of market power, complementing conventional competition analysis.Programa de Doctorat en Economia i Empres
Blue inkjet inks from E-waste: Toward a greener ceramic industry
No full textCeramic pigments are one of the most expensive components in ceramic tile manufacturing. Cobalt is considered a critical raw material for the European Union, and new regulations for ensuring access to these materials are being adopted, enhancing the recycling capacity of each strategic raw material from waste. This study assessed the suitability of LiCoO2 cathode material recovered from spent Li-ion batteries as a substitute for the cobalt blue ceramic pigment (CoAl2O4) in the formulation of ceramic inks. With that, the manufacturing process of the ceramic pigment was avoided, resulting in a reduction of energy consumption (≈67.000 MJ/ton) and greenhouse gas emissions associated (≈ 4000 kg CO2 eq./ton). Results showed an increase in the red component (a*). Besides, the ink prepared with recovered material presented a decrease in the blue component (b*) when applied over a porcelain tile. These results enhanced the importance of homogeneity in the recovered material composition
Biomaterials based on LMWG-polymer multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels
No full textDoctorat internacionalSupramolecular hydrogels are formed through the self-assembly of low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) in water, creating three-dimensional fiber networks via non-covalent interactions. The primary drawback of supramolecular hydrogels is their generally low mechanical strength. Therefore, the fabrication of hybrid LMWG-biopolymer materials is a useful strategy to enhance the final properties of the material. In this context, the synthesis of novel supramolecular hybrid hydrogels combining LMWGs with biopolymers for use as multicomponent biomaterials is notably relevant. On one hand, LMWG-polymer conjugates are prepared by synthesizing two low-molecular-weight peptide fragments that are covalently linked to the polymer, L-polyglutamic acid (PGA). On the other hand, multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels are developed. These hydrogels are formulated using biocompatible polymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), L-polyglutamic acid (PGA), or different gelatins, which are combined with a supramolecular gelator based on dipeptides.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Cognitive training in Multiple Sclerosis: behavioural and neuroimaging evidence from a restorative working memory training.
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalPeople with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) often experience cognitive impairment, particularly affecting working memory (WM) and information processing speed (IPS). This thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of an intensive WM training program in PwMS and identify clinical and neurobiological predictors of its efficacy. Thirty-five PwMS completed a 10-day n-back training and underwent neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessments before and after the intervention. Results showed significant improvements in both the trained task and untrained WM/IPS tasks, indicating near transfer effects. Thalamic volume and baseline WM/IPS performance had a direct influence on training outcomes, with the latter mediating the impact of other variables. Resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network (rsFC-DMN) emerged as the most robust predictor. Overall, the training proved effective in PwMS, and both structural and cognitive integrity, along with baseline rsFC-DMN, predicted the extent of the benefits. This project underscores the relevance of timely cognitive rehabilitation.Programa de Doctorat en Psicologi