97828 research outputs found
Sort by
Reading fiction in a foreign language reduces the neural synchronization between semantic and emotional areas
No full textUnbalanced bilinguals often exhibit reduced emotionality in their non-native language, although the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study investigated neural differences during a silent reading task where late Spanish–English bilinguals read happy, fearful and neutral fiction passages in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages. We observed a significant language-by-emotionality interaction in the left hippocampus while participants read fearful texts, indicating a stronger limbic system response in L1. Functional connectivity analyses revealed lower coupling between semantic (left anterior temporal lobe) and limbic (left amygdala) regions when reading fearful texts in L2, suggesting less integrated emotional processing. Overall, these findings show that emotional reading in unbalanced bilinguals is strongly influenced by language, with a higher emotional response and more integrated connectivity between semantic and affective areas in the native language.This work was supported by the project PID2019-105077RJ-I00 funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by the project CIAICO/2022/180 funded by the Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo and by the Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2021-033809-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the NextGenerationEU/PRTR, awarded to VC. MV was supported by the Grant RYC2019-028370-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.
Apropament entre adolescència i barri mitjançant la metodologia d’Aprenentatge-Servei en el mòdul Itinerari Personal per a l’Ocupabilitat I
No full textMàster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi: SAP229. Curs acadèmic: 2024-2025Aquest Treball Final de Màster del Professorat, especialitzat en Formació Professional, presenta una proposta educativa basada en la metodologia d’Aprenentatge-Servei (ApS), aplicada al mòdul d’Itinerari Personal per a l’Ocupabilitat I. L’objectiu principal és treballar continguts acadèmics i transversals tot enfortint el vincle entre la joventut i el barri.
La proposta es concreta en un intercanvi de formacions mitjançant dues eixides educatives pel barri del centre educatiu. En primer lloc, l’alumnat s’especialitza en Primers Auxilis i ofereix una formació pràctica a una entitat del barri. Aquesta entitat, al seu torn, retorna la formació a l’alumnat amb continguts relacionats amb el mòdul IPO.
A més de la proposta didàctica, aquest treball inclou una investigació prèvia sobre el vincle existent entre l’adolescència i el seu entorn comunitari, així com una recopilació i anàlisi de projectes d’Aprenentatge-Servei desenvolupats en contextos similars. Aquestes accions han permés contextualitzar millor la proposta i reforçar-ne la viabilitat i el valor educatiu.
El projecte està dissenyat per a l’alumnat del cicle formatiu de Tècnic/a en Gestió Administrativa de l’IES El Caminàs (Castelló), en coordinació amb l’entitat sindical Intersindical Valenciana, com a agent actiu del barri.This Final Master’s Project for Secondary Education Teaching, specialized in Vocational Education and Training, presents an educational proposal based on the Service-Learning (ApS) methodology, applied to the module Itinerari Personal per a l’Ocupabilitat I (Personal Pathway to Employability I). The main objective is to address both academic and transversal content while strengthening the relationship between young people and their local community.
The proposal consists of a knowledge exchange involving two educational outings within the school’s neighborhood. First, students specialize in First Aid and deliver a training session to a local community organization. In return, the organization provides training for the students related to the IPO module content.
In addition to the educational proposal, this project includes preliminary research on the current relationship between adolescence and the local environment, as well as a compilation and analysis of other Service-Learning projects implemented in similar educational contexts. These actions have helped contextualize and enhance the relevance and feasibility of the proposal.
The project is designed for students in the Administrative Management Technician program at IES El Caminàs (Castelló), in collaboration with the local union Intersindical Valenciana, which plays an active role in the neighborhood
Carga de enfermedad crónica y su relación con el tipo de enfermedad, calidad de vida y condiciones sociodemográficas en adultos de México.
No full textObjetivos: Adaptar transculturalmente y validar el instrumento para medir carga de la enfermedad crónica para el paciente GCPC-UN en adultos hospitalizados en una ciudad de Veracruz (México). El segundo objetivo consistió en: estudiar la carga de la enfermedad crónica según la enfermedad, nivel de calidad de vida y variables sociodemográficas en adultos hospitalizados en una ciudad de Veracruz. Metodología: estudio observacional, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo para adaptar transculturalmente y validar el instrumento GCPC-UN en una ciudad de Veracruz (México). Se utilizó el instrumento validado para estudiar la carga de la enfermedad crónica y su relación con la calidad de vida y las variables sociodemográficas de la muestra. Resultados: el instrumento para medir carga de la enfermedad crónica GCPC-UN es válido y confiable para su aplicación en el contexto mexicano. Existe correlación negativa entre los dominios de calidad de vida y las dimensiones de carga de la enfermedad crónica.The objective of the study was to culturally adapt and validate the GCPC-UN instrument to measure the burden of chronic disease in adults from a city in Veracruz, Mexico. Additionally, the burden was analyzed according to the type of disease, quality of life, and sociodemographic variables. This was an observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, in which the previously validated GCPC-UN instrument was applied. The validation showed a McDonald's Omega of 0.986 for the 46 items. A negative correlation was identified between quality of life domains and the dimensions of disease burden. The main predictors of burden were the frequency of need for care support, the Charlson comorbidity index, and the type of chronic disease. It is concluded that the GCPC-UN is a reliable and useful instrument for assessing disease burden in adults with chronic conditions, and its use is recommended in nursing practice.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Gestión del Cuidado en Chile: tendencia de indicadores sensibles a enfermería y perspectivas gerenciales
No full textCompendi d'articlesLa gestión del cuidado reconoce la autonomía de la enfermera en Chile. Objetivo: Estudiar la gestión del cuidado en la estructura hospitalaria chilena a través de la tendencia de indicadores sensibles a enfermería y de las perspectivas gerenciales de enfermeras. Se realizaron tres investigaciones cuantitativas sobre infecciones urinarias, torrente sanguíneo y lesiones por presión, analizando series temporales (2001-2019) en todas las regiones del país. Los datos provinieron de egresos hospitalarios. Se realiza análisis descriptivo, bivariante y modelos de regresión Prais-Winsten calculando el cambio porcentual anual. Paralelamente, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa con enfermeras gerentes, aún en evaluación. El análisis cuantitativo muestra un aumento sostenido y significativo en los tres indicadores a lo largo del tiempo. Desde lo cualitativo, surgieron seis subcategorías que abordan los desafíos, procesos reflexivos y riesgos de la gestión del cuidado. Los resultados son preocupantes, se evidencia la necesidad de consolidar el cuidado mediante indicadores y estandarizaciónCare management in Chile, recognized since 1997, gave nurses a strategic role in the hospital structure, especially after the Health Reform of 2000. This thesis analyzed its influence through four studies. The first one evaluated the trend of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, showing an annual increase of 2%. The second examined bloodstream infections linked to central venous catheters, identifying a significant increasing trend at the national level. The third studied the prevalence of pressure ulcers, finding a year-on-year increase of 11.33%. Finally, the fourth, of a qualitative nature, explored the perceptions of nurse managers, highlighting challenges, risks and the need for standardization. Overall, the findings show a sustained increase in nursing-sensitive indicators, which demonstrates the importance of consolidating tools that strengthen the professional role and give greater visibility to care management in the hospital structure.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Taking advantage of zoophytophagous-induced plant defenses to improve pest management in horticultural crops
No full textCompendi d'articlesThe growing global demand for food and the increasing challenges posed by climate change call for the development of innovative and sustainable strategies to enhance crop resilience against biotic and abiotic stressors. Harnessing natural plant defense mechanisms presents a promising alternative to conventional pest management, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This thesis explores the role of zoophytophagous predators and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) in strengthening plant defenses and improving pest management. We investigate Nesidiocoris tenuis, a biological control agent, and its ability to enhance constitutive resistance in tomato plants. Our findings reveal that N. tenuis feeding induces the formation of type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar production, mediated by jasmonic acid signaling, thereby improving resistance against whiteflies. Additionally, we assess the effects of (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate [(Z)-3-HP], a green leaf volatile, on sweet pepper plants. Our findings reveal that (Z)-3-HP exposure upregulates key defense-related genes, enhances resistance to herbivorous pests and abiotic stress, boosts antioxidant activity, and improves plant adaptability to water-deficit conditions. By integrating natural enemies and HIPVs, this research advances sustainable pest management strategies that reinforce plant resilience while reducing environmental impact.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Eficacia y seguridad de la colonoscopia asistida por ENDOCUFF VISION® vs. Colonoscopia estándar en el programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, prospectivo, multicéntrico, abierto y de grupos paralelos.
No full textSe evaluó la efectividad y seguridad de la colonoscopia asistida por Endocuff Vision comparada con la colonoscopia estándar en los pacientes del programa nacional de cribado de cáncer colorrectal. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, prospectivo, multicéntrico, abierto y de grupos paralelos entre noviembre 2020-octubre 2021 en 5 centros en España. Se incluyeron pacientes que presentaban un test de sangre oculta positivo previo. Se aleatorizaron en dos grupos según se realizara la colonoscopia estándar (SC) o utilizando Endocuff Vision (EVAC). El objetivo principal era evaluar la tasa de detección de adenomas (TDA). Se incluyeron un total de 822 pacientes (410 EVAC y 412 SC). La TDA fue significativamente mayor en el grupo EVAC (59,8% vs 51%; p=0,02). Hubo 11 colonoscopias incompletas en cada grupo (2,7% frente a 2,7%; p=0,99). No se observaron diferencias en los efectos adversos (0,24% frente a 0,24%).Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening aims to detect precancerous lesions to reduce interval cancer incidence. Colonoscopy is the standard diagnostic technique, but some lesions may be missed. Endocuff Vision® is a device designed to improve colonic mucosa visibility. This study evaluated its effectiveness and safety compared to standard colonoscopy within the Spanish national CRC screening program. A randomized, multicenter, prospective clinical trial was conducted with 822 patients aged 50–70 years with a positive fecal occult blood test. Patients were assigned to undergo either Endocuff Vision-assisted colonoscopy (EVAC) or standard colonoscopy (SC). The adenoma detection rate was significantly higher in the EVAC group (59.8% vs. 51%; p=0.02). There were no differences in incomplete colonoscopies or adverse events between groups. In conclusion, Endocuff Vision improves adenoma detection without increasing risks, contributing to a reduction in interval CRC cases.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Biomèdiques i Salu
Big Data and Social Media for Sustainability: Proposal for a framework and methodology to foster People Sustainable Behavior and to assess Corporate Sustainability
No full textCompendi d'articlesA large part of the population is not aware of the importance of sustainable behaviours and continues engaging in behaviours like failing to recycle, littering in natural settings, wasting water, overconsuming, etc. On the other hand, to know whether a company is behaving sustainably, stakeholders usually resort to the sustainability reports issued by the corporations themselves. However, this can lead to information bias or greenwashing. This PhD theses contribute to solve two research gaps regarding individuals' lack of awareness of the need for sustainable behaviours, and the lack of an independent procedure to assess Corporate Sustainability, by (1) Proposing a guiding framework on how to use Online Social Networks (OSNs) for Sustainability Awareness and Individuals’ Behaviour, as well developing a future research agenda in the field; and (2) Developing a method to assess Corporate Sustainability with an ESG approach (environmental, social and governance) using stakeholders’ opinions on the internet.Programa de Doctorat en Economia i Empres
Devenir maestra intercultural. Un relato autoetnográfico de encuentros multisituados
No full textDoctorat internacionalAnte una sociedad en constante cambio y transformación donde predomina la globalización y los movimientos migratorios, es necesario crear conjuntamente políticas interculturales que generen puentes entre las culturas que conviven en un mismo territorio. El presente estudio, parte de un trabajo de introspección basado en el método autoetnográfico con la finalidad de transformar los patrones etnocéntricos implícitos en nuestra mirada, nuestros paradigmas y nuestras prácticas docentes. A través del relato autoetnográfico se muestra una parte del proceso de devenir maestra intercultural, destacando que en la formación académica caben otros paradigmas y otros enfoques pedagógicos. Este método autoetnográfico relaciona la investigación etnográfica con el proceso creativo artístico. El relato autoetnográfico se convierte en un aporte a la generación de conocimiento científico que nos permite dar sentido a los encuentros interculturales e intervenir crítica y democráticamente en nuestra vida y en la de las otras personas con las que nos encontramos.In a society in constant change and transformation marked by globalization, migratory movements, global crises, and armed conflicts, it is necessary to create intercultural policies that build bridges between cultures coexisting in the same territory. This study is based on introspection using the autoethnographic method with the aim of transforming the ethnocentric patterns implicit in our outlook, our paradigms, and our teaching practices. Through autoethnographic narrative, it shows part of the process of becoming an intercultural teacher, highlighting that academic training can include other paradigms and pedagogical approaches that open our outlook. This autoethnographic method relates ethnographic research to the artistic creative process. The autoethnographic narrative becomes a contribution to the generation of scientific knowledge that allows us to make sense of intercultural encounters and to intervene critically and democratically in our life and in the other people's lives we encounter. Finally, as future lines of research, we propose to use the autoethnographic narrative in teacher background.Programa de Doctorat en Educaci
“Afrotopías”: identidad africana ante el desafío de la violencia. Consideraciones desde la ética cordial y la crítica política de la resistencia.
No full textLas dinámicas sociales africanas están ganando nuevos impulsos a medida que la sociedad civil ensancha sus horizontes gracias a la confluencia de varios factores: el despertar tardío de muchos africanos, especialmente jóvenes, de la gran noche del colonialismo; los mecanismos de la globalización que impregnan cada vez más los espacios africanos con contenidos disruptivos; la crisis política en todo el continente de las narrativas de las independencias secuestradas por élites locales; la recuperación simbólica identitaria de los recursos religiosos, étnicos y culturales; el progresivo aumento de referentes intelectuales y la cada vez más capaz, sólida e influyente academia africana. Todo ello está poniendo al continente africano en un proceso desafiante de redefinición, tomada de conciencia y proyección constructiva del futuro. En las raíces autóctonas se encuentran elementos preciosos para que esta tarea pueda llevarse a cabo poniendo en primer lugar el reconocimiento de las personas y los pueblos de África, leyendo la experiencia y la tradición de occidente para aprender de ella y superarla en humanidad, acogiendo en esta construcción de lo propio los esfuerzos del Sur Global, de la subalternidad y del reto permanente de una medida de humanidad que esté a la altura de nuestro tiempo convulso. Esta investigación propone bases morales para construir una identidad africana decolonial desde la filosofía moral y la hermenéutica crítica: desde el lugar de más abajo, desde las víctimas, desde la cordialidad ubuntuista, desde la resistencia política a la sumisión y a las nuevas esclavitudes, desde la creatividad que nace de la aceptación humilde e incondicional de quien se es, de la historia vivida y la herencia recibida, pero en camino hacia una plenitud en humanidad capaz de hablar en el mundo global en el que se realizan los proyectos vitales. El análisis crítico de la violencia y el pluralismo radical aportan las claves más originales de esta investigación.The way in which Africa currently defines itself has changed substantially since the early years of independence. African societies are consolidating thanks to a greater awareness of citizenship brought about by a self-inscription of identity that is gradually overcoming the ideological resources, obstacles of a psychosocial nature, imposed on the structures built by colonial violence. The mechanisms of globalisation are increasingly permeating African spaces with disruptive content, contributing to a political crisis that is permeating the entire continent. The narratives of independence hijacked by local elites are being called into question, while a symbolic recovery of identity is taking place based on religious, ethnic and cultural resources. At the same time, there is an increase in intellectual role models and an increasingly capable, solid and influential African academia. This research project is part of this challenging effort of redefinition, of raising awareness and of constructive projection of the future by the Global South. It aims to take advantage of precious elements of indigenous African roots in dialogue with Western perspectives, to offer light in this task, putting the recognition of the people and the peoples of Africa first. From the perspective of a measure of humanity that is equal to our turbulent times, moral bases are proposed for constructing a decolonial African identity based on moral philosophy and critical hermeneutics: the lowest place, the perspective of the victims, ubuntuist cordiality, political resistance to submission and to the new forms of slavery, creativity born of the humble and unconditional acceptance of who one is, one's and the inheritance received, are elements that are brought into play in the search for a fulfilment in humanity that can speak in the global world in which life projects are realised. The critical analysis of the dimensions of violence and radical pluralism provide the most original keys.Programa de Doctorat en Ètica i Democràci
Neurobiological correlates of CBT response in OCD through the analysis of resting state networks
No full textObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by obsessions and compulsions that cause significant distress and functional impairment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly involving exposure and response prevention (ERP), is a first-line treatment for OCD, though patient response varies widely. This study investigates the neurobiological correlates of CBT response in OCD, focusing on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations. Twenty-five patients with OCD and 26 matched controls underwent resting-state fMRI at baseline and post-CBT. Results indicated decreased rsFC at baseline in OCD patients compared to controls within the higher visual (HVN), posterior salience (PSN), and language networks (LN). Following CBT, patients showed increased HVN connectivity, suggesting a normalization of the rsFC within this network. Additionally, we found an association between baseline LN rsFC and symptom improvement after CBT (the higher the connectivity, the more the symptom improvement), suggesting that LN connectivity could be a predictor of treatment response. These findings emphasize the role of sensory processing networks in OCD and highlight the ability of CBT to modulate brain connectivity