97828 research outputs found
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Autopercepción de competencias y entorno de prácticas en estudiantes de enfermería en el este de Inglaterra
No full textLa experiencia práctico-clínica tiene un papel esencial en la formación universitaria de las enfermeras. La percepción de los estudiantes de su entorno de prácticas y la autopercepción de su preparación para desenvolverse en dicho entorno aparecen destacados en la literatura. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de tipo correlacional en estudiantes del Grado de Enfermería en una universidad del este de Inglaterra para analizar la relación entre el entorno en las prácticas clínicas y el nivel de competencia percibido por los participantes. Se encontró una asociación positiva entre el entorno y el nivel de competencia y diferencias significativas de competencia autopercibida entre los grupos. Los estudiantes del grado de Enfermería valoran de forma favorable su entorno de prácticas, lo cual influye en una autopercepción general positiva de su nivel de competencia. Sería recomendable explorar en mayor profundidad a los diferentes grupos de estudiantes.Practice experience plays an essential role in the undergraduate education of nurses. Students' perceptions of their practice environment and the self-perception of their preparedness to work in that environment are highlighted in the literature as relevant factors. A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study of undergraduate nursing students at a university in the East of England was conducted to examine participants' perceived level of competence and its relationship to the clinical practice environment. A positive association was found between environment and level of competence. There were significant differences in self-perceived competence between the groups. Nursing students rate their practice environment favourably, and this influences their overall positive perception of their level of competence. Further exploration of these findings in different groups of students would be advisable.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Single-pixel microscopy: principles, new sampling approaches and applications
No full textDoctorat internacionalThis thesis introduces the concept of single-pixel imaging (SPI) to optical microscopy, designing, implementing and evaluating SPI-based microscopes for use in situations where camera-based systems are ineffective due to spectral constraints, low photon counts and high costs. To this end, three key challenges are addressed: optical sectioning, lateral resolution and acquisition time. Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) is employed to enhance optical sectioning by projecting high-spatial-frequency fringes and to improve resolution by combining super-resolution patterns with conventional ones used in SPI. Additionally, the work extends microscopy to computational optical scanning holography (COSH) with optical sectioning, enabling fast volumetric acquisitions and mitigating out-of-focus blur. Finally, the thesis proposes a sampling-pattern preselection algorithm guided by an analysis of sampling patterns within the constraints of the optical system. This reduces the number of required measurements and patterns for the sampling process.Programa de Doctorat en Cièncie
Estudio y modelado de la dispersión de contaminantes procedentes de fuentes pasivas con OpenFOAM
No full textLas emisiones odoríferas de las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDARs) constituyen un importante desafío ambiental debido a su impacto en la calidad de vida de las comunidades cercanas. Estas emisiones, originadas principalmente en fuentes pasivas superficiales como tanques abiertos, incluyen compuestos como el sulfuro de hidrógeno y amoníaco, los cuales son detectables incluso a bajas concentraciones. El presente estudio aborda el modelado de la dispersión de contaminantes mediante Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD), empleando el software OpenFOAM. Se modelan las fuentes pasivas mediante la analogía con cavidades bidimensionales, con el objetivo de desarrollar un modelo analítico que pueda integrarse en simulaciones de microescala urbana, reduciendo el coste computacional al simplificar la representación de las fuentes emisoras. Además, se incluye el uso de redes neuronales entrenadas con resultados CFD para predicciones rápidas, lo que permite realizar estudios paramétricos extensos y optimizar la gestión de las emisiones odoríferas.Odorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have low detection thresholds, causing discomfort in nearby communities. These emissions mainly originate from passive surface sources, whose volatilization depends on environmental factors. This study models pollutant dispersion using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in OpenFOAM, representing passive sources as two-dimensional cavities. The emission rate is analyzed based on geometric and physical variables to develop an analytical model that optimizes microscale simulations. To reduce computational cost, neural networks trained with CFD results are employed, enabling efficient predictions of wind fields and pollutant concentrations. The combination of physical models and Deep Learning enhances the assessment of environmental impact and optimizes emission management in urban and industrial environments.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies Industrials i Material
Informe GUESSS 2023-2024. Emprendimiento en la Universitat Jaume I
No full textEl proyecto internacional GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey), coordinado por las universidades de St. Gallen y Berna (Suiza), analiza las intenciones y actividades emprendedoras del estudiantado en más de 50 países y 1.300 universidades. En España está liderado por el Observatorio del Emprendimiento de España
Advanced Flow platforms for Sustainable Processes
No full textCompendi d'articlesThe present doctoral thesis is focused on the digitalisation of chemical syntheses in the context of sustainable chemistry. This is applied to different processes, previously described in batch, with their transition into digital flow platforms for an overall improvement of process sustainability, with enhanced yield and more efficient use of resources. In that sense, different cases of study are tackled with the digital design of reactor geometries, their production onsite via additive manufacturing and the development of the corresponding digital flow platforms. The works can be divided in two thematic areas. In the first one, new more sustainable chemical synthesis routes are pursued, with strategies like the use of flow electrochemical reactors or carbon dioxide as a feedstock. In the second one, a flow platform for the reproducible synthesis of perovskite single crystals is developed, with improvements in material properties and the possibility of producing combined material crystals.Programa de Doctorat en Química Sostenibl
Estrategias innovadoras en fisioterapia tras artroplastia de rodilla: del quirófano al movimiento
No full textCompendi d'articlesLa artroplastia total de rodilla es el tratamiento más común para la artrosis avanzada. Los programas Fast-Track mejoran la recuperación y reducen la estancia hospitalaria. Esta tesis evalúa la eficacia de dichos programas y la seguridad de un sistema de telerrehabilitación (TRH) en el seguimiento domiciliario, así como los factores que influyen en la adherencia al ejercicio. Se desarrollaron tres estudios: un análisis retrospectivo comparativo de 507 pacientes (tratamiento tradicional vs. Fast-Track); un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 52 pacientes (con o sin TRH mediante ReHub®); y un análisis de adherencia en 42 pacientes. Los resultados mostraron que los programas Fast-Track permiten mayor movilidad y recuperación más rápida. El sistema ReHub® es seguro y mejora la adherencia y la fuerza muscular del cuádriceps. Factores como nivel educativo, apoyo social y ausencia de depresión influyen positivamente en la adherencia. La TRH puede compensar la falta de apoyo social y favorecer mejores resultados.Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common treatment for advanced osteoarthritis. Fast-Track programmes enhance recovery and reduce hospital stay. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of such programmes and the safety of a telerehabilitation (TRH) system in home-based follow-up, as well as the factors influencing exercise adherence.Three studies were conducted: a retrospective comparative analysis of 507 patients (traditional treatment vs. Fast-Track); a randomised clinical trial involving 52 patients (with or without TRH via ReHub®); and a secondary adherence analysis in 42 patients. The results showed that Fast-Track programmes enable greater mobility and faster recovery. The ReHub® system is safe and improves adherence and muscle strength. Factors such as educational level, social support, and absence of depression positively influence adherence. TRH may compensate for the lack of social support and contribute to improved functional outcomes.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Effects of gender stereotypes on information processing and cognitive performance
No full textThis thesis investigates how gender stereotypes shape cognitive processes, focusing on two interrelated dimensions: the association between gender and social status, and the impact of gender-science stereotypes in STEM. Studies 1 and 2 examined how implicit associations linking men with high-status and women with low-status professions influence memory. Participants completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a memory task with masculine and feminine forms of high- and low-status professions. Participants remembered feminine forms of high-status professions less accurately and produced fewer false recalls, while the opposite pattern emerged for masculine forms. Memory biases were correlated with IAT scores and strongest under incidental encoding. Study 3 examined how activating stereotypes about women’s lower math ability affected engineering students in a math task. Stereotype threat reduced women’s confidence and performance while enhancing men’s, particularly among those with stronger gender-science associations. Overall, the studies reveal the deep and persistent impact of gender stereotypes.Programa de Doctorat en Psicologi
Positive Impacts of Olive Oil Enriched with Lycopene on the Plasma Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status of Hypercholesterolemic Patients
No full textAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is responsible for several cardiovascular events such as ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and ischemic stroke. Olive oil and lycopene are foods that have potent antioxidant activity. The objective was to determine the effects of consumption of olive oil enriched with lycopene on oxidative stress biomarkers in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The study product sample “lycopene-olive oil” consisted of virgin olive oil enriched with lycopene (350 mg/L). Patients (n = 80) were recruited from the town of Moralzarzal, Madrid, Spain, including healthy men and women with cholesterol levels over 220 mg/dL. The effects of oil enriched with lycopene extract daily intake were examined for 1 month on plasma antioxidant capacity, lipid profile (triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, HDL-C; LDL-C, ox-LDL), biomarkers of oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis risk (C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6; sDC4L) in subjects with hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol > 220 mg/dL). In the group consuming olive oil-lycopene, significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of plasma lycopene concentration (0.146 ± 0.03 versus 0.202 ± 0.04 (mol/L)), -carotene (0.166 ± 0.064 versus 0.238 ± 0.07) and -carotene (0.493 ± 0.187 versus 0.713 ± 0.221) were observed. These results are linked with the increases of plasma antioxidants and decrease in biomarkers of oxidative stress (carbonyl groups, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine) observed in the hypercholesterolemic group. In relation to the lipid profile, a significant decrease was observed in the levels of ox-LDL (781 ± 302 versus 494 ± 200), remaining unchanged in the levels of TG, cholesterol, HDL and LDL-C. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, the levels of CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly. The positive results obtained in this study support the use of olive oil enriched with lycopene to reduce the risk of coronary disease. The results also indicate that triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels did not change significantly. However, ox-LDL levels decreased significantly only in the group supplemented with lycopene-olive oil. In conclusion, this study suggests that foods containing olive oil and lycopene can significantly contribute to reducing LDL-induced oxidative stress
Traducción EN > ES de un fragmento de la obra Terapia Intensiva, de la Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva (SATI)
No full textMàster Universitari en Traducció Medicosanitària (Pla de 2013) Codi: SBA031. Curs: 2024/202
Modelización avanzada y efectos de interacción vehículo—vía—estructura para el análisis del comportamiento dinámico de puentes de FFCC en vía convencional y de alta velocidad
No full textCompendi d'articlesEn los próximos 25 años se prevé un crecimiento considerable de la Red Transeuropea de Transporte, pudiendo verse comprometida la seguridad del tráfico. Para asegurar la integridad estructural de las infraestructuras existentes, la Agencia Ferroviaria Europea ha advertido que resulta necesario mejorar los métodos de predicción actuales. Con el foco puesto en los puentes de vigas isostáticos de luces medias—cortas, estructuras propensas a sufrir elevados niveles de aceleración vertical en sus tableros, la presente Tesis Doctoral se centra en el análisis de éstos empleando modelos detallados y tratando de identificar situaciones donde los modelos planos de viga pueden no resultar conservadores a la hora de predecir la máxima respuesta. Además, se evalúa el grado de ajuste alcanzado al considerar el fenómeno de interacción vehículo—vía balasto—estructura en presencia de irregularidades del carril, para mejorar la predicción dinámica en el tablero en condiciones de resonancia y no resonancia.The Trans—European Transport Network is expected to experience significant growth over the next 25 years, which could compromise traffic safety. To ensure the structural integrity of existing infrastructures, the European Union Agency for Railways has highlighted the need to enhance current prediction methods. Focusing on simply supported railway girder bridges of short—to—medium span lengths, which are prone to suffer high vertical acceleration levels, this Doctoral Thesis centres on the analysis of the aforementioned structures using detailed models, trying to identify situations where simplified planar beam assumptions may not be conservative for predicting the maximum response. Furthermore, the degree of adjustment achieved considering the train—track—bridge interaction phenomenon accounting for the vertical irregularities of the rails is evaluated, in order to improve the dynamic predictions under resonant and non—resonant conditions.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies Industrials i Material