97828 research outputs found
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Propuesta de intervención para el análisis de prejuicios e implantación de talleres en materia de igualdad y género en el alumnado adolescente
No full textTreball final de Màster Universitari en Igualtat i Gènere en l'Àmbit Públic i Privat (Pla de 2013). Codi: SRM042. Curs acadèmic 2024-2025En la actualidad, la sociedad ha avanzado en muchos ámbitos a nivel de igualdad y libertades ante la ley. No obstante, las situaciones de desigualdad de género continúan extendiéndose en nuevas formas, sobre todo desde la infancia y la adolescencia. Los centros educativos conforman espacios de socialización fundamentales para la adolescencia, constituyendo un microsistema social donde se cultivan ciertos patrones, lo cual convierte a esta etapa en un objetivo elemental de análisis para la intervención y prevención.
De la misma manera, la creciente proximidad de la política y el discurso público en la etapa adolescente a través de las redes sociales, ha expuesto a la juventud a un alto riesgo de desinformación y propagación de bulos, lo cual contribuye a la perpetuación de estereotipos de género. Paralelamente, la precocidad en las relaciones afectivosexuales, en un contexto de cambio social y educativo, requiere una revisión crítica de los modelos de socialización para abordar de manera efectiva la cuestión de género actual.
El objetivo de este proyecto es realizar un análisis e identificación de roles de género y estereotipos sexistas que potencian las situaciones de violencia de género. Asimismo, este estudio sirve de base para poder implementar futuras problemáticas a través de dinámicas y talleres en las aulas para responder a las necesidades de las presentes generaciones de adolescentes. Por lo tanto, el eje principal del trabajo es estudiar una etapa esencial como es la adolescencia a través de unas prácticas de base y su correspondiente análisis comparativo con otros estudios. Todo ello, teniendo en cuenta las características psicoevolutivas de las diferentes edades y etapas de la adolescencia para seguir favoreciendo la intervención y creación de espacios igualitarios que partan de los contextos reales de los centros educativos hacia la realidad social.Today, society has advanced in many areas at the level of equality and freedoms before the law. However, situations of gender inequality continue to spread in new forms, especially from childhood and adolescence.
Educational centers are fundamental socialization spaces for adolescence, constituting a social microsystem where certain patterns are cultivated, which makes this stage an elementary objective of analysis for intervention and prevention. In the same way, the growing proximity of politics and public discourse in adolescence through social networks has exposed young people to a high risk of misinformation and the spread of hoaxes, which contributes to the perpetuation of gender stereotypes. At the same time, precocity in affective-sexual relationships, in a context of social and educational change, requires a critical review of socialization models to effectively address the current gender issue.
The objective of this project is to carry out an analysis and identification of gender roles and sexist stereotypes that enhance situations of gender violence. Likewise, this study serves as a basis for implementing future problems through dynamics and workshops in the classrooms to respond to the needs of the present generations of adolescents. Therefore, the main axis of the work is to study an essential stage such as adolescence through basic practices and their corresponding comparative analysis with other studies. All this, taking into account the psychoevolutionary characteristics of the different ages and stages of adolescence to continue favoring the intervention and creation of egalitarian spaces that start from the real contexts of educational centers towards social realit
Anàlisi de la representació de la menopausa en la premsa espanyola (2010 - 2024)
No full textTreball final de Màster Universitari en Igualtat i Gènere en l'Àmbit Públic i Privat (Pla de 2013). Codi: SRM044. Curs acadèmic 2024-2025La menopausa o climateri és una etapa vital caracteritzada pel cessament de l’activitat ovàrica que habitualment es produeix entre els 45 i 55 anys. La reducció de certs nivells hormonals provoca diferents canvis en el cos de les dones, però també sabem que afecta a nivell emocional i social.
Segons dades del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, l’any 2022 a Espanya residien quasi dotze milions de dones majors de quaranta-cinc anys. Per tant, aquesta etapa vital condiciona el dia a dia d’una gran part de la població del nostre medi.
La menopausa és sens dubte un fet importat en el cicle de vida de les dones i en el constructe de «ser dona». Al llarg de la història han existit diferents discursos socials i mèdics sobre la menopausa, la majoria d’ells impregnats d’estereotips patològics i negatius relacionats amb el final de la vida reproductiva i útil a diversos nivells.
Aquests discursos estan presents d’una forma o altra en tots els aspectes de la societat, incloent-hi els mitjans de comunicació, que són també actors implicats en la construcció social d’aquesta etapa de la vida. A aquest treball s’avaluen les característiques dels textos que contenen la paraula «menopausa» publicats entre els anys 2010 i 2024 en tres periòdics de tirada estatal: «El Mundo», «El País» i «Público».
L’objectiu és analitzar la forma de representar la menopausa en una mostra concreta de la premsa espanyola. Per a dur-ho a terme es fa una primera anàlisi quantitativa de les característiques dels textos escrits per data i tipus de publicació. També s’analitza la temàtica principal i la identitat de les persones que els escriuen. Es completa el treball amb l’anàlisi qualitativa d’aquells textos el tema central dels quals és la ciència o qualsevol aspecte relacionat amb la salut i el benestar.
Alguna de les principals conclusions és que el nombre de publicacions en què apareix el mot «menopausa» augmenta al llarg del temps d’una forma molt clara durant el període analitzat, especialment des de l’any 2018, i la majoria estan escrites per dones. Respecte a l’anàlisi qualitativa, de forma general, i amb algunes diferències segons el periòdic de publicació, en els textos estudiats continuen predominant els temes associats a la pèrdua de la fertilitat i la bellesa des d’una posició discursiva patologitzant, hereva del paradigma biomèdic tradicional
Creativity in education : The case of East and Southeast Asian preschools
No full textThis chapter situates the notion of creativity in education, and more specifically in the context of preschools in East and Southeast Asia. The first section elaborates on the role of creativity in today’s society. We begin by discussing the origin of the notion of creativity, its meaning and multifaceted nature, and its relevance across multiple fields of knowledge. We revise some of the most important conceptualizations proposed in recent decades by psychology and education scholars, alluding to the most important components, requirements, and abilities involved in creative behaviours, as well as the strands that determine the emergence of creativity in educational settings. Around the world, creativity is regarded as a highly desirable competency for multiple reasons, including economic factors. Neoliberalism has legitimated creativity by including it as part of the positive social imaginary. National slogans advocate for the promotion of creativity, critical thinking, and innovation, which are seen as critical competencies in the labor market. Despite the importance and widespread presence of creativity in today’s societies, the second section of the chapter argues that creativity is a culturally bound construct. Cultural values, beliefs, and worldviews strongly influence the ways in which societies conceptualize creativity, as well the ways to determine what constitutes creativity and evaluate creative products or ideas. It is therefore inappropriate to seek universally valid definitions for this construct. Creativity in the West tends to be strongly associated with the ideas of originality, novelty, and innovation, while Eastern cultures tend to prioritize the production of final products that are useful, practical, and respond to specific needs. While these are not opposite perspectives, they seem to reflect cultural values that lead to differences in how creativity is fostered in educational settings. In the final section of the chapter, we argue that teachers’ pedagogical strategies to foster children’s creativity should be tailored to the characteristics of each specific socio-cultural context. However, the preschool education literature in East and Southeast Asia does not offer sufficient exemplary case studies on how to foster children’s creativity in culturally situated and responsive ways. Indeed, glocal proposals are lacking in the literature. This edited book, therefore, aims to fill this gap by focusing on creativity in the arts
Mapping the road to accessibility in online dictionaries
No full textIn the digital age, online dictionaries have become fundamental tools for language learning and for immediate access to lexical information. Yet, the mere availability of lexicographic data is insufficient. For an online dictionary to be truly useful, it must be accessible, that is, its information must be organised in such a way that it can be easily found, perceived and understood by any of its users.
This study hypothesises that user support strategies are not always consistently or explicitly presented across online dictionaries. Given the potential of online dictionaries as valuable resources for language learning, it is essential to classify these support mechanisms and promote their explicit instruction (Margalitadze & Márkus, 2024) to enhance accessibility and pedagogical effectiveness. As pointed out by Arias-Badia and Torner (2023), accessibility in lexicography is two-fold: accessibility as the path users follow to solve their linguistic needs, and accessibility as addressing and trying to meet diverse users’ needs. We should point out that in our view both are interdependent. If a dictionary addresses, for instance, insufficient contrast in their entries but the user does not know where and how a particular information is given, then the tandem is broken, and vice-versa.
This chapter argues for a systematic classification of user support types and that the design of such a classification can be a useful tool within the framework of online content accessibility. To that aim, we will analyse five online dictionaries to ascertain whether the dictionaries analysed provide explicit guidance as to which kinds of support the dictionary contains. Lack of explicit explanation of available user support may indicate that there is room for improvement in online dictionary accessibility and usability
Analysis, development and experimental evaluation of ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration systems with natural refrigerants
No full textDoctorat internacionalRefrigeration is essential for preserving sensitive products by maintaining temperatures below ambient. Vapor compression cycles are the standard method, but their efficiency drops as the temperature lift increases. Ultra-low temperature (ULT) applications, such as vaccine or biomedical storage, require significant temperature differences, making conventional systems inefficient and environmentally harmful. This thesis proposes a more sustainable solution using a cascade vapor compression cycle with natural refrigerants R290 (propane) and R170 (ethane). A detailed theoretical analysis identifies critical points, particularly at the expansion valve inlet, addressed by incorporating an interstage heat exchanger. An experimental prototype confirms the theoretical results, achieving COP improvements of up to 40 % at −70 °C and 20 % at −80 °C compared to the R404A/R23 baseline. The natural refrigerant pair also delivers greater cooling capacity with a lower mass flow rate and reduces CO₂-equivalent emissions by 37 %. These findings highlight the technical and environmental potential of natural refrigerants in ULT systems.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies Industrials i Material
Electrical Resistivity Control for Non-Volatile-Memory Electrodes Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation of LaNiO3 Thin Films Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition
No full textIn this work, we investigated how the electrical resistivity of LaNiO3 thin films deposited on SrLaAlO4 (100), LaAlO3 (100), and MgO (100) single-crystal substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique can be controlled by femtosecond laser irradiation. Thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and temperature-dependent electrical resistivity measurements. The XRD data indicated good crystallinity and preferential crystallographic orientation. The electronic transport parameters of irradiated samples showed a remarkable decrease in the electrical resistivity for all studied films, which ranged from 38% to 52% depending on the temperature region considered and the type of substrate used. The results indicate a new and innovative route to decrease the electrical resistivity values in a precise, controlled, and localized manner, which could not be performed directly by well-known growth processes, allowing for direct application in non-volatile-memory electrodes
Beneficial soil fungi induce resistance to the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta through primed accumulation of antiherbivory compounds
No full textTuta absoluta is an invasive insect pest and major threat to global tomato production, as current management approaches fail to lower its incidence below the targeted economic threshold. While microbe-induced resistance (microbe-IR) is widely documented under controlled conditions, its implementation in the field is challenging due to context-dependency and our limited knowledge on the underlying mechanisms. We recently showed that different fungal bioinoculants reduced the natural incidence of T. absoluta as part of Integrated Pest Management under real production conditions. Here we focus on the underlying mechanisms studying the ability of these fungi to boost tomato direct defenses against the pest and exploring the metabolic changes involved. Trichoderma afroharzianum, Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis consistently enhanced tomato resistance to T. absoluta across different experimental conditions. Untargeted metabolomics revealed a metabolic reprogramming in leaves of the inoculated plants and primed responses to the attacker associated to the microbe-IR phenotype. Upon herbivory, fungal-inoculated plants showed a limited activation of the carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, both important for insect nutrition, and an increase of the phenylpropanoid metabolism related to defense. We identified
metabolites whose concentrations negatively correlate with T. absoluta fitness and show a primed accumulation in resistant plants. Among them, azelaic acid and feruloylputrescine showed anti-herbivore activity, inhibiting the development of the leaf miner when exogenously applied to tomato plants. The results demonstrate that root-colonizing fungi prime the plant’s ability to activate its secondary metabolism in response to herbivory, triggering microbe-IR that can effectively contribute to control important pests as T. absoluta
El Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en la universidad: superar las barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación del alumnado autista
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalEsta tesis doctoral explora cómo la Universitat Jaume I (Castellón de la Plana) promueve una educación inclusiva desde la perspectiva del alumnado autista, utilizando el enfoque del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA). A través de una metodología cualitativa y siete estudios, se identifican diferentes barreras para su participación y aprendizaje, así como facilitadores desde el enfoque DUA. Aunque el profesorado muestra una actitud proactiva, desconoce cómo implementar prácticas más inclusivas. Los servicios de apoyo son clave, aunque requieren de una mayor coordinación entre los distintos agentes para garantizar que sus funciones sean verdaderamente efectivas. La propuesta formativa Encuentros impulsa el diálogo entre estudiantado, profesorado y especialistas para construir colectivamente conocimiento y avanzar hacia una universidad más inclusiva. La investigación concluye que la UJI muestra un compromiso con la inclusión, aunque señala la necesidad de un respaldo institucional más sólido, que impulse estas iniciativas como parte de su modelo universitario.This research explores how the Jaume I University (Castellón de la Plana) promotes inclusive education from the perspective of autistic students, using the framework of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Through a qualitative methodology and seven studies, various barriers to their participation and learning are identified, as well as facilitators aligned with the UDL approach. Although faculty members display a proactive attitude, they often lack knowledge on how to implement more inclusive practices. Support services play a key role, although greater coordination among stakeholders is needed to ensure that their functions are truly effective. The training initiative Encuentros fosters dialogue among students, faculty, and specialists to collectively build knowledge and advance toward a more inclusive university. The research concludes that UJI demonstrates a commitment to inclusion, while also highlighting the need for stronger institutional support to drive such initiatives as part of its university model.Programa de Doctorat en Educaci
Consumption of Male–Female, Female–Female, and Male–Male Pornography: Attentional Focus and Associated Discomfort in Spanish Men with Different Sexual Attraction
No full textWhile extensive research exists on general pornography consumption, there is limited focus on the consumption of non-preferred sexual content and its potential associated discomfort. In 2019, a total of 1,133 Spanish men aged between 18 and 40 years (M = 24.78; SD = 5.91) completed a questionnaire regarding their consumption of male–female, female–female, and male–male pornography, the attentional focus, as well as the discomfort they experienced when aroused by such materials. The results were analyzed based on five groups of sexual attraction, ranging from “exclusively heterosexual” to “exclusively gay.” Regardless of sexual attraction, men reported consuming and experiencing arousal by all three types of pornography. Exclusively heterosexual men primarily consumed and were aroused by male–female and female–female pornography, while exclusively gay men preferred male–female and male–male pornography. Men with nonexclusive sexual attraction, especially bisexual men, exhibited high levels of consumption and arousal across all types of pornography evaluated. When watching male–female pornography, exclusively heterosexual men reported focusing more on women, exclusively gay men on men, and men with nonexclusive attractions on interactions among individuals. Male–male pornography material caused the most discomfort. These findings illustrate the variety of experiences of consumption and arousal by pornography, even from featuring non-preferred sexual activities. The study also highlights the associated discomfort, particularly with male–male pornography. Further exploration is needed to understand the phenomenon behind this discomfort, such as internalized desires, and to promote a more flexible understanding of sexual identities to support inclusive and healthy sexual health practices
Comparative Study of Bulk and Nanoscale BiVO4 Photoanodes in Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Reactions
No full textMost BiVO4-based photoelectrodes are prepared using the metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method, which produces a characteristic porous bulk BiVO4 film. To study different photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties depending on the structure of BiVO4, bulk- and nanoscale (nano)-BiVO4 photoelectrodes are prepared using the same MOD method on compact-SnO2 (c-SnO2) and c-SnO2/mesoporous-SnO2 electrodes, respectively. Unlike the well-known film structure of bulk-BiVO4, nanoscale dots of BiVO4 are formed on the surface of the mesoporous SnO2 particulate film, as confirmed by absorbance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. The PEC behavior of both BiVO4 photoanodes is examined for glycerol and sulfite oxidation reactions. The optimized bulk- and nano-BiVO4 PEC cells recorded photocurrents of 2.37 and 4.01 mA cm−2 for glycerol oxidation and of 3.28 and 5.19 mA cm−2 for sulfite oxidation, respectively. The excellent photocurrent generation ability of the nano-BiVO4 electrode can be used to design an ideal BiVO4-based PEC cell. Impedance analysis is performed to explain the differences in charge transfer/transport between bulk- and nano-BiVO4 PEC reactions and the reason behind the enhanced performance of nano-BiVO4 compared to its bulk counterpart.H.J.Lee thanks the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022R1A2C1008252) and by BK21 FOUR Program by Jeonbuk National University Research Grant. S. Giménez acknowledges financial support by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, by “ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the “European Union” (PID2023-152771OB-I00). I. Mora-Seró acknowledges financial support by the project Q-Solutions (CIPROM/2021/078) funded by Generalitat Valenciana via PROMETEO program.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume