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The role of design in extended producer responsibility. Ecomodulation of Spanish industry
No full textEl incremento de los residuos textiles y de calzado producido por la moda rápida representa un desafío ambiental sin precedentes. Este artículo explora la Responsabilidad Ampliada del Productor (RAP) como una solución clave, enmarcada en los planes de acción de Economía Circular (EC) del Pacto Verde europeo.
Se analiza el papel del diseño en la RAP mediante la revisión de literatura, estudios de caso de sistemas pioneros como el SCRAP francés, y el estado evolutivo de la EC en España a través de entrevistas a las partes interesadas. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación dibujan el modo de implantación de la ecomodulación, el ecodiseño colectivo y las infaestructuras para la EC del sector en España. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta de sistema de incentivos a los productores por ecodiseño del producto y nuevas líneas de investigación en la ecomodulación del textil y el calzado a implementar durante los próximos años.The increase in textile and footwear waste produced by fast fashion represents an unprecedented environmental challenge. This article explores Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a key solution, framed within the Circular Economy (CE) action plans of the European Green Deal. The role of design in EPR has been analyzed through literature review, case studies of pioneering systems such as the French eco organization, and the evolution of CE in Spain through interviews to stakeholders. The main findings of the research outline the implementation of ecomodulation, collective eco-design and actual development of infrastructures for CE in the Spanish sector. This paper concludes with a proposal for a system of incentives for product eco-design to producers and new lines of research in the ecomodulation of textiles and footwear to be implemented in the coming years
El contenido burgués de las revoluciones de independencia en América Latina
No full textEl contenido burgués de las revoluciones de independencia en América Latina. Desde hace tiempo se percibe en la historiografía internacional, un notable avance de la investigación comparada, que en creciente medida repercute también sobre la historia de las revoluciones
de los tiempos modernos. El método histórico comparado es un instrumento importante para
aprehender la relación entre lo general y lo particular, entre las manifestaciones concretas que
adoptan las leyes históricas y la “repetitividad” de procesos (congruentes tanto con el sistema
como con el estado histórico) propios a determinada formación socio-económica [...
Resistance of Pinus pinea to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus explained by the dynamic response of phytohormones, antioxidant activity, and stress-related gene expression
No full textKnowledge on hormonal and genetic mechanisms of pine trees in response to the pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is limited. To describe tree defence strategies against B. xylophilus, this study used the plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate (MJ) on four pine species with diferent susceptibility (Pinus pinaster<P. radiata ≈ P. sylvestris<P. pinea). Three-year-old trees were sprayed with MJ at 0, 25, and 50 mM, and 2 months later challenged with the PWN. Multiple samples were taken to assess nematode content, oxidative stress, secondary metabolites, phytohormone levels, and stress-related gene expression. Nematode infestation in trees correlated negatively with the water content of needles and phenolics of stems, and positively with the concentration of indole-3-carboxylic acid in stems. MJ spray reduced in a dose-dependent manner the nematode content in P. pinaster and P. sylvestris. The efects of MJ were species-specifc, although a more pronounced impact was observed in the susceptible P. pinaster species, leading to a decrease of chlorophyll and water loss and to the upregulation of the gene involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids (AFS). After MJ spray, increased levels of JA-Ile were observed in P. pinea only. Hormone profling, predisposition to activate antioxidant response, and gene expression in P. pinea trees provide evidence of why this species is highly resistant to B. xylophilus. On the contrary, the lack of efective hormonal changes in P. pinaster explained the lack of defence responses to B. xylophilus of this susceptible species. This study is a frst approach to explore biochemical, molecular, and hormonal interactions between Pinus species and the PWN, and presents unprecedented insights into alterations induced by exogenous MJ in regulating defence mechanisms in pine trees
Social and emotional learning - Portuguese and Spanish teachers’ representations and classroom practices
No full textIntroduction: This study aims to uncover the representations and practices of Portuguese and Spanish school teachers regarding social and emotional learning (SEL), hoping to contribute to filling a perceived gap in the empirical literature of these two countries.
Methods: This is an exploratory qualitative study with a convenience sample of 68 Portuguese and Spanish teachers who responded to an open-ended questionnaire. The teachers’ responses were analyzed following a hybrid approach to the method of thematic analysis. As an extension to the study, we checked the level of similarity of the perspectives and practices expressed by the Portuguese and the Spanish teachers.
Results: The findings reveal the participants’ awareness of the theoretical foundations of SEL with an emphasis on the association between SEL and students’ mental health. In terms of classroom practices, they tended to implement activities involving students in reflecting on their feelings and emotions to facilitate the development of healthy social and emotional behavior. No significant differences were found between teachers from the two countries.
Discussion: Our findings echo previous research showing that teaching SEL cannot be a process carried out haphazardly or intuitively. Teachers who are well-trained and prepared to teach are more willing to change their practices and more likely to implement SEL in their classrooms. Therefore, the development of teaching skills in SEL should be part of initial and in-service teacher training programs to become competent in promoting a whole school approach
Curbing Petrochemical Lubricants by Plant-Based Chemicals: A Reliable Opportunity to Align with Sustainable Development Goals
No full textThe use of plant-based lubricants is a sustainable alternative to petrochemical lubricants. Their main advantages include proven tribological performance, higher biodegradability in the environment, and the absence of health hazards when inhaled, ingested, or in contact with the skin. In this study, nine best-selling commercial lubricants were purchased and compared with two proposed sustainable alternatives derived from plant-based resources. The alternative wet lubricant that was developed demonstrated superior tribological performance compared to the selected commercial lubricants. Meanwhile, the alternative dry lubricant exhibited a greater load capacity and high wear resistance in the presence of micrometric Al2O3 particles at 20 N. The results indicated that a proper formulation of plant-based resources in lubricants can achieve the same or even better functional performance than conventional lubricants, which are currently classified as hazardous under European regulations
Influence of binge drinking on the resting state functional connectivity of university Students: A follow-up study
No full textBinge Drinking (BD) is characterized by consuming large amounts of alcohol on one occasion, posing risks to brain function. Nonetheless, it remains the most prevalent consumption pattern among students. Cross-sectional studies have explored the relationship between BD and anomalies in resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC), but the medium/long-term consequences of BD on RS-FC during developmental periods remain relatively unexplored. In this two-year follow-up study, the impact of sustained BD on RS-FC was investigated in 44 college students (16 binge-drinkers) via two fMRI sessions at ages 18–19 and 20–21. Using a seed-to-voxel approach, RS-FC differences were examined in nodes of the main brain functional networks vulnerable to alcohol misuse, according to previous studies. Group differences in RS-FC were observed in four of the explored brain regions. Binge drinkers, compared to the control group, exhibited, at the second assessment, decreased connectivity between the right SFG (executive control network) and right precentral gyrus, the ACC (salience network) and right postcentral gyrus, and the left amygdala (emotional network) and medial frontal gyrus/dorsal ACC. Conversely, binge drinkers showed increased connectivity between the right Nacc (reward network) and four clusters comprising bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right middle cingulate cortex, and right MFG extending to SFG. Maintaining a BD pattern during critical neurodevelopmental years impacts RS-FC, indicating mid-to-long-term alterations in functional brain organization. This study provides new insights into the neurotoxic effects of adolescent alcohol misuse, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies addressing the lasting consequences on brain functional connectivity.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (PNSD 2015/034) Ministerio de Economı́a y Competitividad (PSI2015-70525-P) co-funded for European Regional Development Fund, Grant PID2020-113487RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and Xunta de Galicia (GRC ED431C 2021/08). SS-S was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela co-funded with European Funds (Margarita Salas 2022–2024)
Valencian digital artivism as a feminist strategy. A case study on Tres Voltes Rebel
No full textEl present article investiga el paper fonamental del l’artivisme digital feminista mitjançant l’anàlisi detallada del cas d’estudi de Tres Voltes Rebel i les seues 75 publicacions en Instagram durant l’any 2023; centraten l’existència d’un jo col·lectiu feminista i en la incidència del contingut promocional dins de la seua obra. A través d’un enfocament qualitatiu exhaustiu, s’exposen els discursos i les estratègies de comunicació emprades per l’artivista valenciana per a promoure la consciència feminista en el ciberespai. Els resultats revelen la construcció activa d’identitats col·lectives en aquestentorn,així comsubratllen l’essència del contingut promocional dins de la lògica del sistema capitalista. Aquestestudi s’emmarca en l’ampliació de lacomprensió de l’artivisme digital com un pilar essencial dins del moviment feminista contemporani, amb la intenció deressaltar el seu impacte cultural i la seua capacitat transformadora en la lluita feminista.This article investigates the fundamental role of feminist digital artivism through detailed analysis of the case study of Tres Voltes Rebel and its 75 Instagram posts during the year 2023; focusing on the existence of a feminist collective self and the incidence of promotional content within her work. Through an exhaustive qualitative approach, the discourses and communication strategies used by the Valencian artivist to promote feminist awareness in cyberspace are exposed. The results reveal the active construction of collective identities in this environment, underlining the essence of promotional content within the logic of the capitalist system. This study is framed withinthe aim ofbroadening the understanding of digital artivism as an essential pillar within the contemporary feminist movement, highlighting its cultural impact and its transformative capacity in the feminist struggle.El presente artículo investiga el papel fundamental del el artivismo digital feminista mediante el análisis detallado del caso de estudio de Tres Vueltas Rebelde y sus 75 publicaciones en Instagram durante el año 2023. Enfocándose en la existencia de un yo colectivo feminista y en la incidencia del contenido promocional dentro de su obra. A través de un enfoque cualitativo exhaustivo, se exponen los discursos y las estrategias de comunicación empleadas por la artivista valenciana para promover la conciencia feminista en el ciberespacio. Los resultados revelan la construcción activa de identidades colectivas en este entorno, subrayando la esencia del contenido promocional dentro de la lógica del sistema capitalista. Este estudio se enmarca en ampliar la comprensión del artivismo digital como un pilar esencial dentro del movimiento feminista contemporáneo, resaltando su impacto cultural y su capacidad transformadora en la lucha feminista
How to Easily Depolymerize Polyurethane Foam Wastes by Superbase Catalysts in Ionic Liquids Below 100 °C
No full textThis study introduces a novel and sustainable approach using Ionic Liquids (ILs) as a non-innocent solvent that enhances the performance of the basic catalysts to depolymerize polyurethane foam wastes (PUFWs) through hydrolysis, alcoholysis or aminolysis under mild conditions. The system is stable, fully recoverable, and reusable. Hydrolysis of PUFWs can occur in just 2 minutes at 95–98 °C, producing a white polyol that is easily separated and reused in new polyurethane synthesis. The method was successfully scaled up to depolymerize 200 g of PUFW per batch (1 kg overall depolymerization system). This scalability, combined with the medium‘s reusability without loss of effectiveness, highlights its strong potential for industrial applications.This work has been partially supported by MICINN-FEDERAEI 10.13039/501100011033 (PID2021- 124695OB−C21/C22 and PDC2022-133313-C21/C22), MICINN –European Union Next Generation EU-PRTR (TED2021-129626B−C21/C22) and Fundación SENECA CARM (21884/PI/22) grants
Factores de éxito en los equipos de trabajo de los sistemas Lean Management
No full textLos sistemas Lean se basan en una serie de principios cuya implantación incluye recursos técnicos y humanos, donde se desarrollan los equipos de trabajo multifuncionales. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es investigar las dimensiones de los equipos lean que influyen en el funcionamiento de los sistemas Lean y en los Resultados de Operaciones de las empresas. La población del estudio está formada por empresas de diferentes sectores industriales. Los datos se analizan mediante regresión lineal. Los resultados muestran que las características clave de los equipos de trabajo lean son Interdependencia, Formación al equipo, Roles de comportamiento, Toma de decisiones compartida, Liderazgo y Aprendizaje interno y externo del equipo, cuya influencia varía según el tipo de resultado considerado. Estos resultados aportan información para la dirección de los sistemas Lean en general y de los equipos de trabajo en particular.Lean systems are based on a series of principles whose implementation includes technical and human resources, where multifunctional work teams are developed. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the dimensions of Lean work teams that influence lean and operations performance. The study population are companies from different industrial sectors. Data are analyzed using linear regression analysis. Results show that the key characteristics of work teams are interdependence, team building, behavioral roles, shared decision making, leadership, internal learning team and external learning team. The influence of those variables depends on the type of outcome considered, lean performance, quality, delivery and flexibility. No significant effect is shown when cost performance is considered. These results provide information for the management of Lean systems in general and of work teams in particular.Programa de Doctorat en Economia i Empres
